7:38
CHRONOLOGY.
A. M. A. D.
committed most terrible devastations in Gaul, aredefeated in several battles by Probus, in which400,000 barbarians are said to have been killed.
Varanes II. begins his reign over Persia.
The Burgundians and Vandals conquered by Probus.
4282 278 Thrace ravaged by the Goths and Sarmatians.
4284 280 Proculus and Bonosus revolt, and set themselves up
for emperors ; but after several battles had beenfought, Proculus was put to death by Probus, andBonosus being reduced to great straits, killedhimself.
4286 282 Probus slain by his own soldiers in Illyricum, after a
reign of tive years and four month.-,; and is suc-ceeded in the empire by Gams.
4287 283 The Quadians and Sarmatians ravage Illyricum and
Thrace ; but the emperor meeting them totallydefeats them with the loss of 16,000 killed, and20,000 taken prisoners.
Cams dies after a reign of sixteen months, and is suc-ceeded in the empire by his son Numerianus.
Numerianus is privately murdered by his father-in-law after a reign of eight months, and is succeed-ed in the empire by Dioclesian, on the 17th ofSeptember.
4JS9 285 Julianus and Carinus setting themselves up to be em-perors, are defeated and killed by Dioclesian.
4290 286 Dioclesian takes Maximian for his colleague in the
empire.
4791 287 Carausius sets himself up for emperor in Britain,
which he supports about seven years.
The coasts of Gaul plundered by the Franks.
The licruli, Chaibons, and Cavions, lay waste theRoman provinces about the Rhine; but theirarmv is almost annihilated bv Maximian.
4293 239 The Sarmatians entirely discomfited by Dioclesian,
and Dacia reunited to the empire.
4296 292 M. Aurelius Julianus set himself up for emperor in
Italy, and Achillams did the same in Alexandriain Egypt. Upon this Dioclesian chose Maximi-nus Galerius for his successor' in the east, andMaximian Constantius, sirnamed Chlorus, for hissuccessor in the west, and endowed each with thetitle of Gtesar, and the tribunitial and proconsularpower.
In this and some following years Galerius orders se-veral large forests to be grubbed up in Lower Pan-nonia, and a lake to be emptied into the sea,which drained a vast tract of land, w hich he form-ed into a new province, and named it after hiswife Valeria. The chief cities were Mursa,Aquincum, and Valeria.
Julianus, the Italian usurper, reduced to such straitsby T Maximian, that lie killed himself.
•The British emperor Carausius murdered by Alec-tus, who reigned in his stead three years.
4299 295 The Carpi entirely reduced by Galerius, and trans-
planted by Dioclesian into Pannonia, and otherparts of the empire.
4304 300 Alectus, the British usurper, defeated and killed by
Asclepiodotus, and Britain again united to theempire by Constantius.
Achilleus, the Egyptian usurper, put to death byDioclesian, and the cities of Coptes and Businsruined for siding w ith him.
4305 301 All Armenia taken lrom the Romans by Nones,
king of Persia ; but he is quickly after defeatedbv Galerius and obliged to surrender live of Idsprovinces in order to obtain peace.
The Alemans invading Gaul are defeated by Con-stantins Chlorus.
4307 303 The tenth and last general persecution of the Chris-
tians breaks onion the 23d of February, and wasmoved by Dioclesian, who commanded all theChristian churches to be spoiled and thrown down,
AM. A. D.
and the books of Holy Writ to be burned ; andthat all Christians that were of any authorityshould be degraded. He further ordered, thatno servant, abiding in the faith, should be madefree, and that all prelates and chief ministersshould be obliged to w orship idols. This perse-cution raged ten years with a fury not to be ex-pressed in or by words.
4309 305 Dioclesian and Maximian resign the imperial dignity
to Galerius and Constantius on the first of May,who choose Severus and Maximin for theirCxsars.
The whole nation of the Carpi submit to the Romans.
4310 306 The Franks making incursions into the Roman em-
pire, are driven back by Constantine.
Constantius dies at York, and is succeeded in theempire by his son Constantine the Great.
Severus reigning with intolerable cruelty in Romeand Africa, Mnxentius, son of the late resignedemperor Maximum, proclaims himself emperor,anil is acknowledged by the senate.
Maximian goes to Rome, and is a second time declar-ed emperor by the senate, and made colleaguewith his son Maxentius.
4311 307 Licinius, a person of mean birth, created emperor by
Galerius ; so that there were now six emperors atone time in the Roman dominions, viz. Constan-tine, Maximian, Maxentius, Galerius, Licinius,and Severus.
Severus put to deatli by Maximian.
4313 309 Alexander declared emperor at Carthage, which he
supported for three years.
4314 310 Maximian put to death for a conspiracy against Con-
stantine.
Constantine drives back the Franks which were cross-ing the Rhine.
The Alemans defeated by Constantine, ■and obligedto repass the Rhine.
4315 311 The emperor Galerius dies in the greatest torments,
about the beginning of May, by degrees, and ina measure devoured by lice, having a little be-fore revoked his decree against the Christians, forthe persecution of whom lie was persuaded hissore malady came upon him.
4316 312 Alexander, the usurper, defeated, taken prisoner,
and put to deatli, by Maxentius, and Carthagethat lmd sided with him demolished.
Maxentius quarrelling with Constantine is defeatednear Rome, and drowned in the Tyber; where-upon Constantine enters Rome in triumph, car-rying the head of Maxentius stuck upon apole.An edict is issued in November in the names of Con-stantine and Licinius, putting a stop to the greatpersecution that had raged for nearly ten yearsagainst the Christians.
4317 313 A great number of Christian churches built and en-
dowed by Constantine.
Maximine defeated by Licinius, who in consequenceof this defeat poisoned himself; whereupon Li-cinius became sole master of the Roman empirein the east, and Constantine of the Roman em-pire in the west.
4318 314 Constantine holds a Christian council at Arles of all
the bishops in the west, to suppress the Dona-tists.
Licinius and Constantine disagieeing, engage nearCibake in Pannonia, in which the former is de-feated with the loss of 20,000 men.
Constantine and Licinius engage again in the plainscf Mardia, but neither side gaining the victory,a peace is concluded by w hich Licinius is to berestored to his former dominions with the ex-ception of Illyricum, Dardania, Macedon, Greece,and Maisia, which is to be ceded to Constantine.
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