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CONllyER.E, in botany, the name of one of the orders ofLimmis’s fragments of a natural method, consisting of plantswhose female dowel's, placed at a distance from the male either onthe same or distinct roots, are formed into a cone. Of this orderare the Abies, Cypresses, &c. All the conifers; yield a resinwhich renders most of them evergreen. The fruit in all is bien-nial, being produced in the spring, but not ripening and droppingits seeds until the spring after.

CONIGLIANO, a town of Italy, in the marquisate of Trevi-sano, and late Venetian territories ; ceded by the French tothe emperor, in 1797. Lon. 12. 40. F.. Lat. 45. 50. N.

CO NIL, a town of Spain, in Andalusia, 18 miles S. S. E. ofCadiz.

CONIX, or KONIN, a town of Poland, in the palatinate ofKaliseh, 18 miles S. S. E. of Guesne.

CONINGSBECK, or COXINGSECK, a county of Ger-mane, in the circle of Suabia.

Coningseck, the capital of the count)’, 20 miles X. of Con-stance. Lon. 9- 20. E. Eat. 47. 50. N.

CONJOINT Degrees, in music, two notes which imme-diately follow each other in the order of the scale ; as ut and re.

Conjoint Tetrachords, two tetrachords, or fourths, wherethe same chord is the highest of one and the lowest of theother.

CONITZ, or CHOINITZ, a town of Poland, in Pomerclla,'40 miles S. of Dantzic.

CONJUGATE Axis. See Conic Sections.

Conjugate Hyperbola. See Conic Sections.

CONJUGATION, [coujugatio, Eat.] in*grammar, a regulardistribution of the several imlexions of verbs in their differentvoices, moods, tenses, numbers, and persons, so as to distinguishthem from one another. See Grammar and Language.

CONTUM, Hemlock : a genus of the digynia order, and pen-tandria class of plants; natural order, Umbellalx. Partial involu-cra halved, mostly triphyllous ; fruit subglobose, quinque-striated,the striae crenated on each side. There are five species.

C. Akricanum, with prickly seeds, is a native of the Cape ofGood Hope, and rarely grows above nine inches high ; the lowerleaves are divided like those of the small w ild rue, and are of agreyish colour.

0. Maculatum, or the greater hemlock, grows naturally onthe sides of banks and roads in many parts of Britain. 11 is a bien-nial plant which perishes after it has ripened its seeds. It has along taper root like a parsnip, but smaller. The stalks are termi-nated by umbels of white flow ers, each composed of about ten raysor small" umbels, and have a great number of flow ers which spreadopen, each sitting upon a distinct footstalk; the seeds are smalland channelled, ami like those of anniseed. It flowers in June,and the seeds ripen in autumn. This species is sometimes ap-plied externally, in the form of decoction, infusion, or poultice, asa discutient.

CONJUNCTION, in astronomy, the meeting of two stars orplanets in the same degree of the zodiac. See Astronomy.

Conjunction, in grammar, an indeclinable word or particle,which serves to join words and sentences together, and therebyshews their relation or depcndance one upon another. SeeGrammar.

CONJURATION, properly implies magic words, characters,or ceremonies, whereby evil spirits, tempests, &c. are supposedto be raised, or driven away. The Romish priests pretend to ex-pel devils, by preparing holy water in a particular manner, andsprinkling it over the possessed, with a number of conjurations andexorcisms. Some authors make the difference between conjura-tion and witchcraft to consist in this; that the former effects itsend by prayers and invocation of God’s name, &c. to compel thedevil to do what is desired ; so that the conjurer is supposed to heat war with the devil, and that evil spirit to act merely out of con-straint: whereas the latter attains its end by an immediate appli-cation to the devil himself; and the devil’s complaisance is sup-posed to he the consequence of some compact between them, sothat the devil and the witch have a good understanding together.Both these, again, differ from enchantment and sorcery ; in thatthese latter operate secretly and slowly by spells, charms, &c.without invoking the devil.

CONKERE, a town in Chinese Tartary. Lon. 102. 10. E.Lat. 44. 50. N.

CONLIE, a town of France, in the department of Sarte, 10miles N. \V. of Mans.

CONNARUS, Ceylon Sumach : a genus of the decandriaorder, and monodelphia class of plants. Stigma simple ; Capsulebivalved, unilocular, and monospermous. 'I nere are live species,natives of warm climates.

CONNAUGHT, the most western of the four provinces ofIreland, bounded on the E. by that of Leinster, on the \Y. by theocean, on the N. and N. \V. by part of the ocean and province ofUlster, and on the S. and S. E. by Munster. It is 130 miles long,and 84 broad ; and was anciently a kingdom. It has no rivers ofnote besides the Shannon. It has several convenient hays andcreeks, and is fertile in many places. It contains live counties; viz.Leitrim, Sligo, Mayo, Roscommon, and Galway ; which compre-hend 1 archbishopric, 5 b;si oprics’, 7 market-towns, 8 places oftrade, 10 boroughs, that seim members to parliament, about 47,256houses, 24 old castles, besides fortresses that have been' recentlyerected, and 330 parishes. Galway is the chief town.

CONNAUX, a town o France, in the department of Gard,9 miles N. E. of Uzes.

CONNECTICUT, a large river of North America, the mostconsiderable one in the eastern part of the United States. It risesin the high lands which separate the states of Vermont and NewHampshire from Lower Canada. Its course is generally S. S. W.until it reaches the city of Middleton ; after which it runs a S. S.E. course to its mouth.

Connecticut, one of the United States of North America,called by the ancient natives Quumiihticut, is situated between41. 0. and 42. 2. lat. N. and between 71.20. and 73. 15. Ion. W.Its greatest breadth is 72 miles, its length 100 miles. It is hound-ed on the N. by Massachusetts, on the E. by Rhode Island; onthe S. by the sound which divides it from Long Island, and onthe W. by the slate of New York. This state contains about4074 square miles ; equal to about 2,640,000 acres. Connecticut,though subject to the extremes of heat and cold, as well as to fre-quent and sudden changes, is very healthful. From accurate cal-culation it is found, that about one in eight live to the age of se-venty and upwards; one in thirteen to eighty, and one in aboutthirty to ninety years of age. In the maritime tow ns the weatheris variable, according as the wind blows from the sea or land. Inthe inland country it is less variable. Its principal productionsare Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, and barley, which are heavy andgood ; buck wheat, flax, henqS, potatoes of several kinds ; pump-kins, turnips, peas, beans, and fruits of ail kinds. '1 he soil is wellcalculated for pasture and hay, which enables the farmers to feedlarge numbers of neat cattle and horses. The beef, pork, butter,anil cheese, of Connecticut, are equal to any in the world. Con-necticut is divided into eit>ht counties, viz. Hartford, New Haven,New London, Fairlicld, 'Windham, Litcldield, Middlesex, andTolland. The counties are subdivided into upwards of 100 town-ships ; each of which is a corporation, invested with power to holdlands, choose their own ofiieers, to make prudential laws, the pe-nalty of transgression not to exceed 20.?. and to choose their ow nrepresentatives to the general assembly.

CONNECTIVES, in grammar, one of the four species underwhich, according to Mr. Harris, all words may he included. Theyare of two kinds ; and as they connect sentences or words, arecalled by the different names of conjunctions and prepositions.See Grammar.

CONN EES, a town of the United States, in Pennsylvania, 25miles W. S. \V. of ChamberJmig.

CONNF.RE, a town of France, in the department of Sarte,12 miles E. N. E. of Mans.

CONN EXION, the relation whereby one thing adheres to, ordepends upon, another. Such is the relation between Euclid’spropositions, that the latter cannot subsist hut by its connexion w iththe former.

Connexion, or Continuity, in the drama, consists in thejoining of the several scenes together. The connexion is said tobe observed, when the scenes of an act succeed one another im-mediatelv, and are so joined as that the staae is never left empty.

CONNIVENTES Valvule, or CONN1VKNT Valves,in anatomy, wrinkles, cellules, and vascules, in the inside of theilium and jejunum. See Anatomy.

CONNOISSEUR, [from comwitre, French, to know,] lite-rally signifies a person well versed in any thing ; and is used for

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