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A third method of etching on glass is as follows: Having put thewax on the glass, draw your design, and raise a margin all roundit. Then put pounded fluor spar, with some sulphuric acid dilut-ed with water, upon the glass. The sulphuric acid will disengagethe tluorie, which will be absorbed by the water, and corrode the

glass-

ETEOCLES, in fabulous history, the eldest son of CEdipusand Jocasta. See Creon. Having reigned one vear in Thebes ,he refused to give up the crown to his brother, Polynices, accord-ing to their mutual agreement. Polynices, resolving to punishsuch a violation of a solemn engagement, implored the assistanceof Adrastus king of Argos. He received that king’s daughter inmarriage, and was soon after assisted u ith a strong army headedby'seven famous generals. Eteocles chose seven brave chiefs tooppose these, and stationed them at the seven gates of the city.He placed himself against his brother Polynices, and he opposedMenaiippus to Tydeus, Polyphontes to Capaneus, Megareus toEteocles, Hyperbiusto Parthenopauis, and Lasthenes to Amphia-Taus. After much blood had been shed, it was at last agreed be-tween the two brothers that the war should be decided by a sin-gle combat. Inflamed with the most inveterate fury on eachside, they both fell; and it is said that their ashes separated on thefuneral pile, as if still sensible of resentment, and ho,tile to recon-ciliation.

ETERNITY, is one of the attributes of God . See Logicand Metaphysics.

Eternity, in mythology, a divinity among the Romans, whohad neither temples nor altars. They represented it under thefigure of a woman, who held the sun in one hand and the moonin the other: her symbols were a phoenix, a globe, and an ele-phant.

ETESI/E, or ETESIAN Winds, are such as blow at statedtimes of the year, from what part soever of the compass theycome. They are so called from the Greek word do;, year, beinganniversary winds, such as our seamen call monsoons and tradewinds, which in some parts of the w orld continue constantly blow -ing for certain stated seasons of the rear.

ETHER, [ir ther, Latin ; in chemistry. See .Ether

and Pharmacy.

Ether, in physiology. See ;Ether .

ETHICS , [from sit©', manners, because the object thereof isto form the manners,] the science of manners or duly, which ittraces from man’s nature and condition, and shews to terminatein his happiness; or, in other words it is the knowledge of ourduty and felicity, or the art of being virtuous and happy. SeeMoral Philosophy .

ETHIOPIA, a celebrated empire of Africa , whose boundarieshave never been exactly defined either by ancient or moderngeographers. Mr. Cruttwell divides it into Upper and Lower.Some writers of antiquity gave the title of Ethiopians to all nationswhose complexion was black: Hence we find the Arabians as wellas many other Asiatics sometimes falling under this denomination ;besides a number of Africans whose country lay at a distance fromEthiopia Proper. Thus the Africans in general were by thesewriters divided into the western or Hesperian Ethiopians, andthose above Egypt situated to the E. of the former; the latterbeing much more generally known than the former, by the com-merce they carried on with the Egyptians. From this account wemay easily understand, why there Is sucli a seeming disagreementamong ancient authors concerning the situation of the empire ofEthiopia , and likewise why it should pass under such a variety ofnames. Sometimes it was named India , and the inhabitants In-dians; an appellation likewise applied to many other distantrations. Sometimes it was denominated Atlantia and Etheria, andin the most remote periods of antiquity Cephenia; but moreusually Abasene, a word resembling its modern names, Habash,Abassia, or Abyssinia. On the other hand, we find Persia , Chal-d*a, Assyria, "&c. styled Ethiopia by some writers; and all thecountries extending along the coast of the Red Sea were promis-cuously denominated India and Ethiopia. By the Jews the em-pire of Ethiopia was styled Cush and Ludim. Notwithstandingthis diversity of appellations, and vast diffusion of territory ascribedto the Ethiopians, there was one country to which the title wasthought more properly to belong than to any of the rest; andwhich was therefore called Ethiopia Propria. This was bounded

on the N. by Egypt , extending all the wav to the lesser cataractof the Nile, and an island named Elephantine ; on the W. it hadLibya interior; on the E. the Red Sea , and on the S. unknownparts of Africa ; though these boundaries cannot be fixed with anyprecision. In this country the ancients distinguished a great va-riety of different nations, to whom they gave names either fromsome personal property, or from their manner of living. Theprincipal of these were, 1. The Blemmyes, sealed near the bor-ders of Egypt ; and who, probably from the shortness of theirnecks, were said to have no heads, but eyes, mouths, &c. in theirbreasts. Their form, somehow or other, must have been very ex-traordinary, as we learn from Vopiscus, who gives an account ofsome of the captives of this nation brought to Rome. 2. TheNobatx, inhabiting the banks of the Nile near the island Elephan-tine , said to have been removed thither by Oasis to repress the in-cursions of the Blemmyes. 3. The Troglodytes, by some writerssaid to belong to Egypt , and described as little superior to brutes.4. 'Pile Nubians inhabiting N ubia. 5. Tbe Pigmies, by some sup-posed to be a tribe of Troglodytes; but by the most approvedwriters placed on the African coast of the Red Sea . 0. T heAualitx or Abalitx, of whom we know nothing more than that theywere situated near the Abalilic gulf. 7. The Struthiophagi, socalled from their feeding upon ostriches, were situated to the S.of the Menmones. 8. 'I he Acridophagi; 9- Chelonophagi; 10.Ichthyophagi; 11. Cynamolgi; 12. Elephantopliagi; 13. Rhi-zophagi ; 14. Sperinatophagi; 15. Ilylophagi; and, 16. Oplii-opliagi: all of whom had their names from the food they made useof, viz. locusts, tortoises, fish, bitches milk, elephants, roots, fruitsor seeds, shrubs, and serpents. 17. The Hylogones, near to theElephantopliagi, and who were so savage that they had no houses,nor any other places to sleep iu but the tops of trees. 18. Tbe Pam-phugi, who used almost every thing indiscriminately for food. 19.Pile Agriophagi, who lived on the flesh of wild beasts. 20. TheAnthropophagi, or man-eaters, are now supposed to have been theCadies, and not any inhabitants of Proper Ethiopia . 21. TheHippophagi, or horse-eaters, who lay on the N. of Libya Incog-nita. 22. The Macrobii, a powerful nation, remarkable for theirlongevity ; many of them attaining the age of 120 years. 23. TheSambri, sit dated near the city of Tenupsis in Nubia upon the Nile ;of whom it is reported that all the quadrupeds they had, not ex-cepting even the elephants, were destitute of ears. 24. TheAsachx, a people inhabiting tiie mountainous parts, and con-tinually employed in hunting elephants. Besides these, therewere a number of other nations or tribes, of whom we scarceknow any tiling but the names ; as the Gapachi, Ptoemphanes,Caladupi, Pechini, Catadrae, &c. The most famous cities andtowns of ancient Ethiopia were Abalis, Axum, Caloe, Metis ,Mondus, Mosylon, Napata, Opone, and Premis or Premnis. Theclimate of Ethiopia varies, according to the situation and elevationof the ground. On the coast of the Red Sea , as well as the openflat parts of the country in general, the heat is so intense, that atSuakcm, an island in the Red Sea, Gregory, the Abyssine , relatesthat it was so great, as to excoriate any part of the body exposedto the solar rays, melt hard sealing-wax, and sear a garment likered hot iron. In several districts, however, the heat is milderthan in Portugal , and in Samen the air is rather cold than otherwise.In some other provinces the winter is very severe, though snow isseldom seen. Hail indeed sometimes falls, and Mr. Bruce men-tions snow having once fallen which lasted three clays, and waslooked upon as a prodigy. There are frequent and violent thun-ders, with excessive deluges of rain during part of the year, andviolent storms of wind. The missionaries mention a kind of windnamed Sendo, which, according to Gregory, may be seen like aserpent of vast magnitude with its bead on the ground, and the bodytwisted in vast curls up to tbe skies. 'Phis, in all probability, is thatviolent species of whirlwind, named Tvphon, frequent in Egypt ,America , and other warm countries: and its being visible is owingto the dust which it takes up in its passage. In a country inhabitedby such a variety of nations, as we have above enumerated, all ina state of extreme barbarism, it is rather to lie wondered that wehave any history at all, than that it is not more distinct. It isgenerally agreed that Cu'h was the great progenitor of the inha-bitants, and lienee the country has been named from him. Manyauthors are of opinion, that Ethiopia received its first inhabitantsfrom the country lying E. of the Red Sea ; and that the descendants,1