E X O

352

EXP

v ill, by degrees, be quite exhausted, and the circle become equalto the polygon. See Archimed. de Dimens. Circuit; Wallis’sAlgebra , Cli. 73 ; and Ronayne’s Alg. part 3, p. 395. Upon themethod of exhaustions depends the method of indivisibles intro-duced bv Cavalerius, which is but a shorter way of expressing themethod of exhaustions ; as also Wallis’s Arithmetic of Infinites,which is a farther improvement of the method of indivisibles ; andhence also the methods of increments, differentials, fluxions, andinfinite series.

EXHEREDATION, in the civil law, with us ordinarily call-ed disinheriting, is the father’s act of excluding his sou from in-heriting his estate.

EXHIBIT, inlaw, is where a deed, or other writing, beingproduced in a chancery suit to be proved by witnesses, the com-missioner, appointed for the examination, certifies on the back ofthe writing, that it was shewn to the witness at his examination,and by him sworn to.

EXHIBI TION, a benefaction settled for the benefit of scho-lars in (he universities, that are not on the foundation.

Exhibition, in law-, a production of titles, and other proofs ofI t matter in contest.

■EXHORTATION, in rhetoric, differs only from Suasion, inthat the latter principally endeavours to convince the understand-ing, and the former to work on the affections.

EXHUMATION, [from ex, out of, and humus, ground,] theact of digging up a body interred in holy ground, by the autho-rity of the judge.

"EX1D EU1L, a town of France, in the department of Dor-dogne ; 30 miles S. of Limoges .

EXIGENT, in law, a writ which lies where the defendant in apersonal action cannot be found, nor any effects of his within theCounty, by which he may be attached or distrained.

EXIGENTERS, four officers in the court of common pleas,who make all exigents and proclamations in actions where processof outlawry lies.

EXILE. See Banishment . Among the Romans cxiliumproperly signifies an interdiction or exclusion from watur or fire ;the necessary consequence of which was, that the interdicted per-son must betake himself into some other country, since there wasno liv ing without fire and water. Thus Cicero , ad Herenn. ob-serves that the form of the sentence did not express exilium, butonly aqua; et ignis interdietio: and that “ exile was not properly'a punishment, but a voluntary flying and avoiding the punishmentdecreed.”

EXILES, or EX1LLES, a town and fort of Piedmont, seatedon the Dorw, 5 miles \V. S. W. of Suza, and 40 N. E. of Em-brun.

F.XILIUM. See Exile.

EXISTENCE, that whereby any thing has an actual essence,or is said to be. See Essence.

EXITERIA, iu antiquity, oblations or prayers to (he gods fora prosperous journey: also feasts celebrated by the Greeks withsacrifices, when their generals undertook expeditions against anenemy.

EXLUNZA. a town of Spain , 5 miles S. of Leon.

EXMOUTH, a sea-port on the S. coast of Devonshire , at themouth of the Ex, 10 miles S. of Exeter .

EXOACANTHA, a genus of the class and order pentandriadigynia. Iiivolucriiin spiny. Flowers all hermaphrodite, withequal inflexions ; seeds ovate, striated. There is one species.

EXOCCETUS, or the Flying Fish , in ichthyology, a genusof the order abdominafes. Head scaly; teeth none ; jaws con-nected on each side; gill membrane, ten-rayed ; pectoral finsvery long and large, and giving, to a certain degree, the power offlight. 'There are three species. The E. exiliens, or the Mediter-ranean fly ing-fish, is about fourteen inches long, and is found prin-cipally in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Sens, frequently alone,and sometimes in small companies. By the extraordinary lengthof its pectoral fins it is enabled to quit the water, and support aRight, about three feet above the surface, fur the distance ot eightyor a hundred yards, after which it is obliged to return to the waterand moisten its fins, which, even in this short progress, becomeiiard and drv. See Plate I.V.

EX O DIARY, in the ancient Roman tragedy, the person who,after the play was ended, sung the Exodium.

EXODIUM, in the ancient Greek drama, one of the fourdivisions of tragedy; the part that included the catastrophe andunravelling of the plot; answering nearly to our fourth and fifthacts.

Exodium, among the Romans, consisted of certain humorousverses rehearsed by the exodiary at the end of the Fabulie Atel-lamo.

Exodtum, in the Septuagint, signifies the end or conclusion ofa feast. It is particularly used for the Sth day of the feast of ta-bernacles, which, it is said, had a special view to the commemora-tion of the exodus or departure out of Egypt .

EXODUS, or EXODY, [ffaf©-,] departure; journey froma place: the second book of Moses is so called, because it de-scribes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt .

EXOMPHALOS, £;{ and •/Ajax©-,] a navel rupture. SeeHernia and Surgery.

EXORCISM, the form of adjuration, or reli-

gious ceremony by which evil and malignant spirits are drivenaway.

Exorcism means also the power of expelling devils from per-sons possessed. The Jew s made great pretences to this power.Josephus tells several wonderful tales of the great success ot seve-ral exorcists.

EXORDIUM, in rhetoric, is the preamble or beginning, serv-ing to prepare the audience for the rest of the discourse. Exor-diums are of two kinds, either just and formal, or vehement andabrupt. The last are most suitable on occasions of extraordinaryjoy, indignation, or the like. All exordiums should be composedwith a view to captivate the good will, or attract the attention ofthe audience. The first may he done by paying them some com-pliment: thus St. Paul, “ 1 think myself happy, king Agrippa ,because I shall answer for myself this day before thee, touching ailthe things whereof I am accused of the Jews , especially because Iknow thee to be expert'in all customs and questions which areamong the Jews .” See Oratory.

EXOS TOSIS, [if and oriov,] any protuberance of a hone thatis not natural, as often happens in venereal cases.—Quincy.

EXO TERIC and ESOTERIC, terms denoting external andinternal, applied to the double doctrine of the ancient philoso*phers; the former public, the latter secret. 'The exoteric wasthat which they openly professed and taught to the world ; theesoteric was confined to a small number of chosen disciples. 'Thismethod was derived originally from the Egyptians: who accord-ing to Herodotus, Diodorns Siculus, Strabo, Plutarch , &c. had atwofold philosophy, one secret and sacred; the other public andcommon. 'The same practice also obtained among the PersianMagi, the Druids of the Gauls , and the Brachmans ot India.

EXOTIC, [ifuiTixo,-,] an appellation denoting a tiling to be theproduce of foreign countries. Exotic plants of the hot climatesare very numerous, and require the utmost attention of the gar-dener to make them thrive with us. 'The best method of pack-ing exotic plants for a voyage, especially if they be such as willperish above ground, is to sot their roots as closely as possible inwooden boxes, filled with proper soil, ami provided with han-dles : (his operation may be performed three weeks before theyare shipped. During fair weather, they should he exposed uponthe deck, but in wet or unfavourable seasons, they ought to beremoved, or covered with a tarpawlin. If exotics he conveyedto a colder climate, they require very little moisture ; but, ifthey are sent from a cold to a warmer country, it will be neces-sary to water thorn liberally.

EXPANSION, among metaphysicians, denotes (he idea wehave of lasting distance, all whose parts exist together.

Expansion, as generally employed in science, denotes anincrease of the bulk of any body by a power acting from within.It may be laid down as a general rule, to which there is no knownexception, that every addition or abstraction of caloric makes acorresponding change in the bulk of the body which has beensubjected to this alteration in the quantity of its heat. In general,the addition of heat increases the bulk of a body, and (lie abstrac-(ion of it diminishes its hulk ; but this is not uniformly the ease,though the exceptions are not numerous. Indeed these excep-tions arc not only confined to a very small number of bodies, buteven in them they do not hold, except at certaiu particular tem-peratures, while at all other temperatures these bodies are increased

in