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CHRONOLOGY.
A. M. A.D.
5640 1636 King Charles l. gives instructions to the bishops in
Scotland about settling a conformity in that king-dom with the church of England. 1’his measureof the British king causes great dissensions in Scot-land, and soon after issues in a war with the twocountries.
5344 1640 The Scots army enter England, but soon after a
truce is concluded between them and the English.
The Portuguese shake off the Spanish yoke, andproclaim John, duke of Braganza, their king.
The city of Turin, after having made 29 sorties, sur-renders to the earl of Ilaroonrt.
5645 1641 The rebellion breaks out in Ireland. Oct. 23.
5646 1642 Civil wars begin in England between the king and
his parliament.
King Charles sets up his standard at Nottingham,August 22.
Battle of Powick-Bridge near Worcester in whichPrince Rupert gets the advantage, Sept. 22.
Battle of Edgehill, in w hich the king got a slight vic-tory, Oct. 23.
5047 1643 The first battle of Newbury, in w hich the Parliamen-
tarians remained masters of the held, Sept. 20.
Battle of Rocroy, in which the Prince of Coude de-feated the Spaniards.
Invasion of China by the Tartars.
5648 4644 Innocent X. succeeds Urban VIII. in the,popedom.
The battle of Marston Moor in Yorkshire, in whichPrince Rupert is defeated, and about 9000 killedon both sides, July 2.
The second battle of Newbury is fought, Oct. 27,in which king Charles lost 3000 men and theParliament 2500. The king withdraws in thenight to Wallingford, leaving his heavy cannonand baggage in Dennington Castle.
5649 1645 The battle of Naseby in Northamptonshire is fought,
June 14, in which the king is entirely routed,and loses all his artillery and baggage, and evenhis cabinet of papers. After this defeat theking retires into Wales, and Prince Rupert toBristol.
King Charles is defeated near Chester, Sept. 24.
5651 1647 Colonel Jones obtains a great victory over the Irish
rebels near Trym, Aug. 8.
5653 1649 King Charles I. is beheaded, Jan. 30, * before the
banqueting-hense at Whitehall, after a trouble-some reign of 23 years, 10 months, and 3 days,being aged 48 years, 2 months, anil 11 days ; andwas buried the 9th of February following in kingHenry the Eighth’s vault, in bt. George’s chapelat Windsor.
Oliver Cromwell is made lord lieutenant of Ireland,May. He marches against the Irish rebels, andis successful.
5654 1630 The Scotch take up arms in favour of Charles, son
of 'he l^te monarch, and muster an army of above30,000 men. Oliver Cromwell is recalled fromIreland by the Parliament to go against them, andenters Scotland at the head of 19,000 men.
5655 1651 King Charles II. is crowned at Scoon in Scotland,
Jan. 1.
Battle of Worcester, September 3, in which kingCharles H. is entirely routed by Oliver Crom-well. His majesty escapes with great difficulty,and hides himself in the royal oak.
5C56 1652 The English are formidable at sea, and take a great
number of Dutch ships.
5657 1653 Pope Alexander VII. succeeds Innocent X.
Cromwell, by his own authority, turns all the mem-bers out of the House, anil dissolves the Paiha-ire nt, April 20.
The Dutch and English fleets have an engagementnear live Downs, in which the latter are worsted,June 2.
A.M.A.D.
5657 1653 The Parliament resigns the sovereign power into the
hands of Cromwell, and of the council of officers,Decemher 12 ; and the council of officerschoose Oliver Cromwell protector of England,Scotland, and Ireland.
5659 1655 Jamaica taken by the English, May 7.
George Fox, the first of the Quakers.
5661 1657 The Parliament otters Cromwell the title of king,
which he refuses, May 8.
5662 1658 The battle of the Dunes in which the Spaniards are
defeated, June 14.
Oliver Cromwell dies, Sept. 3, and is succeeded inthe oflice of protector by his eldest son RichardCromu ell.
Spring pocket watches invented by Hook.
3663 1659 '1 he peace of the Pyrenees concluded, which ends
the war between France ami Spain.
5664 1660 The commonwealth of England abolished by the re-
storation of king Charles 11. May 29.
Aureng-Zel) seizes the Mogul empire.
Royal Society, London, instituted, Dec. 30.
5665 1661 'The English court begins to persecute the Presbyte-
rians.
5666 1662 King Charles II. gives his assent to the act of Uni-
formity, in May.
5668 1664 Battle of Raab, in which Montecuculli defeated the
Othmans.
5669 1665 Tke manufacture of painted calicoes established at
Paris.
The plague commits terrible ravages in London ; s®that i'll less than a year there died of it 68,596persons.
5670 1666 Louis XIV. king of France, declares war against
England.
The Academy of Sciences founded at Paris.
A most dreadful fire breaks out in London, whichconsumes 13,200 dwelling-houses.
A proclamation issued by king Charles II. for ba-nishing the priests and Jesuits out of the king-dom.
5671 1667 Casimir, king of Poland, abdicates the crown.
Louis XIV. king of France, invades the Nether-lands.
The peace of Breda is concluded between England,Denmark, Holland, and France, July 21.
, King Charles lays the first stone of flic foundation ofthe Royal Exchange, Oct. 23.
5672 1668 The triple alliance between England, Holland, and
Sweden, is concluded, Jan. 23.
Louis XIV. makes himself master of Tranche ComtC*in less than a fortnight.
Peace of Aix-lu-Chapelle, by which France preservssall her conquests m Flanders, May 2.
Pope Clement IX. succeeds Alexander VII.
5673 1669 Camlia taken by the Turks after a war of 24 years,
in which space of time the'Turks are said to havehad upwards of 200,000 of their own menkilled.
5674 1670 Marshal de CW'qui makes himself master of Lor-
raine.
Henry Jenkins dies in this year aged 169 years.
Pope Clement X. succeeds Clement IX.
5676 1672 England declares war against the Dutch, March 17.
"The king of France also declares war against theDnl< h.
Louis XIV'. makes himself master of several placesupon the Rhine, swims over that river, takes allGuelderland, and the towns upon the Issel, andalso Utrecht.
The bishop of Munster ravages the province of Over-issel, and falls upon Friesland and Groninghen.Mohammed IV. the'Turkish sultan, takes Kaminiecfrom the Poles; and 48 towns and villages in (heterritory of Kaminiec are delivered up to the
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