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blue; if any yellowish ones are seen among them, they are judgedto be defective. The care of all the butterfly tribe to lodge theireggs in safetv is surprising. Those whose eggs aie to he hutchedin a few weekg and who are to live in the caterpillar state duringpart of the remaining summer, always lay them on the leaves otsuch plants as will afford a proper nourishment, but those, whoseeggs are to remain unhatched till the following spring, always laythem on the branches of trees and shrubs, and usually select suchplaces as are least exposed to the rigour of the ensuing season, andfrequently cover them from it in an artful manner. Some make ageneral coat of a hairy matter over them, taking the hairs fromtiieir own bodies for that purpose; others hide themselves in hol-low places in trees, and in other sheltered cells, and there live ina kind of torpid state during the whole winter, that they may de-posit their eggs in the succeeding spring, at a time when there willbe no severities of weather for them to combat. The day butter-flies only do this, and of these but a very few species; but thephaleme, or night ones, all without exception, lay their eggs assoon as they have been in copulation with the male, and die im-mediately afterwards.
ERUDITION, implies chiefly the knowledge of history andantiquity, of languages and of books. The Scaligers were men ofdeep erudition: the writings of M. 1.annoy, a priest of the Ora-tory, are full of erudition. Mr. Locke says, it is of more use tofill the head with reflections than with points of erudition. M.Balzac calls a heap of ill chosen erudition the luggage of anti-quit' - .
ERUPTION, in medicine, a sudden and copious excretion ofhumours, as pus or blood: it signifies also the same with exan-thema, any breaking out, as the pustules of the plague, small-pox,measles, &c.
ERYUM, the Lentil ; a genus of the decandria order, anddiadelphia class of plants; natural order, Papilionacea?. Calyxfive-parted, the length of the corolla. There are six species; ofwhich the E. lens, the common lentil, is cultivated in many partsof England, either as fodder for cattle, or for the seeds which areused in meagre soups.
ERY MAN THUS, in ancient geography, a mountain, river,and town of Arcadia, where Hercules is said to have killed a pro-digious boar, which he carried on his shoulders to Eurystheus;who was so terrified at the sight, that he hid himself in a brazenvessel.
ERYNGIUM, ERYNGO, or SEAHOLLY, a genus of thedigynia order, and pentandria class of plants; natural order, Um-bellate. Flowers collected into a round head ; receptacle palea-ceous. There are eleven species; most of which are hardy herba-ceous perennials, producing erect stalks from one to two or threefeet high ; with simple, entire, or divided prickly leaves; and thestalks terminated by roundish aggregate heads of quinquepetalousflowers, of white, blue, or purple colours. They all flower mostlyin July, and the seeds ripen in September.
ERYSIMUM, Hedge Mustard: a genus of the siliquosaorder, and tetradynamia class of plants; natural order, Siliquosa’.Siliqua long, linear, and exactly tetragonal; calyx close. It haseight species.
ERY SIPELAS, [ijinrcnxttf,] an erysipelas is generated by ahot serum in the blood, and affects the superficies ot the skin witha shining pale red, and citron colour, w ithout pulsation or circum-scribed tumour, spreading from one place to another. See Me-dicine.
ERYTHR/E, in ancient geography, three towns: 1. in .Etolia ,on the Corinthian bay: 2. in Btrotia, near Plat.ea and mount Ci-thieron: 3. in Ionia, on the peninsula, at its extremity; w ith 4. acognominal port. It was famous for an ancient temple of Her- |cules.
ERYTnR/EA, a surname of the Sybil Herophile, from herbirth-place, Erythne in Ionia.
ERY 1 11 ILEUM MARE, erroneously called Ruhrum, or theRed Sea , by the Romans, 'l ints, the ocean that washes Arabiaand Persia , and extends a great way farther, is denominated.Hence Herodotus says, that the Euphrates and Tigris fall into theMare Erythr.eum. It is named from
ERYTHRAS, the son of Perseus and Andromeda , whose Ikingdom lav on the confines of that sea.
KRYTllRINA, CoralTree: a genus of the decandria or-der, and diadelphia class of plants; natural order, Papdionacese.
Calyx bilabiate, the one lip above, the other below ; vexillmn ofthe corolla very long and k nceolated. 'J here are seven species,shrubby flowering exotics tortile Move, adorned chiefly with trilo-bate leaveq and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous flowers. Theyare natives of the warm parts ot Arnica and America ; and mustalways be kept in pots, which remain constantly in stoves in thiscountry.
ER YTHROIDES, in anatomy, the first of the proper coatswhich cover the testicles.
ER YT11RON l UM, Dog’s-tooth Violet: a genus of themonogynia order, and hexandria class of plants; natural order,barmentacca’. Corolla hexapetalous eampamilated; with a iiec-tarium, tubercles two, adhering to the inner base of every otherpetal. There is only one species, which, however, admits of se-veral varieties in its liowers, as white, purpley pale red, dark red,crimson, and yellow.
ER Y TllROXY’LON, in botany, a genus of the trigynia or-der, and decandria class of plants. Calyx turbinated;’corollahaving each a nectariferous emarginaled scale at the base ; staminaconnected at the base ; fruit a bilocular plum. It has live species.
ERYX, in fabulous history, a son of Butes and Venus, who re-lying upon bis strength, challenged all strangers to light with himin the lombat of the ceslus. He was killed in the combat, byHercules, who had accepted his challenge.
ERZERON, or EKZERUM, a city of Turkey in Asia , thecapital ofTurcomania; five days journey from the Black Sea ,and 10 from the frontiers of Persia . Lon. 40. 41. E. Lat. 30.57. N.
ERZGEBIRG, or EUZGEBURG, a territory of Germany ,in Upper Saxony, surroundedEy those of Leipsic, Meissen , Yogt-landt, Neustadt, Bohemia , and Altenburgh.
ESARIIADIDON, or ASAK-ADDON, the son of Senna-cherib, and his successor in the kingdom of Assyria , about 11. C,71". He united the kingdoms of Nineveh and Babylon; con-quered Ethiopia and Syria; sent a colony to Samaria ; and his ge-nerals took king Manasseh, and carried him in chains to Babylon.He reigned 29 years at Nineveh , from A. M. 3294 to 3322 ; ami13 at Babylon ; in all 42 year'. lle died A. M. 3330, and wassucceeded by SaosducItinm. Esarliaddon, in the opinion of SirIsaac Newton , is the Sardanapalus who died, as Clectarchus says,of old age, after the revolt of Syria ; the name Sardanapalus beingderived from Asserbadon Pul.
ESAU, (Ytt’y, Ih*l>. i. e. doing.] See Edom .
Esau, a mountain of Arabia, in Yemen , 4 miles N. of Udden.
ESC AC ENA, a town of Spain, in Seville , 20 miles VV. ofSeville .
ESCALLONIA, a genus of the monogynia order, and pentan-dria class of plants. Fruit bilocular, polysperumus; petals distant,tongue-shaped ; stigma headed.
ESCALONA, two tonus of Spain ; 1. in New Castile, 32miles S. \V. of Madrid: 2. in Old Castile, 14 miles N. N. E. ofSegovia .
ESCAPE, in law, a violent or privy evasion out of some law-ful restraint, without being delivered by due course of law.There are tw o sorts of escapes, voluntary and negligent.
Escape, Negligent, is where one is arrested, and afterwardsescapes against the will of the person that arrested him, and is notpursued with fresh suit, and retaken before the persen pursuinghath lost sight of him. By Mat. Hand 9 Will. III. c. 2(5. thekeepers of prisons conniving at escapes shall forfeit 500A and itcivil cases, (he sherilT is answerable for the debt.
Escape, Voluntary, when a man arrests another for felony,or other crime, and afterwards lets him go Ireelv hv consent ; inwhich case, the party that permits such escape is held guilty, com-mitted, and must answer for it.
ESCAUT, or the SCHELDT, a department of Belgium , con-taining part of the late Austrian Flanders. Ghent is the capital .
ESCHAR, in surgery, the crust or scab occasioned by burntor caustic medicines. See Surgery.
ESCTIAROTICS, in pharmacy, medicines which produceeschars. See Eschar.
ESCHEAT, in our law, denotes an obstruction of the courseof descent, and a consequent determination of the tenure by someunforeseen contingency ; in which rase, the land naturally resultsback, by a kind of reversion, to the original grantor, or lord of the
fee.