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DUMFRIES,- or DUMFR1ES-SHIRE, a county in the S.of Scotland, comprehending the district of Nithsdale, the Stewar-try of Amiandale, and the lordship of Eskdale, extending in lengthfrom N. \Y. to S. E. about 60 miles, and about 30 miles inbreadth where broadest. It is bounded on the S. W, by GallowtiJPand part of Kyle; on the N. E. by the counties of Roxburgh ;Selkirk, and Peebles ; on the N. W. by Clydesdale ; and on theS. E. by Solway Frith and the marches between Scotland andEngland.
Dumfries, the capital of the above county, a handsome town ,situated on a ridge or rising ground, on the N. E. side of theriver Nith, 75 miles S. S. VV. of Edinburgh . Lon. 4. 25. W.Lat. 55. 8. N.
Dumfries, a town of the United States , the capital of Pr. 'Wil-liam county, in Virginia .
DUMOSA, [from dumus, a bush] bushy plants; the name ofthe forty-third order in Linnauis’s Fragments ot a Natural Method ;consisting of a number of shrubby plants, which are thick set withirregular branches, and bushy.
DUN, [dun, Saxon,] 1. A colour partaking of brown andblack. 2. Dark ; gloomy.
Dux, or Burgh, the name of an ancient species of buildings,of a circular form, common in the Orkney and Shetland isles, theHebrides, and northern parts of Scotland . See Plate L1X. tig. 12.The latter term points out the founders, w ho at the same time be-stowed on them their natal name of borg, a defence or castle, aSuedo-Golhic word ; and the Highlanders universally apply tothese places the Celtic name dun, signifying a hill defended by aa tower, which plainly points out their use. They are confined tothe countries once subject to the crown of Norway . With fewexceptions, they are built within sight of the sea, and one or morewithin sight of the other; so that on a signal by tire, flag, or trum-pet, they could give noise of approaching danger, and yield a mu-tual succour.
DUNAMUND, or DIAMINTZ, a town of Riga .
DUNBAR, a royal borouqrli of Scotland, in East Lothian , equi-distant from Edinburgh and Berwick upon Tweed, being 27 milesfrom each.
DUNBARTON, the chieftown of Lenox or Dunbartonshire inScotland, 58 miles W. of Edinburgh , Lon. 4. 30 W. Lat. 56. 0. N.
DUNBLANE, a town of Scotland 30 miles N. of Edinburgh .
DUNCANNON, a town and fort of Ireland , in Wexford, sixmiles E. of Waterford .
DUNCAN’S BAY, lies on the N. coast of Jamaica . Lon. 77.23. W. Lat. 18. 31. N.
DUNDALK, a 1 own of of Ireland, in the county of Louth ,about 40 miles f.om Dublin .
DUN DEE, a town of Scotland , in Angus-shire, 40 miles N. ofEdinburgh , Lon. 3. 3. W. Lat. 56. 27. N.
DUNEBERG, a town of Livonia, on the Dwina, 90 milesS. E.of R'ca. Lon 27. 0. E. Lat. 59. 8. N.
DUN EG EL, a fertile island of Ireland, on Baltimore bay, onthe coast of Cork .
DUNFERMLINE, a borough of Scotland, in Fifeshire , 15miles N. W. of Edinburgh . Lon. 3. 27. W. Lat. 55. 12. N.
DUNG. See Husbandry.
DUNGALA, DONGALA, or DONKAEA, a kingdom ofAfrica, in Nubia, seated on both sides of the Nile , but chiefly onthe W.
Dungala, or Dongala, the capital of the above kingdom.Lon. 30. 35. E. Lat. 21. 0. N.
DUNGANNON, a* town of Ireland , (he capital of Tyrone, inUlster . Lon. 6. 39. W. Lat. 54. 38. N.
DUNGARVAN, or DUNGARVON, a town of Ireland , inthe county of Waterford, 22 miles S. W. of Waterford .
Duncarvan Bay, on the coast of Waterford .
DUNGENESS, a cape on the coast of Kent, eight miles S.by W. of Romney. I.on. 1. 4. E. Lat. 50. 52. N.
Dungeness Point, a cape in the eastern entrance of the straitsof Magellan. I.on. 68. 28. W. Lat. 52. 28. S.
DUNGEON, in fortification, the highest part of a castle builtafter the ancient mode ; serving as a watch-tower, or place of ob-servation ; and also for the retreat of a garrison, in case of neces-sity, so lliat they may capitulate with greater advantage.
t)UNG MEERS, in husbandry, places where soils and dungs
are mixed and digested together. These consist of pits, preparedat the bottom with stone and clay, that they may bold water, onthe moisture of the dung. They ought to be so situated, that thesinks and drips of the houses and barns may run into them. Intothese are cast refuse fodder, litter, dung, weeds, &c. where theylie ami rot together, till the fanner have occasion for them.
DUNKELD, a town of Scotland , in Perthshire, 15 miles N.W.from Perth .
DUNKIRK, a maritime town of France , in the department ofthe North, 22 miles S. W. of Ostend . Lon. 2. 28. E. Lat. 51. 2. N.
DUNLEER, a town of Ireland, in Louth ; seven miles N. ofDrogheda, and 30 of Dublin .
DUN MANUS BAY, a bay of the Atlantic, on the S. W.coast of Ireland, in the county of Cork ; about 14 miles in length,and from one to three broad : S. of Bantry bay ; affording a safeharbour. The month of this bay lies in Lon. 9. 30. W. Lat. 51.20. N.
DUNMORE HEAD, a cape on the W. coast of Ireland , inthe county of Kerry. This cape is the most western point inEurope . Eon. 10. 20. W. Lat. 52. 6. N.
DUNMOW, GREAT, a town of Essex , 13 miles N. ofChelmsford, and 40 N- E. of London .
DUN NET HEAD, an extensive promontory on the W. coastof Caithness.
DUNOOSE, a cape on the S. E. coast of the isle of Wight; 5imiles \V. of Btachy head. Lon. 1. 11. W. Lai. 50. 33. N.
DUNOIS, a late territory of France in the province of Orlean-nois, and district of Beauce ; included in the department of Eureand Loire .
DUNSE, a town of Scotland , in the county of Merse. Lon. 2.5. W. Lat. 55. 42. N.
DUNS, John, commonly called Duns Scotus, a famous Fran-ciscan divine, was born at Dunslance in Northumberland . Hewas educated at Oxford, from whence he went to Paris, where lieacquired a great reputation as a disputant, and was called the“ subtile doctor.” tie opposed the notions of Aquinas, whichproduced two parties, the '1 homists and the Scotists. Flo died atCologne in 1308. He wasa voluminous writer ; his works making12 vols. folio; as published at Lyons by Luke Wadding , in 1639.
DUNSTABLE, a t wn in Bedfordshire , 34 miies N.W. ofLondon , Lon. 0. 29. W. Lat. 51. 59. N.
DUNSTAN, St. archbishop of Canterbury , was born in 925,in the reign of Athelstan , who gave him lands at Glastonbury,where he founded a monastery. King Edgar made him bishop ofWorcester, and in 959 archbishop of Canterbury . The pope con-firmed the appointment, and made him his legate. Dunstan extendedthe papal power in a most arbitrary manner, though opposed by theEnglish clergy, for which he deprived many of their benefices, andplaced monks in their room. On the deatli of Edgar in 975, heplaced his son Edward on the throne, who being a minor, Dunstan.assumed the regency. Under his successor Ethelrcd, however,he lost liis influence and died of grief fn 988.
DUNSTER, a town in Somersetshire ; 20 miles N. W. of.Taunton . Lon. 3. 41. W. Lat. 51. 13. N.
DUNUM, a Celtic term, denoting a hilt or eminence, whichoften concurs to form the names of towns, to signify their high situ-ation, places of strength or citadels, hills or eminences, being adap-ted to such structures. See Dun.
Dunum, in ancient geography, a town of Ireland , mentioned byPtolemy , and supposed to be Down or Down-Putiick. SeeDown.
DUNWICII, a town in Suffolk, most of which is destroyed bythe encroachments of the sea, and not one church left of eigiit. Itis 30 miles N. E. of Ipswich. Lon. 1. 55. L. Lat. 52. 21. N.
DUO, in music, a song or composition, to be performed in twoparts onlv, one sung, the other played on an instrument, or by twovoices. Also when two voices sing different parts, as accompaniedwith a third, which is a thorough bass. It is seldom that unisonsand octaves are used in duos, except at the beginning and end.
DUODEC1MA, in music, is the twelfth or the litth doubled.
DUODENUM , the first of thesmall guts, so called from itslength, which is about twelve fingers breadth. It has its origin atthepilorus, or right orifice of the stomach. See Anatomy.
DUODI, [from dun, two, and dies, a day, Lat.] 'he secondday of the decade, in the new French distribution of time.
D UPIN, Lewis Ellis, a learned doctor of the Sorboune, and
one