CHRONOLOGY.
7 5S
A. M. A. D.
vanced his bastards to great riches, honour, anddignity.
5 159 14S5 Battle of Bosw-ortli, Aug. 22, between 'Richard Ill.
king of England, and Henry, earl of Richmond,where the English king was defeated and slain ;upon which the earl of Richmond is proclaimedking under the name of Henry VII.
1499 1 tSo King {ferny of England unites the houses of York
and Lancaster, by marrying Elizabeth, eldestdaughter of Edward IV.
MO! 1187 The English king defeats the impostor Lambert Sym-nel at Stoke.
?i9d .1492 The English king receives of the French king, as acompromise for his claim on that crown, 180,250/.besides 25,000 crowns yearly.
America first discovered by Columbus, Oct. 11.
The Turks with a great power, botli by sea and land,invade the inhabitants of the hills of Greece, andreduce them to their empire.
\lexander VI. succeeds Innocent VHI. in the pope-dom.
Aboutthis time the venereal disease made ils first ap-pearance in Europe.
5500 1490 In Italy a stone of a very large size fell out of the
air, which by the viofence of the fall was brokeninto three pieces n the colour of this stone was asif it had been burned with fire.
At this time a friar, named Jerome Savonarola,preached at Florence in Italy, among whose say-ings were the following: “ Thai Italy should hepurged with the scourges of God for the manifoldoffences of tire princes, as well of the clergy asthe laity ; and that after the subversion of Florenceand Rome should follow- a reformation and re-dress in tlie church; and, moreover, that oneshould come over the Alps, like to Cyrus, whichshould subvert and destroy Italy.”
5302 1498 'I'lie Turks take Methon, Nan pactum, and Dyrrha-
chium, from the Venetians, and with sword andfire spoiled the province of Foriulii.
5505 1501 The French, by the advice of the Roman pontiff,
march an army against the Turks; but engagingthem at Mitylene, are defeated.
5506 1502 A great pestilence in Germany.
The French brought Naples under their dominion;but are soon after obliged to abandon it by Fer-dinand, the Spanish king.
£507 1503 Pius III. succeeds Alexander VI. in the popedom;
and 30 days after Pius HI. is succeded by Ju-lius II.
551L 1507 Maximilian, emperor of Germany, begins a crueland long war against the Venetians, during whichmany great battles are fought with different suc-cesses. By this war the Venetians lost many oftheir chief cities.
5512 1508 A great earthquake at Constantinople, which threw
down, among many other buildings, the palace ofthe Turkish sultan.
5513 1509 Henry VII. king of England, dies of a consumption
at Richmond, April 22; and is succeeded by iiisson Henry V111. who on June 3, following, mar-ries Catherine, infanta of Spain, widow of his bro-ther Arthur.
The Roman bishop, by force of arms, takes Ravenna,Imola, and other places which were in possessionof tlie Venetians.
5514 1510 The famous and great learned man Erasmus of Rot-
terdam flourished.
5516 1512 On Easter-day a great battle was fought near Ravenna
between the French king and the pope, in whichtlie pope’s army was discomfited with the loss of16,000 of his soldiers slain.
£517 1513 Selymus I. succeeds Uajazct 11. in tlie Turkish em-
pire.
A.M. A.D.
5517 1513 Leo X. succeeds Julius II. in the popedom.
5520 1516 This year there was so hard a frost in England, that
persons could easily pass with carts over the riverThames from Lambeth to Westminster.
5521 1517 A great famine and pestilence in many places.
Cardinal Cam pci us, tlie pope’s legate, comes fromRome on an embassy to king Henry VIII. andwas received w ith great pomp by means of cardi-nal Thomas Wolsey, who then had great influenceat court.
Leo X. bishop of Rome, as was usual with his pre-decessors, sends a general pardon and remissionof sins, as also license of several tilings, to a greatmany countries, among which were included allparts of Germany; whereupon Martin Luther,au Augustine friar, first begins to preacli to thepeople against pardons, and writes upon this sub-ject to the bishop of Mentz, and also to the pope.Luther shortly after proposed certain questionsrelating to pardons, purgatory, and true charity,by which means, lie brought t’-ese tilings into con-troversy which before durst not be spoken of.
Selymus I. sultan of tlie Turks, defeats the sultan of’Egypt, and adds Syria and Egypt to the Turkishempire.
Leo X. understanding that there was a conspiracy ofthe cardinals against him, punishes some by im-prisonment, others by death, and elects 31 newcardinals.
5522 1518 Selymus I. emperor of.lhe Turks, after he had sub-
dued Egypt, Syria, l’hanicia, Palestine, anddriven out. of Armenia tlie king of Persia, returnsinto Europe with great rapidity, and laid siege tothe city of Belgrade.
Martin Luther, under tlie defence and maintenanceof Frederic, duke of Saxony, preached and wroteopenly against tlie pope’s usurped pow er ; and inprocess of time unmasked the w hore of Babylon,and gave warning to the whole world to bewareof her poisoned cups of idolatry and blasphemy,by which she had, for many centuries, bewitchedand intoxicated all the princes of Christendom.The whole of Germany soon after forsook thebishop of Rome, and reformed by little and littletlie whole state of religion among them.
5523 1519 Solyman, the Pith emperor of the Turks, succeeds
his father Selymus.
5524 1520 The bishop of Rome on the 6th day of June sends
letters to Frederic duke of Saxony, and also adecree, wherein he condemned Luther’s doctrineas heretical, and unless he would recant within(iO days proclaims him a heretic.
Luther burns all tlie decretals of tlie bishops of Rome,as wicked, and containing many things,dishonor-able both to God and Christian magistrates.
5525 1521 Leo, bishop of Rome, on Palm-Sunday, as was usual
every year for a long time back, cursed openlyseveral persons, as most detestable heretics ; amongwhom were chiefly Luther and his followers.
Tlie emperor of Germany declares Luther out of tlieprotection of tlie empire, so that it was lawful forany person to kill or take him.
The English king obtains the title of Defender of theFaith, for writing against Luther.
Leo X. dies, it is supposed, by poison, and is suc-ceeded in the popedom by Adrian VI.
Solvman, the Turkish sultan, conquers Belgrade, andharrasses the Hungarians.
5526 1&J2 Luther exhorts the people of Bohemia to stand in the
truth of tlie gospel preached to them by Iluss,and to forsake the tyranny ot the church ofRome.
The bishop of Rome send letters to the council ofArgentine, charging them that they should not9 suffer