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obeyed. It Is a commission from above, and they' cannot err inexecuting it. This I take to be properly enthusiasm, which,though arising from the conceit of a warm and overweening brain,works, when it once gets footing, more powerfully on the persua-sions and actions of men, than either reason or revelation, or bothtogether; men being most forwardly obedient to the impulsesthev receive from themselves.”

fiNTHYMEME, in logic and rhetoric, [from lyUv^inOai, tothink, or conceive, a compound of w and '5-j[xq;, mind,3 is the mostsimple and elegant of all argumentations ; being what a man, inarguing closely, commonly makes, without attending to the form.Thus, that verse remaining of Ovid ’s tragedy, intitled Medea,contains an enthymeme; Servare potui, perdere an possum rogas:“ I was able to save von; consequently to have destroyed you.”All the beauty would have been lost, had all the propositions beenexpressed; the mind is displeased with a rehearsal of what is noways necessary. This kind of syllogism is perfect in the mind,

but imperfect in the expression, because one of the propositionsis suppressed, as being easily supplied by the understanding of thosewith whom we discourse, e. g. Every man is mortal; thereforeevery king is mortal: where the minor proposition, every king isa man, is omitted as being sufficiently Known. There is a paiti-cular elegance in the cnthvmeme form of arguing, as leaving some-what to the exercise and invention of the mind ; for which reasonit is very frequent, as well in common conversation, as in the mostpolite writers. It not only shortens discourse, and adds a certainforce and liveliness to our reasoning, but gives the reader a plea-sure not unlike that the author himself feels in composing. Hencewe are put upon exerting ourselves, and seem to share in the dis-covery of what is proposed to us.

ENTIERTIE denotes the whole, in contradistinction to moie-ty, which denotes the half; and a bond, damages, ike. arc said tobe entire when they cannot be apportioned.

ENTIRE Tenancy-, signifies a sole possession in one man.

ENTOMOLOGY.

ENTOMOLOGY, [from an insect, and x*?©*, a dis- ;

course,] the science of insects, a branch of zoology, which treats jexclusively of this class of animals. The name of this science ap- >pears to be modern, but the study of the science is undoubtedlyvery ancient. Solomon, who is perhaps the most ancient zoolo-gist, as well as botanist on record, is expressly said (1 Kings iv.33,) to have “ spoken also” (or written) “ of creeping things,”and may therefore be ranked as the earliest entomologist we knowof. It is to be regretted that his works on this, as well as oilmany other subjects, are lost. Blit without attempting to enume-rate the various ancient authors, who, since Aristotle and Pliny ,have written upon this blanch of natural history, we shall onlymention here, that the great Linnaeus may be justly considered asthe father of Entomology as a distinct branch of science. Severalmodern authors, however, contributed to pave the way for Lin-jueus’s improvement of entomology. Among these none hasgreater merit than the illustrious Dr. Swammerdam , that great in-quirer into nature, who, by his ingenious and nice contrivancesfor dissecting the minutest insects, opened a held of investigation,and a fund of science, formerly quite unoccupied, and unknown.Inserts being endowed with the various powers of creeping, fly-ing, and swimming, there is scarce any place, however remote andobscure, in which they are not to be found. The great confusion !which appeared to the ancients to arise from their number, made Ithem never attempt to reduce them to any system. Swammer-dam observed, that their metamorphoses were divided bv natureinto several states or orders. Their external appearance also car-lied with it some mark of distinction : so that entomologists calledail those of the coleoptera order, Scaralwi, or beetles; those ofthe lepidoptera, Papiiiones, butterflies ; those of the gymnopteraorder that had only two wings, Musca>, (lies; and those or thesame order that had four wings, Apes, bees. No farther progresswas made in the systematic part of this science till the time of Lin-mrus. He was the tirst who undertook to determine the genera,and assign them their proper characters, in the “ Systema Na-tural;” and thus reduced this science to a systematic form. Thissystem, in subsequent editions, was considerably enriched andamended by him, insomuch that the science of entomology now-shines forth in its full lustre. He first instituted natural orders,and reduced them into genera by expressive names ; determinedan infinite number of species in the “ Fauna Succica” and “ Mu-seum Regina:;” co'lected with incredible pains the synonymousnames given by the various authors who had written on them;and, lastly' added their descriptions, and the places in which theywere to be found. So that the system of this illustr'ous authorwill lead any person, w ithout the assistance of a master, -for themost .part, easily to ascertain the name ol any insect he may meetwith. Before his time, scarce more than 2<'0 insects were known ;whereas, in the last edition of his system, lie lies determined thenames of nearly 3000 distinct species ; though this is not the sixth j

part of the number that is now known. Notwithstanding thegreat degree of perfection to which Linn.eus had brought ento-mology, several authors have since made considerable alterationsin his system. Among these, the most distinguished are Geofiroy,Scopoh, and Sclia’ff'er. The first of these entomologists, in his“ llistoire Abregee des Insectes,” published at Paris in 171)4, has,besides changing the orders, or first grand divisions of the Lin*mean system, formed from different families of Limiian generamany new genera ; “ some of them” (says Mr. Thomas PaltinsonYeats, in the Preface to his “ Institutions of Entomology,” p. vi.)“ very judiciously ; others perhaps without sufficient grounds.”—“ Scopoli , (he adds,) in his Entomologia Carniobca, publishedat Vienna in 1763, has made few alterations in the Linmean system,but those seem every one to be well founded, and his specific cha-racters equal those of Linnaus. Schaffer, in his Elementa En*tomologia*, printed at Ratisbon in 1766, has followed Geoffioywith very few and inconsiderable variations; but his figures con-vey a pretty good idea of his genera.” Mr. Yeats also mentionsthe system of Poda, a Jesuit , as “ a work much praised by Sco-poli, which alone is sufficient to convey an advantageous idea ofit,” but adds, that he “ had not been able to procure it, nor learnhow or in what he differs from Linnaus.” On the whole, as theLinnxan system of Entomology is still esteemed to be at least asperfect as those of any of his successors, it will be sufficient hereto give the young entomologist a view of it, with a few of thesynonjma ot other authors, w hom he may afterwards consult if heinclines. Those who are desirous of attaining a systematic know-ledge of insects, ought first to acquire the terms made use of inthe science, that they may be able rightly to denominate everypart of an insect. 'The student should first know what an inject is,lest he mistake Hippocampi, and other amphibious animals, forthem, as was formerly done; or confound them with Vermes,which Linn.-rus first distinguished from iiwcls, and which differas essentially from them as the class Mammalia do from birds.Every insect is furnished with a head, antenna*, and feet, of allwhich the vermes are destitute. All insects have six or morefeet; they respire through pores on the sides of their bodies,which are termed spiracula: their skin is extremely hard, andserves them instead of hones, of which they have internally none.From this definition, the acus marina is evidently no insect. Butthe antenna* placed on the fore-part of the head constitute theprincipal distinction. These are jointed and moveable in everypait, in which they differ from the horns of other animals: theyare organs conveying some kind of sense; but we have no moreidea oi what this kind of sense is, than a man lias, who, withouteyes, attempts to determine the particular action of the lays oflight on the retina of the eye, or to explain the changes w hichfrom thence take place in the human mind. That th. y are theorgans of Some kind of sense, is apparent from their perpetuallymoving them forward; yet the hard crust with which they are in-1 * vested