CHRONOLOGY.

753

A.M.A. D.

is dreadfully harrassed with civil wars; for thepope promised, eternal life to all those that foughtagainst the emperor. lie railed also a generalcouncil, wherein he deprived the emperor of hisauthority, and ordained Salve rcgina, &c. -andthat hells should be rung at the consecration ofthe sacrament, and to the praise of the VirginMary.

5245. 1241 Celestine IV. succeeds Gregory TV. in the pope-dom, and was bishop only 18 days; after whichtime the papal see is vacant for luo years.

The Tartars under Genghis-khan,over-run Hungarywith ail army of 500,000 men, and destroy all intheir way with tire and sword, reducing the wholecountry to famine, so that the inhabitants wereconstrained to eat their own children to supportlife. This cruelty continued three years.

5247 1243 Innocent IV. succeeds Celestine IV, in the popedom.

This pope first gave red hats to the cardinals.

5250 1246 Pope Innocent IV. assembling a council at Lyons,

whither he had fled for fear of the emperor, ex-communicated the emperor Frederic, and depriv-ed him of all imperial authority, commanding thathe should no more be called Ciesar.

5251 1247 The German electors hearing of the deposition of the

emperor by the pope, choose the Landgrave ofTlniringiuin for their new emperor; who dyingsoon after, William, earl of Holland, is chosen inhis stead.

5257 1253 The famous astronomical tables are composed by Al-

fonzo XI. king of Castile. '

5258 1254 Alexander IV. succeeds Innocent IV. in the pope-

dom. This pope greatly encouraged the civilwars between the Guelphs and Gibbclines, andexcommunicated Manfredi, the son of Frederic.

5259 1255 John Uucas of Vataces, Greek, emperor at Nice,

dies, and is succeeded by his sou Theodorus Las-caris 11.

5260 1256 Dissensions among the German electors for the choice

of an emperor, some naming Alfonsus, king ofCastile, some liichavd, the brother of Henry theEnglish king; hut the whole empire not agreeingin the choice of either of them, ilie imperial seatis vacant for the space of seventeen years.

The Tartars cut off the troops belonging to the sul-tan of Iconium, and reduce him to such straitsthat he flies to the emperor Theodorus Lascaris,who receives him kindly, and sends him backwith an army commanded by Isbar Ducas, a ge-neral of great note, for which the sultan surrender-ed the city of Laodicea to Lascaris.

5-02 125S King Henry obliged by his nobles to resign the

power of a sovereign, and sell Normandy andAnjou to the French.

Theodoras Lascaris, Greek emperor at Nice, dies,and is succeeded by his son John, a child of nineyears of age.

5263 U59 Michael Paleotogus, guardian to the young emperor

of Nice, is declared emperor, and crowned bythe patriarch. He recovers Peloponnesus fromthe Latins and the despot of If,pirus.

5265 1261 Alexius Strategopvlus, general under the emperor [

Paleologus, surprises Constantinople, kills all hemeets with, and sets tire to it in four places at onetime. Baldwin, the Latin emperor at Constan-tinople, and the Latin patriarch, and some otherof his intimate friends, lly to Venice. Soonafter Paleologus settles his affairs at Nice, andthen goes to Constantinople with the empress, hisson Andronicus, the senate, and the nohilih, totake possession of the imperial city, and to li'x hisresidence there, after it had been under the do-„ minion of the Latins for 57 years.

•'?GC» t ?62 Urban IV. succeeds Alexander IV. in the popedom.v«n, i.—NO. 4s.

A. M. A. I).

5266 1262 Discontents arise between Henry, king of England,

and his barons.

5267 1263 Baldwin, the deposed Latin emperor, marries Ins

daughter to Charles, king of Sicily, and gave himConstantinople for her dowry. ’ Charles make*preparations to come and lake it. Paleologus or-ders himself to be again crowned emperor, andthen puts out the eyes of the young emperor Joint,to whom he had sworn to resign the empire whenof age ; for which Arsenius the patriarch excom-municated him. Michael, despot of Epirus, andConstantine, king of Bulgaria, who had marriedthe young emperor’s sisters, broke into Thrace,and laid it waste. Paleologus goes against them,has most of his troops cut to pieces and taken pri-soners, and hardly escapes himself. The Vene-tians seized the islands of the Archipelago. Pa-leolcgus sends to pope Urban IV. and premises tosubmit to the Latin church, upon which peace ismade, and in a council held at Lyons,in A.D. 1274,Paleologus, acknowledges the pope's supremacy.

5268 1264 Five hundred Jews were slain by the Londoners, be-

cause one Jew would have forced a Christianto pay more than twopence for the usury of twen-ty shillings for a week.

Battle of Lewes between Henry HI. king of Eng-land, and his barons, May 14, in which the king,his brother Richard, and iiis son Edward, are takenprisoners.

5269 1265 Clement IV. succeeds Fit ban IV. in the popedom.

Battle of Evesham, Aug. 5, in which King Henry ofEngland was wounded.

5273 1269 The papal see, through a dissension between the car-

dinals, is void for the space of two years.

5275 1271 The river Thames was frozen to such'a degree from

the feast of St. Andrew to Candlemas, that menand beasts passed.over on foot from Lambeth toWestminster.

Gregory X. succeeds to the popedom.

5276 1272 Henry 111. dies at St. Edmonsburv in the 57th vear

of his reign, and is succeeded m the kingdom ofEngland by bis soil Edward I. sirnamed Long-shanks.

5277 1273 The empire of the present Austrian family begins,

under Rodolph.

5278 1274 Joseph, the Constantinopolitan patriarch, and all the

clergy, oppose the Greek emperor’s acknowledg-ment of the pope’s supremacy ; which so en-raged the emperor, that he racked some, whippedothers, imprisoned many, banished the patriarchJoseph, and put Vcccus in his stead ; w hich occa-sioned many uproars, seditions, and a universaluneasiness.

5279 1275 Innocent V. succeeds Gregory X. in the popedom;

and six months after Innocent V. is succeeded byAdrian V. who only holding it 40 days is succeed-ed by John XX. who, being killed eight monthsafter lie became pope, is succeeded by Nicho-las III.

Stephen, the fourth king of Hungary, upon over-coming Gea, prince'of Bulgaria, by cutting hiswhole army to pieces, is acknowledged king ofHungary and Bulgaria.

5281 1277 The statute of Mortmain first enacted by king Ed-

ward I. of England.

The city of Rome weary of the dominion eg’ theirbishops.

5283 1279 Two hundred and eighty-four Jews executed in

England for dipping the coin.

The first coinage of halfpence and farthings in Eng-land.

5285 1281 Martin IV. succeeds Nicholas III. in the popedom.

Kutahi taken from the Greeks by Ortogrul, thefather of Otliman. This is the fust conquest nini-9 F lioned