CHRONOLOGY,
A. M.A.D.
3406 1402 Manuel returns to Constantinople, whore he is re-
ceived with extraordinary joy, and John deposedand banished to the island oi Lesbos. Bajazet’sfive sons vend and tear the Turkish empire forten venr.; with fierce civil wars; but at last Mo-hammed the youngest having overcome theothers, wa- proclaimed sultan of the whole Turkishempire. The Greek emperor improved thistime, and recovered several provinces, whichMohammed for the assistance he'had given himsuffered him quietly to enjoy until his death, whichhappened in A. D. 1424.
4403 1404 Innocent V11. succeeds Boniface IX. in the pope-
dom.
' 5410 1406 Gregory XII. succeeds Innocent VII. in the pope-
dom.
6412 1403 A frost in FmgUmd which continued 15 weeks.
5413 14j 9 Alexander V. succeeds Gregory XIf. in the pope-
dom.
5414 1410 Jolm XXII. succeeds Alexander V. in the popedom.
5415 1411 On the 12th of October the river Thames was at
high water three times.
There were now three popes in Europe, John resid-ed at Bononia, Gregory at Arminium, and Bene-dict in Spain.
£417 1413 Henry IV. of England dies of an apoplexy at West-
minster, and is succeeded by his son Ilenry V.
541S 1414 By means of Sigismund, the w estern emperor, a greatcouncil was held at Constance, which continuedfour years ; the design of which was to considerof the best method of bringing about a reconcilia-tion in the Latin church. By this council thethree popes were deposed, the doctrine of Wick-lil'lc condemned, and John IIuss and Jerome ofPrague condemned to be burned for speakingagainst the temporal pow er of the Roman bishop.John IIuss was 'burned the following year, andJerome of Prague in A. D. 1416.
5419 1415 Great battle of Agincourl between the English and
Trench, Oct. 25, in which the latter were defeat-ed with the loss of 10,000 killed/and as manytaken prisoners. The English army only con-sisted of 13,000 foot and 2000 spear-men; butthe French hail above 40,000 men.
5421 1417 In obedience to the council of Constance, (he three
reigning popes were deposed, and Martin 4’.chosen in their stead, which puts an end to the' long schism which had for 39 years distracted the
whole Latin world.
King Ilenry of England invades Normandy with anarmv ot 26,000 men, and takes several places.
5423 1419 King Ilenry of England, having conquered liouen,
and subdued all Normandy, was proclaimed bythe French lords regent of France, during thelifetime of Charles VI. the then reigning monarchof France, and after the decease of the Frenchking it was agreed that Ilenry V. and his heirsshould succeed to the kingdom.
5424 1420 Sigismund, emperor of Germany, took upon him the
crown of Bohemia.
5425 1421 Pope Martin enters Rome, and is received with great
joy by the inhabitants.
5426 1422 Ilenry V. king of England and France, dies of a
pleurisy at llouen, on Aug. 31, and is succeededby his son Henry VI.
6428 1424 John, son of Manuel, succeeds his father in the.
to to Greek empire, who having supported one Mils-
5448 1444 tapha, a pretended sou of Bajazet’s, against Amu-
rath II. son of Mohammed, Amtirath to revenge .the insult besieges Constantinople ; but his youngbrother Mustapha, supported by the princeof C'aaramnia, revolts in Asia, and proclaims• himself sultan. Amurath raises the siege, and goes
against him, who was treacherously delivered upto Amurath, and by him strangled. Amurath
A. M.A.D,
goes against the prince of Caaramnia, and obligeshim to submit to what terms lie thought til togive him. 'Then he entered Macedon and Greece,and took all those provinces; then reduced Mer-via, then besieged Belgrade, where the Christianskilled 15,000 'Forks in one sally, and obliged theTurkish emperor to raise the siege ; and in Insreturn John Ilunniailes, the famous Hungarianprince, cut great numbers of his no n to pieces ;and soon after engaging the 'Turkish army again,killed 20,000 of them on the spot, and as manyin the pursuit. Amurath sends two oilier armiesmore numerous than the former into Transylva-nia, which were almost destroyed by the braveHungarian, who thereupon recovered from theTurks all Bulgaria and Benia; but at last lie wasovercome in the fatal battle of Varna, A. D. 1444,where Uladislaus, king of Hungary, was also cutto pieces.
5432 1428 At this time rose up in France a young woman about
20 years of age, w ho was held in great esteem bytlieDolphin. She told him that she was a mes-senger sent by God t-o reconquer for him thekingdom of France that the English were in pos-session of. This woman went by the name ofJoan d’Arc, or the Maid of Orleans, and took upanus, rode in man’s apparel, and in the space oftwo years gained from the English many townsand strong places.
5434 1430 Joan d’Arc, in whom tlieDolphin had put all his
trust, is taken by one Sir Jolm Luxemburg, andcondemned, and burnt for a witch.
5433 1431 Ilenry VI. of England is crowned king of France
at Paris.
F.ngenius IV. succeeds Martin V. in the popedom.
5440 1436 Charles Vll. of France recovers Palis by treachery
from the English, and took by storm the towns ofIlarlleur and S. Denis, putting the English there-in to the sword.
Bohemia vanquished and brought under subjectionby the emperor of Germany.
5441 1437 The cardinal of the holy cross, by the permission of
pope Eugenius, began the council ol Terraria, atw hich were present Jolm l’aieologus, the Greekemperor of Constantinople, the patriarch, and se-veral other persons of note. By this council aunion was brought about between the Latin andGreek churches.
5443 1 439 The council of Terraria, by reason of a great pesti-
lence, is removed to Florence, at which lime theChristians of Armenia and India consented to theLatin church, and the Greeks agreed, “ 'That theHoly Ghost proceeded from the Father and Son,that there is a purgatory, that the sacrament oughtto lie celebrated only with unleavened breadmade of wheat, and that the bishop of Rome isPeter’s lawful successor and Christ’s glorious vi-car on earth, whom Ihe world ought to obey.”
5444 1440 About this time the very famous discovery of tiie art
of printing was made.
5447 1443 The steeple of St. Paul’s church, London, is set on
lire by lightning; hut through the greut labour ofmam men the lire is soon after happily extin-guished.
5548 1444 Constantine, brother of John, succeeds to the Greek
empire, now almost confined to Constantinople.
5451 1447 Nicholas V. succeeds Eugenius 14'. in the popedom.
5452 1448 John Ilunniades engages Amurath, the Turkish em-
peror, at Cassma for three days together ; but isat last overpowered by numbers. In this battle38,000 'Turks were slain, ami 8000 Christians,with the flower of the Hungarian nobility.
The Greek emperor Jolm sends to Adrianople toAmurath to conclude a peace. Anuirulii de-mands some strong holds in the Euxine sea, and
300,000