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tity of seed for a piece of land at one bout, but requires going overevery place twice.

Double Fichf.', or Double Fichy, in heraldry, the denomi-nation of a cross, when the extremity lias two points ; in contra-distinction to tichfi, where the extremity is shapened away to onepoint.

Double Letter, in grammar, a letter which has the force andeffect of two. The Greeks have three of these, viz. z, 2 , theLatins have two X and Z ; and most of the modern languagesLave the same.

Double Point, in geometry, is one point considered as twoinfinitely near ones, belonging to geometrical curve lines.

Double Octave, in music, au interval composed of 15 notesin diatonic progression, and which, for that reason, is call d a fif-teenth. “ it is (says Rousseau ) an interval composed of twooctaves, called by the Greeks disdiapasou.” It deserves, however,to be remarked, that in intervals less distant and compounded, asin the third, the fifth, the simple octave, &c. the lowest and highestextremes are included in the number from whence the intervaltakes its name. Rut, in the double octave, when termed a fif-teenth, the simple number of which it is composed gives the name.This is by no means analogical, and may occasion some confusion.W’e should rather choose, therefore, to run any hazard whichmight occur from uniformly including all the terms of which thecomponent intervals consist, and call the double octave a six-teenth, according to tfie general analogy.

Double Employment, in music, a name given by M. Ra-meau to the two different maimers in which the chord of the sub-dominant may be regarded and treated, viz. as the fundamentalchord of the sixth superaddcd, or as the chord of the great sixth,inverted from a fundamental chord of the seventh. In reality, thechords carry exactly the same notes, are figured in the same man-ner, are employed upon the same chord of the tone, in such amanner, that frequently wc cannot discern which of the two chordsthe author employs, but by the assistance of the subsequent chord,which resolves it, and which is different in these different cases.To make this distinction, we must consider the diatonic progress ofthe two notes which form the fifth and the sixth, and winch, con-stituting between them the interval of a second, must one or theother constitute the dissonance of the chord. Now, tiiis progress isdetermined by the motion of the bass. Of these two notes, then,if the superior be the dissonance, it will rise by one gradation intothe subsequent chord, the lower note will keep Us place, and thehigher note will be a superadded sixth. If the lower be (he disso-nance, it will descend into the subsequent chord, the higher willremain in its place, and the chord will be that of the great sixth.

Double Plea, [duplex placitum, Lat.] is that in which thedefendant alleges for himself two several matters, in bar of theaction, whereof either is sufficient to effect his desire in debarringthe plaintiff.

Double-Quarrel, is a complaint made by any clerk or otherto the archbishop of the province, against an inferior ordinary, fordelaying justice in some cause ecclesiastical. The effect is,’ thattiie archbishop directs his letters, under the authentical seal, to allclerks of his province, commanding them to admonish the said or-dinary within nine days to do the justice required, or otherwise tocite him to appear before him or his official: and lastly to intimateto the said ordinary, that if he neither performs the thing enjoined,nor appears at the day assigned, he himself will proceed to performthe justice required. And this seems to be termed a double-quar-rel, because it is most commonly made against both the judge,ami him at whose petition justice is delayed.

DOUBLET, among lapidaries, implies a counterfeit stone com-posed of two pieces of crystal, and sometimes glass softened, to-gether with proper colours between them: so that they make thesame appearance to the eye as if the whole substance of the crystalhad been tinged with these colours. See Glass, Colouringor.

DOUBLETS, a game on dice within tables.

DOUBLING, among hunters, is applied to a hare, which issaid to double, when she keeps in plain fields, and winds about todeceive the hounds.

Doubling, in the manege, a term used of a horse, who is saidto double his reins, when he leaps several times together, to throwhis rider.

Doubling, in the military art, is the putting two ranks or filesof soldiers into one. Thus, when the word of command is, doubleyour ranks, the second, fourth, and sixth ranks march into the first,third, and fifth, so that the six ranks are reduced to three, and theintervals between the ranks become double what they were be-fore.

Doubling upon, in naval tactics, the act of inclosing any partof a hostile fleet between two fires, or of cannonading it on bothsides. It is usually performed by the van or rear of that licetwhich is superior in number, taking the advantage of the wind, orother circumstances, and tacking or veering round the van or rearof the enemy, who will thereby be exposed to great danger, andcan scarcely avoid being thrown into general confusion.

Doubling a Cape or Point, in navigation, signifies thecoming up with it, passing by it, and leaving it behind the ship.

Doublings, in heraldry, the linings of robes and mantles ofstate, or of the mantlings in atchiev-ements.

DO UBS, a department of France , bounded on the E. by theHelvetic republic . It comprehends part of the late province ofFranche Comte . Besangon is the capital.

Doubs, or Doux, a river of France , which rises at the foot ofMount Jura, and runs into the Saone, near Verdun .

DOUBTING, the act of with-holding our assent from any pro-position, on suspicion that we are not able peremptorily to decidebetween the reasons for and against it. Doubting is distinguishedby the schoolmen into two kinds, dubilatio sterilis, and dubitatioefficax. 'Flic former is that -where no determination ensues: inthis manner the Sceptics and Academics doubt, who with-hohltheir assent from every thing. See Sceptics, &c. The latter isfollowed by judgement, which distinguishes truth from falsehood:such is the doubting of the Peripatetics and Cartesians. The lastin particular perpetually inculcate the deceitfulness of our senses,and tell us that we are to doubt of every one of their reports, tillthey have been examined and confirmed by reason. On the otherhand, the Epicureans teach, that our senses always tell truth ; andthat, if we go ever so little from them, we come within the pro-vince of doubting.

Doubting, in rhetoric, a figure whereon the orator appearssome time fluctuating, and undetermined what to do or say. Ta-citus furnishes us with an instance of doubting, almost to a degreeof distraction, in those words of Tiberius written to the senate :Quid sevibam, P. S. ant quomodo sc.ribam, aut quid omnino nonscribam hoc tempore, dii me deaique pejus perdant quam perirequotidie sentio, si scio.

DOUC1NE, in architecture, a moulding concave above andconvex below, serving commonly as a eymatinm to a delicatecornicbe. It is likewise called gula and cymatium.

DOUE, a town of France , in the department of Maine andLoire, 20 miles S. of Angers.

DOVE, a river in Derbyshire , which falls into the Trent, 4miles N. of Burton.

Dove, in ornithology. See Columba.

DOVER, a borough and sea-port town of England, in Kent.The cliffs, which are very high, afford a fine prospect of theFrench coast. Dover lies 15 miles S. of Canterbury , 21 milesN. of Calais, and 72 S. E. of London . Lon. 1. 23. E. Lat. 51.S. N.

Dover, a town and township of the United States , in Staffordcounty, New Hampshire .

Dover, the metropolis of Delaware state, in Kent county, onthe S. W. side of Jones creek, 76 miles S. S. W. of Philadel-phia .

Dover, Straits of, the narrow channel between Dover andCalais, which separates Great Brita.n from the French coast. Bri-tain is supposed bv many to have been once peninsulated, thepresent straits occupying the site of the isthmus which joined it toGaul. “ No certain cause (says Mr. Pennant, in his Arct. Zool.vol. i. Introd. p. ii.) can be given for the mighty convulsion whichtore us from this continent; whether it was rent by an earthquake,or whether it was worn through by the continual dashing of thewaters.” “The correspondency of strata, (he adds) on part of theopposite shores of Britain and France , le..ves no room to doubtbut that they were once united. The chalky dirts of Rlancnezbetween Calais and Boulogne, and tho. e to the westward of I lover,exactly tally : the last are vast and continued ; the former short,

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