760

CHRONOLOGY.

UK

A. M. A. IX

S358 1551 Lady Jane Grey, cousin of Edward \ I. beheaded

at the Tower on Feb. 12, by order of queenMary.

Queen Mary of England labours all in her power tore-establish popery.

5550 1555 Marcellus II. succeeds Julius III. in the popedom ;

and Marcellm holding it only 22 days is succeed-ed by Paul IV.

The bishops Latimer and Ridley burnt at Oxford inOctober.

5561 1557 The bishops in England still continued to burn men

for matters of religion; so that in the course ofthis year to the number of 67 were executed, 20of whom were women.

5562 155S Calais taken by the French after it had been in the

i possession of the English ever since the 20th year

of the reign of Edward III.lathe course of this year several were burned indifferent parts of England for the cause of religion.In June seven were burned at one fire in Smith-field, in July at Brainford six were burned at onelire, and at Norwich, Colchester, Ipswich, Bury,&c. many sulfered death.

On the 17th of November, Queen Mary dies of adropsy, and is succeeded ,in the kingdom of Eng-land bv her sister Elizabeth, who begins her reignby undoing what the late queen her sister had en-acted in favour of popery.

5563 1559 Pope Paul IV. dies, and is succeeded by Pius IV.

5564 1560 The pope tries, in vain, to persuade queen Elizabeth

to embrace popery.

The states of'Scotland establish the reformation, anddestroy all the monasteries, Dec. 5.

Mary of Scotland resigns the title of queen of England.

5565 1561 This year gunpowder was first made in England;

and a fine mine of copper discovered in Cum-berland.

--'5566 1562 Battle of Dreux gained by the constable of Mont-

morenci over the Calvinists.

The countess of Lenox holding a secret correspon-dence with Mary, queen of Scots, she and herhusband are imprisoned.

5569 1565 The courts of France and Spain have an interview at

Bayonne, wherein they resolve to extirpate theheretics.

5570 1566 Several great men in the Low Countries form a con-

federacy against the setting up of the inquisitionthere.

Pius V. succeeds Pius IV. in the popedom.

5571 1567 Shan O’Neal raises a rebellion in Ireland, but he is

slain by his own people.

A battle is fought at the gates of Paris, wherein theconstable Montmorenci is slain. This constablewas in the service of five kings, and fought in twohundred battles.

5572 1568 The Huguenots, being persecuted in France, apply

to queen Elizabeth for assistance, who sends them100,000 crowns of gold, with a good train of ar-tillery.

The duke of Alva persecutes so severely the Pro-testants in the Low Countries, that the prince ofOrange is obliged to retire among the Huguenotsof France, and great numbers of Flemish familiescome and settle in England.

A new translation of the Bible into English, com-monly called the Bishop’s Bible, was publishedthis year.

5573 1569 The battle of Jarnac is fought wherein the Prince of

Conde, general of the Huguenots, is slain,March 13.

The Huguenots are defeated at the battle of Mon-contour in October.

The duke of Alva continues his oppressions in theLow Countries, and sets up an inquisition there.

A.M.A.l).

5575 1571 Great sea-fight off Lepanto, Oct. 7, gained over the

Turks by Don Juan of Austria; in which 130gullies were taken.

5576 1572 The massacre of St. Bartholomew’s eve, when ad.

miral Chatillon and the Huguenots are butcheredat Paris, to the amount of 70,000 persons.

Gregory XIII. succeeds Pius V. in the popedom.

5584 1580 Francis Drake returns to England from his voyage

round the world, on Nov. 3. lie sailed fromPlymouth Dec. 13, A. D. 1577.

Philip II. of Spain takes possession of the throne ofPortugal vacant by the death of king Henry III,

5586 1582 Pope Gregory XIII. reforms the calendar.

5589 1585 Pope Gregory XIII. dies ; he is succeeded by Six-tus V. w ho excommunicates the king of Navarreand the Prince of Condi*.

Sir Walter Raleigh carries the first English colony toVirginia.

5589 1585 Ralph Lane brings the first tobacco into England.

John Davis, who endeavoured to find a passage toChina by the north of America, discovers a newstrait in the Northern Sea under the polar circle.

Henry HI. the French king, is compelled, bythe intrigues of the duke ol Guise, to forsake theDuke of Navarre, to publish an edict against theHuguenots, and to join with the Duke in extir-pating them.

5591 1587 Mary Stuart, queen of Scots, beheaded, Feb. 8.

Philip H. king of Spain, prepares to invade England.Pope Sixtus sides with Philip II. against England ;and thunders out a bull against Queen Elizabeth,absolving her subjects from their oath of allegiance,and giving her kingdoms to the first that shouldseize them.

5592 1588 The Duke of Guise’s faction prepare to attack king

Henry III. and chain the streets, which was calledthe buricadoes of Paris.

The Spanish Armada, sirnamed the Invincible, (de-signed for invading England) after three year’spreparation, sails out of the Tajo, May 19, underthe command of Alfonzo Perez de Guzman, dukeof Medina Sidonia; consisting of 132 ships, be-sides 20 caravels for the service of the army, and10 salves with six oars a-piece. They fiad notlong been at sea, before they were dispersed bya violent storm ; but being rejoined, they sail alltogether from the Groyne, July 12. They enterthe English Channel on July 20, and from thatday to the 27th have several sharp engagementswith the English fleet. On the 27th the SpanishArmada comes to anchor of! Calais, intending forDunkirk, where they were to be joined by theduke of Parma. But the English admiral sendseight fire-ships among them, which puts the wholeSpanish fleet into such a consternation, that theycut their cables, and are dispersed. Some of theirships fall into the hands of the English and Zea-landers. After this the Spaniards would have re-treated through.the Straits of Calais, but the windbeing boisterous and contrary, they resolve tore-turn to Spain by the north of Scotland. On thecoast of Scotland and Ireland they lose 19 ship?and 5394 men, and iu the whole 35 ships andabove 13,000 men. The English only lost oneship and about !00 men.

Ilenry HI. king of Prance, causes the duke of Guiseand his brother, the cardinal of Lorrain, to beassassinated.

5593 1589 Vigo taken and burnt by the English.

The leaguers in France stir up almost the whole king-dom to a revolt against king Ilenry III. who isforced to call in the. king ot Navarre and theHuguenots to his assistance, lie lays siege toParis; but is stabbed in the belly with a dagger

by