DAK.
D A M
9S
lights, as they admit a free circulation of the air. It has, how-ever, been objected, that the former afford access to the cold airof winter, and to the suit in summer ; but either may be easily re-medied, by making the frame somewhat larger than the lattice,and constructing it >o as to slide backward and forward at plea-sure. Across this frame, packthread may he stretched, and oiledpaper pasted on it, which will thus admit the light, and effectuallykeep out the sun and wind. During the summer, dairy-housescannot be kept too cool ; they ought therefore to be erected, ifpossible, near a cold spring, or running water ; and, where it ispracticable to conduct a small stream through the premises, it willmuch contribute to the convenience and utility of the place. Dr.Anderson observes, in his practical essay on the management ofthe dairy (published in the 3d anil 4th vois of his ingenious “ Re-creations in Agriculture,” &c.) that, if the water can be introducedby means of a pipe, so as to fail from some height on the floor, itwill be productive of many advantages, particularly by preservinga continual freshness and purity of the air. Dairy-houses shouldtherefore be neatly paved, either with red brick, or smooth bardstone, and laid with a proper descent, so that no water may stag-nate. This pavement should be well washed every dav duringthe summer; and all the utensils, here employed, be kept withunremitting attention to cleanliness. N or should the churns beat any time scalded in the dairy; as the steam arising from hotwater, tends greatly to injure the milk. For similar reasons, nei-ther the cheese and rennet, nor the cheese-press, must be sufferedto taint the atmosphere; as the whey and.curd will diffuse theiracidity over the whole building. All the utensils of the dairyshould be made of wood, in preference either to lead, copper, orcast-iron ; for these metals are easily soluble in acids; the solu-tions of the two first are in a high degree poisonous; and, thoughthe latter is in itself harmless, the taste of it renders the produc-tions of the dairy very disagreeable. The cream-dishes, whenperfectly clean and cool, or.gl.t to he tilled with the milk, as soonas it is draivn from the cow, and has been carefully strained througha cloth, or eloth-sieve made of hair or silver-wire ; the latter ofwhich, as Dr. Anderson justly remarks, is more wholesome thanthose of other metals. These dishes should never exceed threeinches in depth, but may he so wide as to contain a gallon and ahalf of milk—when filled, they ought to he placed on shelves, tol’emain there till the cream be completely separated. Now it isto he taken etf with nicety, bv a skimming-dish (without liftingor removing the milk, or shedding any of it on the floor, whichwould soon corrupt the air of the room), and then deposited in aseparate vessel, till a proper quantity he collected for churning.A firm, neat, wooden barrel, which is open at one end, and has alid closely fitted to it, appears to he well calculated for this pur-pose; acock or spigot, ought also to he fixed near the bottom,to draw off the thin, or serous part, that may drain from the cream;and the inner side of the opening should be covered with a pieceof fine silver wire-gauze, in order to prevent the latter fromescaping, while the former is allowed to pass. But, if notwith-standing the fatal consequences arising from the use of metallicutensils, or of earthen vessels glazed with lead, farmers still per-sist in employing them, it ought to he a constant and indispensablerule, to scald and scour them properly with salt and water, everyday, and to dry them thoroughly, before the milk is deposited inthem. Lastly, it is sincerely to be wished, that all the utensilsemployed in the dairy, of whatever materials they may consist,should he cleaned with similar care, previously to their being used ;and, as long as the least acid smell is perceptible, they ought toundergo repeated scourings, till they are completely sweetened.
DAIS, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and decandriaclass of plants, and natural order, Vepreculat. Involucrum tetra-phyllous; corolla quadrifid, or quinquefid ; berry one-seeded.Three species.
DALBERGIA, in botany, a genus of the diadtdphia decan-dria class and order ; natural order Papilionacea;, or Leguminosse.Filaments two, four-cleft at top. Fruit pedicelled, not opening,lf-guminose, membranaceous, compressed. There are two species,viz. D. lanc< .Maria and D. monetaria; the former is native of Ma-labar and Ceylon, the latter of Surinam .
DAISY. See Bellis.
DAK I R, in our statutes, is used for the 20th part of a last ofhides. According to the statute of 15 lien. Ill, De composi-
tione ponderum & mensurarum, a last of hides consists of 20 da*kirs, and every dakir of fen hides. But by 1 Jac. cap. 33, onelast of hides or skins is 12 dozen.
DAI.EA, DAl.lA.or DAAI-, a province of Sweden boundedon the N. hv Dalecarlia, on the E. hv the Wermeland and thelake Wenaction the S. by Gothland, and the W. by Norway amithe sea.
DALEBURG, a town in Sweden , capital of Dalia, 50 milesnorth of Gottenhurg.
DALECARLIA, a province of Sweden , hounded on the N.by llilsingland: on the E. by Gestricca; on the S. by Warm-land, and on the \V. by Norway . It is divided into two parts,which they call valleys’; and is about 175 miles in length and 100in breadth. It is full of mountains, which abound in mines ofcopper and iron, some o* which are of a prodigious depth.
Dai.kcari.ia, a river cf Sweden .
DALECHAMPIA, in botany, a genus of the monadelphiaorder, and moncecia class of plants ; natural order, 1 ricocca:. In-volucrum of the male common, quadripartite ) calyces hexaphyl-lous; corolla none ; nectarium laminated or scaly; female invo-lucrum common and triphyllous; corolla none; style one; cap-sule tricoccous. Two species : D. Scundens, a climbing plant,native of Jamaica ; and 1). Colorata, lound in New Granada.
DALEM, or DALEN, a town of Eranee, in the departmentof Ourte, 5 miles N. E. of Liege .
DALKEITH, a town in Scotland, 6 miles S. E. of Edin-burgh .
DALKEY, a small island , in St. George’s channel, near thecoast of Ireland, a little to the S. of Dublin hay. Eon. 0. 5. W .Eat. 53. 20. N.
D A LM AN UTII A, in ancient geography, a city of Judxa,on the E. side of the sea of Tiberias, either the same with Mag-dala, or situated near it. Hence Mark says, (Cli. viii. 10,) thatour Saviour and his disciples landed in tlie parts of Dalmanutha;while Matthew, (xv. 39,) recording the same fad, says that hecame into the coasts of Magdala.
DALMATIA, a country of Europe , hounded on the N. byBosnia and Croatia , on the’E. by Servia, and on the S. aud W. bythe Adriatic. The air is wholesome, and the soil fruitful. Itabounds in wine, corn, and oil. Its rivers have no long course,hut are mostly navigable. The mountains abound with minerals,and are covered with sheep and black cattle. Gold and silvermines are’ in some of them.
DALRYMPLE, Sir David, of Hailes, Bart, a late eminentand learned judge of Scotland, was horn in Edinburgh , Oct. 28,1726. His father Sir James Dairymplc, Bart, was the son of SirDavid, Lord Advocate under K. George I. and grandson ot thefirst earl of Stair. His mother, Lady Christian Hamilton, wasdaughter of the E. of Hadinton. He was educated at Eton andat Utrecht . In 1748 he was called to the Scotch bar, and in1766 appointed a judge, on which occasion he took the title oflord Hailes. He died in 1792, leaving two daughters. He pub-lished a number of books, as “ Memoirs and Letters relating to theHistory of Britain in the Reigns of James I. and Cliarles I.” in twovols. “ Remarks on the History of Scotland,” 12mo. ; “Annals ofScotland,” 4to. 2 vols.; “Remains of Christian Antiquity,” 3 vols.several Memoirs intended for a Biographia Seotiea ; “ Papers in theWorld and Mirror,” &c. He lias also left many valuable MSS.
DALTON, a town of England in Lancashire . Lon. 30. 0.W. Lat. 54. 18. N.
DAMA, in zoology. See Cervus.
DAMAN, or DAMAUN, a sea-port town of the East Indies,at the entrance of the gulph of Cambay. Lon. 72.25. E. Lat.20. 20. N.
DAMAR, a town of Arabia, in the country of Oman , 70 milesN. of Oman .
DAMASCENE. See Prunds.
DAMASCENUS, John, an illustrious father of the church inthe 8th century, horn at Damascus , where his father, though aChristian, enjoyed the office of counsellor of state to the Saracen caliph; to which the son succeeded. He retired afterwards tothe monastery of St. Sabas, and spent the remainder of his lifein writing hooks of divinity. His works have been often print-ed : but the Paris edition in 1712, two vols. folio, is esteemedthe best.