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Dominion, in theology, the fourth order of angels, in thehierarchy, reckoning from the seraphim. See Angel .

DOMINIS, Mark Anthony De, archbishop of Spalatro inDalmatia at the close of the 15th and beginning of the ltith cen-turies, was a man whose fickleness in religion proved his min.His preferment, instead of attaching him to the church of Home,rendered him disaffected to it. Becoming acquainted with bishopBedell, while chaplain to Sir llenry Wottoii ambassador fromJames I. at Venice, he communicated his books “ De RepublicaEcclesiastics to him ; which were afterwards published at London ,with Bedeli’s corrections. He came to England with Bedell;where he was received with great respect, and preached and wroteagainst the Romish religion. lie is said to have had a principalhand in publishing father Paul’s “ History ofthe Council of Trent,”at London, which was inscribed to King James , in 1(319- But onthe promotion of Pope Gregory XIV . who had been his school-fellow and old acquaintance, he was deluded by Gondomar theSpanish ambassador into the hopes of procuring a cardinal’s hat,by which he fancied he should prove an instrument of great re-formation in the church. Accordingly he returned to Rome in162”, recanted his errors, and was at first well received : but heafterwards wrote letters to England, repenting his recantation ;which being intercepted, he wa- imprisoned by Pope Urban VIII ,and died in 1625. lie was the author of the first philosophicalexplanation of the rainbow, which before his tune was accounted aprodigy.

DOMINIUM, in civil law. See Dominion.

Dominium Directum, in Scots law, the right which a supe-rior retains in his lands, notwithstanding the feudal grant to hisvassal.

Dominium-Eminens, in Scots law, that power which the stateor sovereign has over private property, by which the proprietormay be compelled to sell it for an adequate price where public-utility requires.

Dominium Utile, in Scots law, the right which the vassalacquires in the lands hv the feudal grant from his superior.

DOMINUS, [Lat. i. e. a lord or'master,] a title anciently pre-fixed to a name, usually to denote the person either a knight or aclergyman. The title was sometimes also given to a gentlemannot dubbed; especially if he were lord of a manor.

DOM1TZ, a town and fortress of Germany ; in Lower Saxony .Lon. 11. 41. E. Lat. 53. 15. N.

DO MM A HI’, a town of France, in the department of Somme ,12 miles N. \V. of Amiens.

DOM .MEL, a river of France which rises about the bordersof the bishopric of Liege, and, passing by Bois-le-duc , joins theMeuse , and forms with that river and the NVaal, the island ofBommel.

Dommel and Scheldt, one of the eight departments intowhich the Batavian republic was divided, in March 1798. ller-zogenbuseh is the chief city.

DOMO-D’OSCELA,' DOMO-D’OSCELLO, or DOMO-D’OSSOLA,.a town ofthe late Cisalpine republican the late duchyof Milan, S. W. of Lake Maggiore . Lon. 8. 25. E. Lat. 4(5.2. N.

DOMPAIUE, an ancient town of France , in the departmentof Vosses, 9 miles W. N. W. of Epinal .

DOMREMY, a town of France , in the department oftheMeuse, 10j. mild E. of Bar-le-duc .

DOMUS CONSERVORUM, the ancient name ofthe housewhere the rolls are kept in Chancery-Lane.

DON, [dominus, Lat.] the Spanish title fora gentleman; as,Don Quixote. See Dqm. This title was first given to I’elayo, inthe beginning of the eighth century. In Portugal no person canassume the title of Don without the permission of the sovereign,as it is reckoned a mark of honour and nobility. In France it wasformerly used among the religious.

Don, a river of Russia , anciently called Tanais, which takes itsrise from the small lake of St. John, near Tula, in the governmentof Moscow,.and falls into the sea of Azof.

Don, a river of Scotland, in Aberdeenshire , which rises aboutfour mile-' N. ofthe Castle of Brae-Mar.

DONAGI1ADEE, a sea-port town of Ireland , in the countyof Down, Lister; 21 miles W. of Port Patrick in Scotland . Lon.5. 40 W.'Lat. 54. 45. N.

DON ARIA, among the ancients, in its primary signification,

was taken for the places where the oblations offered to the godswere kept; but afterwards was used to denote the offerings them-selves ; and sometimes, improperly, the temples.

DON Al l A, a genus of the trig} r.ia order, and triandria classof plants. Calyx three-leaved; corolla has from 8 to 10 petalsof an oblong linear shape, twice as long as the calyx; anthertsroundish, didymous, and two-lobed at the base. One species.

DONATION, in law, to be valid and complete, supposes acapacity both in the donor and the donee; and requires consent,acceptance, and delivery.

Donation Mortis Causa, in law, a disposition of propertymade by a person in his last sickness, who apprehending his dis-solution near, delivers, or causes to be delivered to another, thepossession of any personal goods, to keep in case of his decease.If the donor dies, this gift needs not the consent of his executor;but it shall not prevail against creditors; audit is accompaniedwith this implied trust, that, if the donor lives, the property shallrevert to himself, being only given in prospect of death, or mortiscausa. This method of donation seems to have been conveyedto us from the civil lawyers, who borrowed it from the Greeks.*

DONAT1STS, ancient schismatics in Africa , so denominatedfrom their leader Donatus . They had their origin, A. D. 311,when, in the room of Mensurius , who died in that year on hisre-urn to Rome, Ca-cilian was elected bishop of Carthage , andconsecrated without the concurrence of the Nmnidian bishops,by those of Africa aione; whom the people refused to acknowledge,and to whom they opposed Majorinus ; who, accordingly, wasordained by Donatus bishop of Casa- Nigra. - . They were re-peatedly condemned, in different councils held at Rome and Arles :and particularly in one at Milan, in 316, before Constantine theGreat , who deprived them of their churches, banished theirbishops, and punished some of them will) death. Their cause wasespoused by another Donatus , called the Great, the principaloisjiop of that sect, who, with numbers of his followers, was exiledby Constuu*. They are now nearly extinct. They were distin-gui Ind by other appellations; as Montenscs, Campites, Kupites,&c. They held three councils, one at Cirta ill Numidia , and twoat Carthage . The errors of the D'bnatisls were, 1. That baptismcon.tried out of the church, that is, out of their sect, was mill ;■and accordingly they rebaptized those who joined their party fromother churches, and* reordained their ministers. 2. Thai their’swas the only true, pure, and holy church ; (an error common tobigots of all denominations;) all the rest of the churches they heldas prostitute and fallen. Donatus seems likewise to have giveninto the doctrine of the Arians , with whom he was closely allied ;and, accordingly, St. Epiphanius, Theodoret , and some others,accused the Donatists of Arianisin ; and it is probable that thecharge was well founded, because ■ they were patronized by theVandals, who were of these sentiments. But St. Augustine (Ep.185, to count Boniface, & Ilmr. 69.) affirms, that the Donatists ,in this point, kept clear of the errors of their leader.

DONATIVE, in the canon-law, is a benefice given by thepatron to a priest, without presentation to the ordinary, and with-out institution or induction. If chapels founded by laymen henot approved by the diocesan, and, as it is called, spiritualized,they are not accounted proper benefices, neither can they he con-ferred by the bishop, blit remain to the pious disposition of thefounders, and their heirs, who may give such chapels without the-bishop. Gwin observes, that the k ng might anciently found atree chapel, and exempt it from the jurisdiction of the diocesan ;so may he, by letters patent, give liberty to a common person to-found such a chapel, and make it donative, not presentable; andthe chaplain or beneficiary, is deprivable bv the founder or hisheir, and not by the bishop. Donatives are within the statuteagainst simony ; and if they have cure of souls, within that againstpluralities. 1fthe patron of a donative does not nominate a clerk,there can be no lapse thereof, unless it hr specially provided for inthe foundation ; but the bishop may compel him to do it by spiri-tual censures. But if it be augmented by queen Anne’s bounty, itwill lapse like other prescnlative livings, 1 Geo. I. stat. 2. cap. !0.The ordinary cannot visit a donative, and therefore it is free fromprocuration, and the incumbent is exempted Irom attendance ns ■visitations. All bishopries anciently were donative by the king.Where a bishop has the gift of a benefice, it is properl} called adonative, because he cannot present to himself.

DONATIVE, or DON ATIVUM, in antiquity, wasproperlva

gilt