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or thirst for a long lime after. The southern nations were morecivilized; and the Cantii, more so than any of the rest. England,including Wales , when first invaded by the Romans, was dividedinto 17 petty states. ]. The Danmonii, Dunmonii, or Donmonii,inhabited Cornwall and Devonshire. 2. The Dumtriges possessedDorsetshire. 3. The Betdgir Somersetshire, Wiltsh're, and thegreater part of Hampshire. 4. The Atrebales inhabited Berkshire . a.The Regni inhabited Surrey, Sussex and part of the coast of Hamp-shire . o. The Cantii inhabited and gave name to Kent. 7. TheDobuni are placed by Ptolemv on the N. side of the Thames , nearits head, in Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. 8. The Caltieueh-lani, Cattidudania, or Cathicludani, inhabited Buckinghamshire ,Bedfordshire , and Hertfordshire. 9. The Triuobanters possessedEssex and Middlesex. 10. The leeni, whose country compre-hended Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, and Huntingdonshire , areby Ptolemy called Simeni, and by others Tigeni. Cambden isof opinion, that they were the people whom Catsar calls Ceno-niagni. 11. The Coritani inhabited Northamptonshire , Leices-te.shire, Rutlandshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire , and Derbyvshire. 12. The Cornavii possessed Warwickshire, Worcestershire ,Staffordshire, Shropshire , and Cheshire. 13. The Silures inhabitedRadnorshire, Brecknockshire, Glamorganshire, Herefordshire , andMonmouthshire. 14. The Detnetas inhabited part of Caermar-thenshire, Pembrokeshire, and Cardiganshire. 15. The countryof the Ordovices comprehended Montgomeryshire, Merioneth-shire, Caernarvonshire , Denbighshire, and Flintshire. 16. TheBrigantes possessed Yorkshire, Durham, Lancashire , Westmore-land, and Cumberland. 17. Northumberland was held by theOttadiui, Ottadeni, or Oltalini. Their country, according tosome, reached from the d yne to tiie I' orth ; though the most com-mon opinion is, that it reached only to the Tweed. The abovenames are plainly Roman, hut their etymology is doubtless British ,though any attempts to trace their derivation from words in theold British language, must now be attended with great uncertaintyand obscurity. Dr. Aikin, in Lis England Delineated, observes,that, “ with respect to climate, England is situated in the N. partof the temperate zone, so that it enjoys but a scanty share of thegenial inlluence of the sun. Its atmosphere is inclined to chillnessand moisture, subject to frequent and sudden changes; and is morefavourable to the growth, than to the ripening, ot the products ofthe earth. No country is clothed with so beautiful and lasting averdure; but the harvests, especially in the northern parts, fre-quently sutler from unseasonable rains; and the fruits often fallshort of their perfect maturity. The rigours of winter, however,as well as the parching heats oi' summer, are felt here in a much lessdegree than in parallel climates on the continent; a circumstancecommon to all islands. While the sea-ports of Holland and Ger-many are, every winter, locked up with ice, those of England, andeven Scotland , are never known to sutler this inconvenience.The western side of the kingdom, receiving first the great cloudsfrom the Atlantic Ocean , which are afterwards intercepted in theirpassage by tiie middle ridge of hills, is considerably more exposedto rain than the eastern; but the latter is more frequently in-volved in fogs and mists. The whole country, some particularspots excepted, is sufficiently healthy ; and the natural longevityof its inhabitants is equal to that of almost anv region.” TheBritish constitution, is a limited monarchy, or a government bv theunited powers of king, lords, and commons, it has long beenjustly celebrated as uniting the advantages and avoiding the mcon-' enicncies of absolute monarchy, ai Etoeracv, and democracy. It01 'is lnat< ‘d among the Anglo-Saxons , and was brought to a high de-gree of perfection by the patriotic .monarch, Alfred the Great . Itwas afterwards considerably infringed upon by William the Con-queror and his successors, but was restored by the Magna Charts ;and after repeated encroachments by different monarchs, wasfinally ameliorated, established, and continued, by the glorious re-volution in 1088. The executive power is vested in the king, and'u the ministers, judges, juries, anti other gradations of magistracyUnder him. The legislative authority is entrusted to the twobouses of parliament. See Commons, King, Law, Liberty,Loans, Magna Charta, Parliament , Peers, Rights,&c.oince tiie reign of Henry V111. the sovereign of England has beencalled, in public writs, Hie supreme head of the church ; but thistitle conveys "no spiritual meaning, as it only denotes the regalpower to prevent any ecclesiastical differences, or in other words,yol. ii.— no. 74.

substitutes the king in place of the pope, with regard to tempo-ralities and the internal economy of the church. The kings ofEngland never intermeddle in ecclesiastical disputes. They onlygive a sanction to the legal rights of tiie clergy. The church ofEngland , under this description of the monarchical power, isgoverned by two archbishops, and 24 bishops, besides the bishopof Sudor and Man, who, not being possessed of an English , barony,does not sit in the house of peers. See Archbishop and Bishop.England contains about 60 archdeacons. Subordinate to them aictiie rural deacons, formerly styled archpresbyters, who signify thebishop’s pleasure to his clergy, the lower class of which consist,of rectors or vicars, deacons, and curates. See Curate, Dea-con , Parson, and Vicar. The ecclesiastical government ofEngland is, properly speaking, lodged in the convocation ; whichis a national representation or synod, and answers pretty near tothe idea of a parliament. They are convoked at the same timewith every parliament; and their business is to consider the staleof the church, and to call those to an account who have advancednew opinions, inconsistent with the doctrines of the church ofEngland , Some zealous clergymen during the reign of queenAnne, and in the beginning of that of George I , raised the powersof the convocation to a height that was inconsistent with the prin-ciples of religious toleration, anil indeed of civil liberty: so thatthe crown was obliged to exert its prerogative of calling the mem-bers together, and of dissolving them ; and ever since they havenot been permitted to sit for any time, in which they could do bu-siness. Since the Norman conquest , England has been dividedinto six circuits, each containing a certain number of counties :which aro subdivided into Wapentakes, or hundreds, and parishes.'I'wo judges are appointed for each circuit, which they visit inthe spring ami autumn, for administering justice to subjects at adistance from the capital. In holding the lent (or spring) assizes,tiie northern circuit extends ouly to York and Lancaster ; the as-sizes at Durham, Newcastle , Carlisle, and Appleby, being heldonly in tiie autumn, and distinguished by the appellation of thelong circuit. These circuit:; and counties are as follow : 1. TheHome Circuit contains the counties of Essex, Hertford , Kent,Surry, and Sussex. 2. Norfolk Circuit contains those .of Burks,Bedford, Huntingdon, Cambridge, Suffolk, and Norfolk . 3. Ox-ford Circuit, Oxon, Berks, Gloucester, Worcester , Monmouth,Hereford, Salop, and Stafford. 4. Midland Circuit, Warwick,Leicester, Derby, Nottingham , Lincoln, Rutland, and Northamp-ton. 5. Western Circuit, Hants , Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, De-von, and Cornwall. 6. Northern Circuit, York, Durham, Nor-thumberland , Lancaster, Westmoreland, and Cumberland. Mid-dlesex and Cheshire are net comprehended in any circuit ; theformer being the seat of the- supreme courts of justice, and thelatter a county palatine. Besides the 40 counties into which Eng-land is divided, there are counties corporate, consisting of certaindistricts, to which the liberties and jurisdictions peculiar to acounty have been granted by roval charter. Tims the city ofLondon is a county distinct from Middlesex; the.cities of York,Chester, Bristol, Norwich, Worcester, and the towns of Kingston -upon-llulb and Newcastle-upon-Tyne , are counties of themselves,distinct from those in which they lie. The same may be said ofBerwick upon Tweed, which has within its jurisdiction a smallterritory of two miles on .the N. side of tiie river; and which,though it lies in Scotland , is considered in law, as distinct fromboth kingdoms. Eor particulars respecting the polilv, trade, law,civil and religions antiquities, &c. of England. See Parliament ,Privy Council, Court , Custom-House, Admiralty, Ac.The lakes of England are chieily in tiie N. W. counties; andthose of Westmoreland and Cumberland, in particular, exhibitsuch varieties of beautifully romantic mid picturesque scenery, asto have become, tor some years past, the fashionable object ofsummer excursions from the metropolis. The chief mountainsin England are the hills of Westmoreland^ the Malvern Hills inWorcester , the Peak of Derby, Snowdon, and Plenlimm ,n. TheInhabitants of England and Wales are computed at eight millions.The chief ports of the navy are, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Dept-ford , and Chatham. All the most valuable productions, both . ni-mal and vegetable, of this country, have been imported from thecontinent. Originally nuts, acorns, crabs, and a few wild berries,were almost all the variety of vegetable food which our woodscould boast. To foreign countries, and to the efforts of culture,4 E we