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of Syr a, and the former signifying.fruitful, a proper epithet forthis,country, which is really sa to a very high degree, especially,on the N.siae, where it yields corn, wine, oil, fruits, and all thenecessaries of life, in great abundance. '1 h« principal towns are,Diarbekir, Rika, Momsul, Orsa.or Edessa, Elbir, Nisibis , GezirMerdin, Zibin, (Jr of the Clmldees, Amad, and Cara; am. Diar-bekir, the capital, is CDO miles N. W, of Ispahan, and 540K. S. E. of Constantinople .
DIARRHOEA, [A«#«»,] in medicine, is aJivigieDt and copiousevacuation of liquid excrement, by stool. See Medicine.
DIARY, [diurium, Lab] an account of the transactions, ac-cidents, and observations, of every day; a journal.
D1 ASCII ISM, among musicians, denotes the difference be-tween the comma and enharmonic diesis, commonly called theless i omnia.
DlAbCORDIUM, in pharmacy, a.celebrated.composition, socalled from -cordium, one of its ingredients.
DiASlA, [juiria,] in antiquity, a festival held at Athens, inhonour of Jupiter.
DIASTOLE, among physicians, signifies, the dilata,
tioii of the heart, auricles, and arteries ; and stands opposid-tothe.sysiole,- or contraction of the-same parts. See Anatomy.
Diastole, in grammar, a figure pf.prosudy, whereby a syllablenatur..lly short is ntr.de long: such is, the first syllable of Priatn-ides, in tiic-oilou ng verse, of Virgil.
AUiue:!.!'- Priamides : nihil: o tihi, amice relictuin.
This figure i: userl eitiier out of mere poetic licence without anynecessity torso doing, or tliKOUgh necessity, for the sake of thever-: ; is when truce or' more short syllables.follow, each other inhexameter verse.
DiAfS.liYLE-, acd.cvA'sfv a.piilap,] ip-ardbiterture, a-sortof edifice where t. e pillaohstamliat sum a distance from oneano-thee, that three.diameters, ot their thickness are allowed for inter-columniation.
-DIAS-VAMUS, in rhetoric, a kind of.hyperbole, being.an-ex-»gderation of some low, ridiculous thing.
D1 AT1.SSERGN, [of Jib aud four] an interval in
music, compo.,etl oft one greater, one .less, aud one greater-semi-tone ; its proportion-beintyas 4 ta3; . It is called,.in musical com-position, a perfect fourth.
DIATHESIS, [.iinSwt;, i.,(. disposition] the natural or prats,tematural disposition,of the body. “Thk.term-, soys Mr. Cham-bers, is used by some writers in the same, sense with constitution ;and by others, for a disposition of the .blood to a faulty state.”
D[ATHY:EUM, [trom «V,and a door,] in architecture, afence before a door.
DIATOXI, [iiKTivoi,] corner-stones.
DIATONIC, in music, ij >compounded of two Greek words,Viz. the preposition tut, signify ing, a transition from one thing, toanother, and the substantive to-.-o;, importing'a given degree - oftension aud musical note.' It is indifferently applied to a.scale orgamut, to.,intervals of. a certain kind, or'to a-species of music,whetl er in melody or harmony, composed of thesebutervals.- SebInterval.
DIATR.'E-T.E, in Roman antiquity, a-kimhof cups and vasesmaxlo of .the purest rock crystal, aud esteemed of - great, valtio rbeing enaravetl with various devices;
DIATUiAGACANTH, in pharmacy', a- name. applied to cer-tain. powders, of ttliirh gum tragacairttv-is the chief ingredient;
DIATRLBA, or DIATRIBE, a continued disoourse ; a placewhere disputations-are held.
IHATH4BCS; a composition of three ingredient-.
1 MATY POSTS, [cu'tvuirojo'ir,] in rhetoric, a lively description of
*«Y thinir.
DIA\0110 ) .rnaslaiid in'the Archipelago .
DIA-ZEDTIG Tone, [of lt» and ftuyn/w,] in. the ancientGrrelk music, disjoined two-fourths, one.•oneach-sitle- of it; andwhich-being j'oim-ii to eitiier, made a fifth. Thisds, in oiirnwisichorn A t*h., Tlifev allowed to this diazeutic tone, which is ourDv Mi; tlve proportion of nine to eight, as being the unalterabledifference of the fifth aud fourlh.
DIBBLE, or DIBBER, a simple but useful implement ingardening, for the.purpose of setting out'young plants, &c. Withintliesa few ..year*)'it has been, employed-for dibbling wheat, andthe whole-process consists in making perpendicular holes an inchaA<i a bsU'or.Avra. iiydivfr deep, in-the aauve. manner as » usually
done in planting polatoe-rools. These holes are made by a man, who hast a proper staff, shod with iron, in each hand; and, as-he--walks backwards, is able, by looking at the. part ontne row alreadyJforuned, to keep nearly in a.strait line, and to make- two holes at;o»ce, about four inches distant.from sot to set in thu rows. Twoor more children attend him, aud drop two, three, or four seeds-into every bole, which are afterwards'covered by. drawing over-them what is called a bush-lrarrow. This met hid is deservedly-;considered one of the greatest improvement* in apiculture, itappears to have originated from the planting of gram in a garden,
; from-mere curiosity, by persons who ne-tner designed, nor hadany. opportunity of extending it to a, lucrative purpose. Xor wasit attempted on a, larger scale, till an indu-lrious farmer, m thevicinity oOvorwkh, began to dibble oiv less than ;:n acre ot land;
] The success-.of. this experiment induced others to follow his i s-.ample, and notwithstanding tin: ridicule they incurred lor adoptsJing so singular a practic e, their crops were not only larger, but*'likewise, -o much superior, to those of others, that dibbling lias be-r coma tlie practice of e\ t:ry intelligent agriculturist in Norfolk ,whence, it lias spt:ead.into several other countries.
DICK, among. gamesters; cubical pieces of bone or ivory-,i marked with dots on each side ok their faces, from one to six.Sharper- have several ways of.falsitying dice.
DICERA, a genus .ofL the.polyandria moiiogyiiia class and or-der. Petals four or five, ovate and trilid ; nectarimn four or five, emarginate cyrpuscules; aniliers two, horned. It lias two species,
DIG110N DR1A, a genus of the class and order pentandria di-gynia. Calyx live-leaved; corolla rotate, inferior; capsule dicoc-. com One species, an herb of New: Zealand .
D [CHORD , [b;, and x 0 ^’ 1 -] the name given to the-two*stringod lyres said to have been invented by the Egyptian Mer-cury. Apollodorus accounts for its invention in the followingmanner. “ Mercury,” says lie, “walking on the banks of the riverNile , liappejied/lo strike bis foot against the shell of a tortoise,
■ the flesh.- of which . had been dried away by the heat of the sun,and nothing lefhof its contents but the nerves and cartilages; lieway so pleased: w ith the sound it produced, that lie hence con-Tuiyed the. idea-ol a lyre, which lie afterwards constructed in theform ofa tortoise, and strung It. with thu dried sinews of animals.”
DICHOTOMY-, [f;x«Toftm,] a .term used by. astronomers forthat appearance: on Tie moon, wherein she is bisected, or-shewsjust half her disk. In this situation the. moon. is.said to be in aquadrate aspect,, or to be in her quadrature, and is thus, representedby astronomer.' : □ © )
’ DICK-Eft, [fisc™, low Latin, ] im old writers, the quantity ofiten hides. It was also applied, to,other- articles; as ten pair ofgloves,, ten.bars, of iron, anti. the. like,
DiCKbON-i A in botany, a-gunns-of. the cryplogamia Alicesclass and.order. Natural, order, fiiices, or- ferns. Enictiliration*kidney-shaped, lying under.the edge of the frond at tho lower'surface; outer valve formed.of the.substance-oh the leaf itself ;•inner membranaceous; involucre,.double, one from the surface,jopeniug outwards; the other from the inflated : margin of theffnoml, often embracing the former, opening inwards; There are[thirteen species. D. arboreseens,- tree (iiok-onia, was- found by(Sir Joseph Banks,in : tiie island of Su Helena. It llowers most; part of the.winter.
D1CRA,. in-old.records, ten.
i DICRAN LEM; in botany, agon us of the class and order ervp-dogamia. musci. Capsule ovute, oblong.; fringe simple, of sixteenjinileeted, cloven teeth. This is a very numerous-genus.
' DIC.R1CH, a town of I-Vance, in the late Austrian Nether-lands , and provinc.e of Imxemburg, 15 miles N. of Luxemburg
DIGTAMNUB, White Dittany, or Eraxineli.a, a genus.of the monogynia order, and-deoaudria class of plants; naturalorder, . e. Calyx phntuphyllous; petals live, patulous;
filaments sprinkled with giarrUilous-points; the capsules five, coalit-ed. It has two species. They are very ornamental plants, andsucceed in any ot the common borde.rs. The dittany w hich growsin Crete, Dalmatia , and the Morea, formerly constituted an ar-ticle in the Materia Medic:;. The leaves in smell and taste some-what resemblo lemon thyme, but have more of an aromatic <la-vour, as well as a greater degree of pungency ; when fresh, theyyield a considerable quantity of essential oil.
DICTATE, [dictamen, Lat.] among schoolmen, a motion, os-
suggestion