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This appearance lasted for about a quarter of an hour, after which 1t ie water became smooth and quiet as before. During the wholetime, the sand at the bottom was thrown up and mixed with wa-ter ; and there was a continual noise like that of water turning amill. AtCobham.in Surrey, between ten and eleven o’clock,while a man was watering a norse at a pond ted by springs, thewater suddenly ran away from him, and moved toward the south,with such swiftness, that the bottom of the pond was left bare. Itreturned again with such impetuosity, that the man leaped back-wards to secure himself from its sudden approach. The duckswere alarmed at the first agitation, and instantly Hew all out of thepond. At Dunstall, in Sutfolk, the water of a pond rose graduallytor several minutes in the form of a pyramid, and fell down like awater-spout. Other ponds in the neighbourhood had a smoothflux and reflux from one end to the other, and in several otherparts of the kingdom elfects equally surprising were observed. AtLoch Lomond, in Scotland , about half an hour after 9 A. M. allof a sudden, without the least gust of wind, the water rose againstits banks with great rapidity, but immediately subsided, till it wasas low as any person then present had ever seen it in the greatestsummer drought. Instantly it returned towards the sides, and infive minutes rose again as high as before. The agitation continuedat the same rate till 15 minutes after 10 A. M. taking 5 minutes Ito rise, and as many to subside. From 15 minutes after 10 till 11 Ithe height of every rise came somewhat short of that immediately Ipreceding, still taking 5 minutes to flow, and as many to ebb, till the 1water was entirely settled. The greatest perpendicular height of)this swell was two feet four inches. A still more remarkable pluvno- |menon attending the earthquake in this lake was, that a large stone |lying at some distance from shore, hut in such shallow water that iit .could easily be seen, was forced out of its place in the lakeupon dry land, leaving a deep furrow in the ground all along theway in which it had moved. In Loch-Ness , about half an hourafter nine, a very great agitation was observed in the water. AtKinsaie, in Ireland , between 2 and 5 P. M. the weather beingvery calm, and the tide near full, a large body of w ater pouredsuddenly into the harbour with such rapidity, that it broke thecables of two sloops, each moored with two anchors, anil of seve-ral boats lying near the town. But just at the time that a greatdeal of mischief was apprehended by all the vessels runningfold of each other, an eddy whirled them round several times,and then hurried them back again with the same rapidity asbefore. This was several times repeated ; and while the currentrushed up at one side of the harbour, it poured down with equalviolence at the other. A vessel that lay all this time in the pooldid not seem to be any ways affected by it; nor was the violenceof the currents much perceived in the deeper parts of the harbour,but raged with most violence on the flats. From different ac-counts it appeared that the water was affected in a similar mannerall along the coast of Ireland , west of Kinsaie. These are themost striking phenomena with which the earthquake of Nov.

1, 1755, was attended on the surface of the earth. Those whiciihappened below ground cannot be known but by the changes ob-served in springs, Sic. which were in many places very remark-able. At Colares, on the afternoon of the 31st Oct. the water 'of a fountain was greatly decreased: on the morning of the 1stof Nov. it ran very muddy ; and, after the earthquake, returnedto its usual state both as to quantity and clearness. On the hillsnumbers of rocks were split; and there were several rents in theground, but none considerable. In some places where formerlythere had been no water, springs burst forth, w hich continued torun. Some of the largest mountains in Portugal were impetuouslyshaken as it were from their foundation ; most of them openedat their summits, split and rent in'* wonderful manner, and huge !masses of them were thrown down into the subjacent valleys. |From the rock Aividar, near the hill Fojo, a kind of parapet wasbroken olf, which was thrown up from its foundation in file sea.

At Varge, on the river Macaas, during the earthquake, manysprings of water burst forth, some spouted up eighteen or twenty-feet, throwing up sand of various colours, which remained on theround. A mountainous point, seven or eight leagues from St.’he’s, cleft asunder, and threw off several vast masses of rock.

In Barbary, a large hill was rent in two; the two halves fell differ-ent ways,"and buried two large towns.^ A remarkable change wasobserved on the medicinal waters of Troplitz, a village in Bohe-mia famous lor its baths. These tvaleis were discovered in 762;

from which time the principal spring of them had constantlythrown out hot water in the same quantity, and of the same qua-lity. On the morning of the earthquake, between It and VfA. M. the principal spring cast forth such a quantity of water, thatin half an hour all the baths ran over. About half an hour beforethis, the spring had flowed turbid and muddy; then having stop-ped entirely for a minute, it broke forth again with prodigious vio-lence, driving before it a considerable quantity of reddish oelue.After this it became clear, anil flowed as pure as before. It stillcontinues to do so; but tbe water is in greater quantity, and hot-ter, than before the earthquake. At Angoulesnn- in France , asubterraneous noise like thunder was heard; and presently atterthe earth opened, and discharged a torrent of water mixed withred sand. Most of the springs in the neighbourhood sunk in sucha manner, that for some time they were thought to be quite dry.In Britain , no considerable alteration was observed in the eartli,except that, near the lead mine in Derbyshire , a deft was observ-ed about a foot deep, six inches wide, and 150 yards in length.The earthquakes, which in 1783 ruined a great part of Italy andSicily , though much more confined in their extent, than that of1755, seem to have been not at all inferior in violence. Sir Wil-liam Hamilton , who wrote a particular account of their effects, in-forms us, that “ if, on a map of Italy , and with your compass on thescale of Italian miles you measure olf 22, and then fixing the centralpoint in the city of Oppido, form a circle (the radii of which willbe 22 miles, you will include all the towns, villages, &c. thathave been utterly ruined, and the spots where the greatest morta-lity happened, and w here there have been the most visible altera-tions on the face of the earth: then extend your compass on thesame scale to 72 miles, preserving the same centre, and form an-other circle, you will include the whole country that has any markof having been affected by the earthquake.” A circumstance wasremarked, in which this earthquake differed from others, viz. thatof two towns situated at an equal distance from this centre, one onthe hill, the other on the plain or in a bottom, the latter alwayssuffered most. From the most authentic accounts received by theking of Sicily’s secretary of state, it appeared that the part of Ca-labria which had been most affected by this calamity, was com-prthended between 38° and 39° of lat. N. that the greatest forceof the earthquake had been exerted from the foot of tiiose moun-tains of the Apennines called Dijo, Sacro, and Caulene, extend-ing W. to the Tyrrhene sea; that the towns, villages, and farm-houses, nearest these mountains, situated either on the hills or theplain, were totally ruined by the shock of the 5th Feb. about noon:tiiat even the more distant towns had been greatly damaged bythe subsequent shocks of the earthquakes, and effectually by thoseof the 7th, 26th, and 28th of Feb. and that of the 1st of March ;that from the first shock of the 5th of Feb. the earth had been in a< ontinual tremor; and that the motion of the earth had beeneither whirling like a vortex, horizontal, or by pulsations, or bybeatings from the bottom upwards. This variety of motions in-creased the apprehensions ot the miserable inhabitants, who ex-pected every moment that the earth would open under their feet,and swallow them up. These pluruomena had been attended withirregular and furious gusts of wind; and from all these causes, theface of that part of Calabria , comprehended between the 38° and39° was entirely altered. The number of lives lost was estimatedat 32,367; but Sir W illiam Hamilton is of opinion, that, includ-ing strangers, it could not be less than 40,000. The fate of the in-habitants of Scilla was extremely affecting. On the first shock ofthe earthquake, Feb. 5th, they had fled along with their prince tothe sea-shore, where they hoped for safety; but in the night a fu-rious wave overflowed the land for three miles, sweeping off in itsreturn the prince and 2473 of the inhabitants, who were at thattime either on the strand, or in boats near the shore. Varioustheories have been invented to explain the phamoinena of earth-quakes. Till lately, the hypotheses of modern philosophers weremuch the same with those of tin* ancients. Anaxagoras supposedthe cause of earthquakes to be subterraneous clouds bursting outinto lightning, winch shook the vaults that confined them.Others imagined, that the arches, which had been weakened bycontinual subterraneous fires, at length fell in. Others derivedthese double convulsions from the rarefied steam of waters, heatedby some neighbouring fires, (a hypothesis lately revived by M.liolomieti,) and some, among whom was Epicurus , and several ofthe Peripatetics, ascribed them to the ignition of certain inflamma-ble