EVE

336 E V I

saying she was capable of making her own fortune. Pleading at'Athens against her two brothers, for a share in her father’s estate,without success, she carried her cause personally by appeal toConstantinople ; recommended herself to Pulcberia, the sister ofthe emperor Theodosius ll. embraced Christianity , was baptizedby the name of Eudosia, (her original name being Athenais, ) andsoon after married to the emperor. Their union lasted a consi-derable tihle: but a difference at last taking place, on account ofthe emperor’s jealousy, excited bv Chrysapius the eunuch, sheretired to Jerusalem , where she spent many years in building andadorning churches and in relieving the poor. Dupin says thatshe did not return thence till after the emperor’s death : but Cavetells us, that she was reconciled to him, returned to Constantino-ple , and continued with him till his death ; after which she wentagain to Palestine, where she spent the remainder of her life inpious works. She died A. I). 459, or 460. Cave says that onher death-bed she took a solemn oath, by which she declared her-self entirely free from any stain or unchastity. She wrote a para-phrase on the first eight books of the Old Testament in heroicverse ; another in prose on Daniel and Zachavias; a history of St.Cyprian and Justina, and a Life of Christ, in heroics, w ith manyother poems, which are lost.

EUDOXIANS, a sect of heretics in the 4th century, who ad-hered to the errors of the Arians and Eunomians, maintaining thatthe Son was created out of nothing ; that he had a will differentfrom that of the Father, Ac

EUDOXIUS, the founder of the sect of the Eudoxians, waspatriarch of Antioch and Constantinople , and succeeded Macedo-nia in the latter see, A. D. 360. He was a zealous defender ofthe Arian doctrine ; and died A. D. 370.

EUDOXUS, a celebrated astronomer of Cnidus , in Cana, whoflourished about 1?. C. 370. lie studied geometry under Archy-tas, and travelled into Egypt to learn the other sc iences. Therehe and Plato studied together for thirteen years, alter which theycame to Athens; where Eudoxus taught with so much renown,that even Plato is said to have envied him. Eudoxus composed“ Elements of Geometry,” from which, Proclus tells us, Euclid himself borrowed liberally. Cicero calls Eudoxus the greatestastronomer that ever lived, and Petronius says, lie spent the latterpart of his life on the top of a high mountain, that he might con-template the stars with more convenience. Strabo says, the re-mains of his observatory w'ere to be seen at Cnidus in his time.He died in his 53d year.

EVE, [nin, Heb. i. e. she lived,] the mother of all mankind.See Adam.

EVELYN, John, a most learned writer and natural philoso-pher, born at Wotton in Surrey , the seat of his father, in 1620.After making the tour of Europe , he returned about 1651, andlived very retired at his rural retreat, Say’s Court , near Deptfordin Kent. He was very assiduous in transmitting to the Royal So-ciety whatever fell within the compass of his inquiries ; and usedhumbly to style himself pioneer in the service. When the num-ber of books he published is considered, the many he left behindhim unfinished and unpublished, and the variety of subjects onwhich he employed his time, his industry and application appearastonishing. “ His life,” says Mr. Walpole, “ was a course ofinquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and benevolence. Theworks of the Creator, and the mimic labours of the creature wereall objects of his pursuit. He unfolded the perfections of the one,and assisted the imperfections of the other. He adored from ex-amination ; was a courtier that flattered only by informing hisprince, and pointing out what was worthy of him to countenance ;and was really the neighbour of the Gospel, for there was no manthat might not have been the better for him. He was one of thefirst promoters of the Royal Society , a patron of the ingenious andindigent, and peculiarly serviceable to the lettered world ; for,besides his writings and discoveries, he obtained the Arundelianmarbles for the university of Oxford, and the Arundelian libraryfor the Royal Society : nor is it the least part of his praise, that hewho proposed to Mr. Boyle the erection of a philosophical collegefor retired and speculative persons, had the honesty to write indefence of active life, against Sir George Mackenzie’s “ Essay onSolitude.” He knew that retirement in his own hands was indus-try and benefit to mankind ; but in those of others, laziness andInutility.” There are five small prints of his journey front Rome

to Naples, drawn and etched by him; and among his publishedworks are, 1. A Character of England; 2. 'The state of France ;3. An Essay on the first book of Lucretius De Rerum Natura ; 4i'File French Gardener; 5. A Panegyric on King Charles IP’sCoronation, ; 6. Fwmifugum, or tiie Inconveniences of the Airand Smoke of London dissipated; 7. The History and Art ofEngraving on Copper; 8. A Parallel between the Ancient Archi-tecture and Modern ; 9. Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees;and several others. This amiable gentleman died, full of age andhonour, in 1706.

KV EN N UMBERS. See Number.

Evenly even Numbers, or Evenly odd Numbers, SeeNumber.

EVER-GREEN, in gardening, a -species of perennials, whichcontinue their verdure, leaves, &c. all the year: such are hollies,plnllyria’s laurustinuses, bays, pines, firs, cedars of Leba-non , Ac.

EVERLASTING PEA. See Lathyrus.

EVEllSHOT, a town of Dorsetshire, 12 miles N. W. of Dor-chester .

EVESDROPPEUS, in law, persons who stand under the eves,walls, or windows, of a house, by day or by night, to listen afternews, and carry it to others, thereby raising strife and contention intiie neighbourhood. They are punishable in the court-leet, orquarter-sessions.

EVESHAM, a township of New Jersey, in Burlington county,between the forks of Moore’s Creek; 16 miles E. of Philadel-phia .

Evesham, or Evesholm, commonly called FXam, a boroughof Worcestershire , seated on a gentle ascent from the river Avon.It is 14 miles S. E. of Worcester , and .95 N. W r . by W. of Lou-don.

EUGENIA, the Yamboo ; a genus of the monogynia order,and icosandria class of plants; natural order, Hesperidea;. Calyxquadripartite, superior; petals four ; fruit a monospermous quad-rangular plum. There are eleven species, natives of the East orWest Indies .

EVIAN, a town of France , in the department of Mont Blanc, onthe S. side of the lake of Geneva, 23 miles N. E. of Geneva .

EVICTION, in law, signifies a recovery of lands, or tenements.When lands, Ac.are evicted before rent reserved upon a lease becomesdue, the lessee is not liable to pay any rent. Likewise, if on an ex-change of lands, either of the parties is evicted of the land givenin exchange, the party evicted may, in that case, re-enter his ownlands. And a widow being evicted of her thirds, shall be endowedin the other lands of the heir.

EVIDENCE, in law, signifies proof by testimony of men uponoath, or by w ritings or records. It is called evidence, becausethereby the point in issue, in a cause to be tried, is to be madeevident. The system of evidence, as now established in our courtsof common law, is very full, comprehensive, ami refined; far dif-ferent from, and superior to, any thing known in the middle ages;—as far superior in that as in all other improvements and refine-ments in science, arts, and manners. As to evidence, the com-mon law requires no certain number of w itnesses, though in somecases the statute-law does. The testimony of one single evidenceis sufficient for the crown in all causes, except treason or con-spiracy against the state, where there must be two: sometimesviolent presumption will be admitted as evidence,without witnesses,as where a person is run through the body in a bouse, and one isseen to come out of that bouse with a bloody sword. In general,a party interested in a suit, a wife for or against her husband, unlessin eases of treason, an alien iulidel, persons non sana: memoria-, suchas are convicted of felony, perjury, Ac. may not be evidence inthe cause: but kinsmen, though ever so near, also tenants, servants,masters, attornies for their clients, one of the jurors upon trial, andall others that are not infamous, and who want not understanding,or are no parties in interest, maybe allowed to give evidence;though the credit of servants is left to the jury : also the judgegoing off the bench may give evidence. Witnesses are summonedbv writ of subpoena to attend on penalty of 1001. to the king, andltd. to the party, with charges by statute 5 Eliz. c. 9. All wit-nesses of all religious, who believe in a future state of rew ards andpunishments are received, but not persons infamous in law by theircrimes, nor persons directly interested in the matter in issue; andi no