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serviceable in places where it may lie continually dry, or w et inextremes. Accordingly, it is proper for water-w orks, mills, theladles and soles of the wheel-pipes, pumps, aqueducts, pales, andship planks beneath the water-lines. It is also of use for wheel-wrights, handles for single saws, axle-trees, and the like. Theclearness of the grain, makes it also fit for all kinds of carvedworks, atid most ornantents relating to architecture. This woodmay be propagated by the seed, and by layers or suckers takenfrom the roots of old trees: those raised from layers always strikebetter roots, thrive more quickly thru the other, and do not shootforth so many suckers; for which reason this method deserves tobe more generally practised. The elm naturally delights in astiff, strong soil, where it grows comparatively slow; but if it beplanted in rich, light land, it vegetates most luxuriantly. In thelatter case, however, its w ood is light, porous, and of little value,compared with that produced on richer soils: the latter is of acloser and stronger texture, and possesses, near the heart, the co-lour and almost the weight and hardness of iron. On such lands,therefore, the elm becomes very profitable, and is one of thosedeciduous trees, which ought to be industriously cultivated. Thisbeautiful tree is of great value; and well adapted for plantipgshady walks, as it does not destroy the grass, and its leaves are re-lished by horses, cows, goats, hogs, and sheep, all of which' eatthem eagerly. Its wood, being hard and tough, is used for nuk-ing axle-trees, mill-wheels, keels of boats, chairs, and coffins: it isalso frequently changed by art, so as completely to resemble ma-hogany ; for this purpose, it is sawed into thick planks, stainedwith aqua-fortis, and rubbed over w ith a tincture, of w hich alka-net, aloes, and spirit of wine, are the principal ingredients, bilk-worms eat the leaves with avidity.
ELMAC1NUS, George, author of a History of the Saracens,was born in Egypt towards the middle of the 13th century, llishistory comes down from Mohammed to the year of the Hegira 512,answering to A. D. 1134; in which he sets down year by year, ina verv concise manner, whatever regards the Saracen empire , in-termixed with some passages relating to the eastern Christians .H is abilities must have been considerable; since, though lie pro-fessed Christianity , he held an office of trust near the persons ofthe Mohammedan princes. lie was son to Yaser A1 Almid, secre-tary to the council of war under the sultans of Egypt lor 45 years;and in 1238, when his father died, succeeded him in his place.His history of the Saracens was translated from Arabic into Latin by Erpinius; and printed in these two languages in folio, at Ley-den, in 1625. Erpinius died before the publication; but Goliustook cave of it, and prefixed a preface. It was dedicated by Er-pinius’s widow to Dr. Andrew’s, bishop of Winchester.
ELN1A, a town of Russia, in the government of Smolensko ,32 miles E. S. E. of Smolensko .
ELOCUTION, [t tocutio , Lab] generally speaking, signifiesthe selecting and adapting of words and sentences, to the things orsentiments intended to be expressed. It is also used to denote theju-t and graceful management of the voice, countenance, and ges-ture, when speaking: in which sense it is synonymous with what isvariously called a good delivery, eloquence, or the art of speak-ing and -writing with accuracy, elegance, and perspicuity. Trueeloquence depends principally on the vivacity of the imagination;for it not only communicates grace and ornament, but also lifeand motion to discourse. See Oratory.
ELOGY , [tlogium,'] a praise, or panegyric, bestowed on anyperson or thing, in consideration of its merit.
Elogy , or Kulogium, should not have so much as one epi-thet, properly so called, nor two words synonyipous: it shouldstrictly adhere to truth; for extravagant and improbable elogiesrather lessen the character of the person or thing they would extol.The beauty of elogy consists in expressive brevity.
ELOHI, ELOlJIM, or ELOI, [a'nhK, Heb. WiSn, Syr.] inscripture, one of the names of God . Rut it is to be observed, thatangels, princes, great men, judges, and even false gods, are some-times called by this name. The sequel of the discourse, is whatassists us in judging rightly concerning the true meaning of thisword. It is the same as Kloha. The one is the singular, and theother the plural. Nevertheless Eloliim is often constructed in tin-singular number, particularly when (lie true God is spoken of;but when false gods are spoken of, it is construed rather hi theplural. 5
ELGIN ED, in law, signifies restrained or hindered from doingsomething: thus it is said, that if those within age be eloined, sothat they cannot sue personally, their next friend shall sue forthem.
ELONGATION, in astronomy, the digression or recess of aplanet from the sun, with respect to an eye placed on our eaith.The term is chiefly used in speaking of Venus and Mercury, thearch of a great circle intercepted between either of the-e plantsand the sun being called the elongation of that planet from the sun.See Astronomy.
Elongation, Angee of, is an angle contained under linesdrawn from the centres of the sun and planet, to the centre of theearth.
Elongation, in surgery, is an imperfect hixation, occasionedby the stretching or lengthening of the ligaments of any joint.See Surgery.
ELOPEMENT, is when a married woman of her own accorddeparts from her husband, and dwells with an adulterer; for whichwithout voluntary reconciliation to the husband, she shall lose herdower by the statute of Westminster, ii. c. 34. If a wife willinglyleaves her husband, and goes away and continues with her avou-terer, she shall he barred for ever of action to demand her dowerthat she ought to have of her husband’s lands,-if she is convictedthereof; except that her husband willingly and without coercionof thd church, reconciles her, and suffers her to dwell with him ;in which case she shall be restored to her action. 13 Ed. I. si. i.c. 34. See Adultery.
ELOPS, [iXo-J.,] a genus of fishes of the order abdominaies.Tail armed above and beneath; body long, and differing from thesalmon in wanting the fleshy back-fill. Head large, smooth, shin-ing, compressed, and flattened ; eyes half-covered with the skinof tiie head; body slender, covered with large angular scales; taildeeply cleft, with a b'ony scale or spine, above and beneath, be-fore it. It has one species, generally about fourteen inches long,it is found on the coasts of Carolina.
ELORA, a tow n of Hindostan, in the country of Aurungabad ;13 miles N. of Aurungabad.
EEOTZ, a town of Russia , in the government of Orlol’f, 112miles E. N. E. of Orel.
ELPI1IN, a town of Ireland , in the county of Roscommon, 8miles N. of Boyle, and 25 N. of Dublin .
El.RICH, a town of Germany , in Upper Saxony.
ELSIMBURG, or IIELSIMBURG, a port town of Sweden ,in the province of Gothland , and territory of Schonen, 7 miles E.of Elsinore . Ix>n. 13. 20. E. Lat. 56. 2. N.
ELSINEUR, ELS1NOOR, ELSINORE , or HELSIN-GOER, a port town of Denmark, seated on the Sound , in the isleof Zealand . Every vessel, as she passes, lowers her top-sails, andpavs a toll at Elsinore . Lon. 12. 37. E. Eat. 56. 3. N.
lxLTMAN, a town of Germany, in Franconia , and bishopricof Wurtsburg, 8 miles W. N. W. of Bamberg .
ELTZ, a town of Lower Saxony , 10 miles S. W. of Ililde-sheim. I.on. 10. 5. E. Lat. 50. 5. N.
ELYAS, a large town, and one of the most important in Por-tugal, in the province of Alentejo , a few miles from the frontiersof Spanish Estramadura. It is built on a mountain, and is stronglyfortified with works of free-stone. It is 50 miles N. E. of Evora ,and 100 E. of Lisbon . Lon. 7. 3. W. Lat. 38. 43. N.
ELVELA, in botanv, a genus of the natural order of fungi,belonging to the crvptogamia class of plants. 'I lie iiingus is tur-binated, or I'Ve ail inverted cone.
ELUL, [Vis,] in chronology, the 12th month of the Jewish civil year, and the 6th of the ecclesiastical: it consisted of only29 davs, and answered pretty nearly to our August.
ELUTRIATION, in chemistry, an operation performed bywashing solid sub-lances with water, stirring them well together,and hastily pouring off the liquid, while tile lighter part remainssuspended in it, (hat it may thereby lie separated from the hea-vier part. By this operation metallic ores are separated fromearth, stoiw, and other unmetnllic particles adhering to them.
ELWANGKN, a principality of Germany, in Suabia , border-ing on the late duchy of Wurtemburg .
Elwangkn, the capital of the above late principality, 25 miles S.\V. of Anspaeh, and 32 N. of Uhn.