D O M ITS D O M

coined in different parts of Germany and Holland ; and have theirsubdivisions, intosemi-doilars, quarter-do)lars, &c. See Monf.v.They are of various fineness and weight. In the Levant theDutch dollars are called astani, from the impression of a lion onthem.

DOI.LENDORF, a town of Germany, in Westphalia .

DOLEER EN, a river of France, in the department of the Up-per Rhine .

DOLPHIN , in ichthyology'. See Delphinus.

Dolphin of the Mast, in sea language, a peculiar kind ofwreath, formed of plaited cordage, to be fastened occasionallyTound the must*, as a support to the puddening, whose use is tosustain the weight of the fore and main yards in case the rigging orchains by which those yards are suspended should he shot away inthe time of battle ; a circumstance which might render their sailsuseless at a season when their assistance is extremely necessary.

Dolphin’s Island, an island in the straits of Magellan. Lon.7-1. 41. W. Lat. 53. 59- S.

DOM, or DON, [an abridgement of domnus, from dominus,]a title of honour, invented and chiefly used by the Spaniards, sig-nifying sir or lord. See Don.

Dom and Som, in old charters, signifies full property and juris-diction.

DOMAIN. See Demesne.

DOM AT, John, a celebrated French lawyer, born in 1625,who, observing the confused state of the laws, digested them in 4fols. 4to. under the title of The Civil Laws in their Natural Order:for which Louis XIV . settled on him a pension of 2000 livres.Donvat was intimate with the famous Pascal, who left him his pri-vate papers at his death: he died in 1696.

DOMAZL1ZE, a town of Bohemia , in the circle of Pilsen, 17miles S. of Pil-en.

DOMBACA, a small island near the coast of Ava, in the bay ofBengal. Lon. 94. 35. E. I.at. 17. 32. N.

DOMBES, a late principality of France , about 24 miles long,and 21 broad, lying on the >V. bank of the Soane. Trevoux wasthe capital. It now forms part of the department of Ain .

DOM BEY A, in botany, a genus of the class and order diceciamonadelphia. Male, calyx of the ament; scales terminated by aleaflet; corolla none; anthers ten or twelve, without filaments. Fe-male, calyx ament, with many germs; corolla none ; stigma bi-valve, unequal; seeds many, in a roundish strobile. There is onespecies, a tree of Chili.

LOME , [ domus , Lat. house,'] in architecture, is a roof of a he-mispherical form, raised over the middle of a building, as achurch, hall, pavilion, vestibule, stair-case, &c. by way of crown-ing. Domes are the same with what the Italians call cupolas;or, according to Vitruvius , tholi. They are usually made round;though we have instances of square ones; as those of the Louvre;and others that are polygons, as that of the ci-devant Jesuits churchin the Rue St. Antoine at Paris . They have usually columnsranged around their outsides, both by way of ornament, and tosupport the vault. See a plan and elevation of a circular domeconstructed w ithout entering: Plate LI V’. fig. 4. The first coursecousists of the stones marked J, 1, of different sizes (the large onesexactly twice the height of the small ones,) placed alternately,and forming intervals to receive the stones marked 2, which risehalf their height above the Large ones of the first course, and leavealternate intervals as before for those marked 3 : the other coursesare continued in the same manner, according to the order of thefigures, to the top. It is evident from the converging or wedge-like form of the intervals, that the stones they receive can only beinserted from the outside, and cannot fall through; therefore thewhole dome may be built without centering or temporary support.To break the upright joints, the stones may be cut of the form asat A, and those marked 16, 17, &c. near the key-stone, may beenlarged, as at B.

Dome, in chemistry, the upper part of furnaces, particularlyportable ones. It has the figure of a hollow hemisphere, or smailIlomc*. Its use is to form a space in the upper part of the furnace,the at • of which is continually expelled by the fire: hence the cur-rent of ric is considerably increased, which is obliged to enter bythe ash-hbie, and to pass through the lire, to supply the place ofthe air driver; from the dome. The form of this piece renders itproper to reflect or reverberate a part of the llame upon matters

which are in the furnace, which has occasioned this kind of furnace-to be called a reverberatory one. See Chemistry.

Dome, or Doom, signifies judgement, sentence, or decree.The homagers oath in the black book of Hereford ends thus:

“ So help me God at his holy dome, and by mv trowthe.”

DOMLSDAA , or DOOMSDAh BOOK, a most ancient re-cord, made in the time of William Land containing a survey ofall the lands of England. It consists of two volumes, 'l he first:is a large folio, written on 382 double pages of vellum, in a smallbut plain character; each page having a double column. Someof the capital letters and principal passages are touched with redink; and some have strokes of red ink run across them; as if.scratched out. This volume contains the description of 31 coun-ties. The other volume is in 4to, written upon 450 double pagesof vellum, but in a single column, and in a large but very laircharacter. It contains the counties of Essex, Norfolk , Suffolk,part of the county of Rutland included in that of Northampton,,and part of Lancashire in the counties of York and Chester. 'Thiswork, according to the red book in the exchequer, was begun by.order of William the Conqueror , with the advice of his parlia-ment, in the year of our Lord 1080, and completed in the year1086. The reason given for taking this survey, as assigned byseveral ancient records and historians, was, that every man shouldbe satisfied with bis own right, and not usurp with impunity what,belonged to another. But, besides this, it is said by others, thatnow all those who possessed landed estates became vassals to theking, and paid him so much money by way of homage, in propor-tion to the lands they held. This appears very probable, as therewas at that time extant, a general survey of the whole kingdom,,nude by order of king Alfred. For the execution of the surveyrecorded in domesday book, commissioners were sent into everycounty and shire; and juries summoned in each hundred, out of.all orders of freemen, from barons down to the lowest farmers.These commissioners were to be informed by the inhabitants, upon-oath, of the name of eacli manor, and that of its owner; also bywhom it was held in the time of Edward the Confessor ; the num-ber of hides; the quantity of wood, of pasture, and of meadowland ; how many ploughs were in the demesne, and how many’ inthe tenanted part of it; how many mills, how many fish-ponds,or fisheries belonged to it; with the value of the whole togelhertin the time of king Edward , as well as when granted by king Wil-liam, and at the time of this survey; also whether it was capable,of improvement, or of being advanced in its value: they werelikewise directed to return the tenants of every degree, the quan-tity of lands then and formerly held by each of them, what was •the number of villains or slave-, and also the number and kinds oftheir cattle and live stock. These inquisitions being first metho-dized in the country, were afterwards sent up to the king’s exche-quer. This survey, at the time it was made, gave great offence to •tiie people ; and occasioned a jealousy that it was intended for somenew imposition. But notwithstanding all the precaution taken bythe conqueror, to have this survey faithfully and impartially e.xe-•cuted, it appears from indisputabfe authority, that a false returnwas given in by some of the commissioners; anti that, as it is said,,out of a pious motive. However, the authority of domesdaybook was never permitted to be called in question ; and always, •w hen it has been necessary to distinguish whether lands were heldin ancient demesne, or in any other manner, recourse was had tothat only, to determine the doubt. From this definitive authority, .from which, as from the sentence pronounced at domesday, or theday of judgement, there could be no appeal, the name of the bookis said to have been derived. But Stowe assigns another reasonfor this appellation; namely, that domesday book is a cor optionof domus Dei book ; a title given it because heretofore depositedin the king’s treasury, in a place of the church of Westminster, orWinchester, called domus Dei. From the great care formerlytaken for the preservation of this survey, we may learn the estima-tion in w hich its importance was held. The dialogue dc Scaccarissays, “ Liber die (Domesday ) sigilli regis comes est indivulims intliesauro.” Until lately it lias been kept under three differentlocks and keys; one in the custody of the treasurer, ami the othersin that of the two chamberlains of the exchequer It is now de-posited in the chap er-liouse at Westminster, where it may beconsulted on paying to the proper officers a fee of 6s. 8 d. for asearch, and 4 d. per lipe for a transcript. Besides the two vo-lumes