FAC

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FAH

entry at the custom-house, and the goods be seized in conse-quence thereof, he must hear the loss, unless the error be occa-sioned by a mistake in the invoice, or letter of advice. Theowner bears the loss of goods seized when attempted to be smug-gled by his orders: but tiie factor complying with an unlawfulorder is liable in such penalties as the laws exact. If a factor savethe duly of the goods due to a foreign prince, he shall have thebenefit; for, if detected he bears the loss. If a factor sell goodsbought by bis employer’s orders for his own advantage, the em-ployer may recover the benefit, and the factor shall be amercedfor the same. If a factor receive bad money] in payment, hebears the loss; but if the value of the money be lessened by thegovernment, the employer bears the loss. A factor is not liablefor goods spoiled, robbed, or destroyed by lire. If a factor re-ceive counterfeit jewels from his employer, and sell them, theemployer is liable to indemnify him for any penalties he may in-cur. If a factor be ordered to make insurance, and neglect it,and the subject be lost, he is liable to make it good, providing bebad effects in his hands. If a factor buy goods for his employer,his bargain shall be binding on the employer. In case of a factor’sinsolvency, the owner may reclaim his goods; and, if they be soldon trust, the owner (and not the factor’s creditors) shall' recoverpayment of the debts.

Factor, in multiplication, a name given to the multiplier andmultiplicand, because they constitute the product. See Arith-metic.

FACTORAGE, called also commission, is the allowance givento factors by the merchants who employ them.

FACTORY is a place where a considerable number of factorsreside, to negotiate for their masters and employers. The mostconsiderable factories belonging to the British are those establish-ed in the East Indies. There were also factories in Portugal ,Turkey, and at Hamburgh, Petersburgh, Dantzic, and Amster-dam , all endowed with certain privileges. The ascendency of theFrench Emperor, for the present, at least, has put an end to these,or to most of them. However, we indulge a strong hope that theevent will at fangth prove favourable to o\ir interest.

FACTUM* [Lat.] in arithmetic, the product of two quantitiesmultiplied bv each other.

FACTUltE, [French, ] the act or manner of making anythins.

FAG'ULzE, [Lat. from. fax, a torch,] in astronomy, a namegiven by Schemer and others, to certain bright spots on the sun’sdisk, that appear more lucid than the rest of his body. Hevelius affirms, that on July 20, 1G34, he observed a facula, whose breadthwas equal to one-third of the sun’s diameter. Kircher, Scheiner,and others, represent the sun’s body, as full of these facula 4 , whichthey suppose to be volcanos; ami others contend, that the ma-cula; change into facula; before they disappear. But Huygensand others of the latest aud best observers, finding that the besttelescopes discover nothing of the matter, agree entirely to ex-plode the phenomena of faculse ; and attribute the cause of theseappearances to the tremulous agitation of the vapours near ourearth. Dr. Hutton concludes that “ the facuh-e are not eructa-tion-. of fire and flame, but refractions of the sun’s rays in therarer exhalations, which, being condensed, seem to exhibit a lightgreater than that of the sun.” Math. Diet. vol. i. p. 4G6.

FACULTY, a term used to denote the powers of the humanmind, viz. understanding, will, memory, and imagination. SeeL'ndsrstanding and Metaphysics.

h accltv, in law, a privilege granted to a person, by favourand indulgence, of doing what, by law, he ought not to do. Forgranting these privileges, there is a court under the archbishop ofCanterbury , called the court of the faculties. The chief officerof this court is styled master of the faculties, and has a power ofgranting dispensations in divers cases; as, to marrv without thebanns being first published, to eat flesh on days prohibited, to or-dain a deacon under age, for a son to Succeed his father in his be-nefice, a clerk to hold two or more livings, &c.

Faculty, in the schools, a term applied to the different mem-bers of an university, divided according to the arts and sciencestaught there : thus in most universities there are four faculties,viz. I. Of arts, which include humanity and philosophy. 2. Of(neology. 3. Of physic. And, 4. Ot civil law. The degreesin the several faculties in our universities are tho c e of bachelor,master, and doctor.

VC)!., ii.—NO. 79 ,

Faculty op Advocates, a term applied to the college orsociety of advocates in Scotland , who plead in all actions be.orethe court of session. They meet in the beginning of every year,and choose the annual officers of the society, viz. dean, trea-surer, clerks, private and public examinators, and a curator oftheir libr try.

Faces, in chemistry, settlings after distillation and infusion.The fames of wine are commonly called lees.

Faces. See Feces.

FjECULA, in chemistry, the'substance obtained by bruising orgrinding certain vegetables, or grain, in water; the fiecuia is thatpart which after standing some time falls to the bottom ; this, inplants, appears to be only a slight alteration of their mucilage, forit differs from mucilage in no other respect than in being insolu-ble in cold water. Most plants contain fxcula, but the seeds ofgramineous and iegumineous vegetables, and all tuberose roots, con-tain it in great abundance.

FAENSA, FAENZA, or FAYENCE, a fortified city of Italy ,in Romagna , anciently called Faveutia. It is 12 miles S. W. ofRavenna .

FAGARA, Iron-wood ; a genus of the monogynia order andtetrandria class of plants; natural order, DuniostE. Calyx quad-riiid; corolla tetrapetalous; capsule bivalved, monospermous.There are ten species, natives chiefly of the warm parts of America ,rising with woody stems more than 20 feet high.

FAGG, in the sea language, a term given to the end of thosestands which do not go through the tops, when a cable or rope isdosed.

FAGONIA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and de-can dria class of plants : natural order, Gruinales. Calyx five-leaved; petals five, cordate; capsula five-celled, ten-vaived, withone seed in each cell. There are three species, natives of Spain ,Crete , and Arabia.

FAGOT, in times of popery, was a badge worn on the sleeve ofthe upper garment of such persons as had abjured what was thentermed heresy ; being put on after the person had carried a fagot,by way of penance, to some appointed place of solemnity, 'lheleaving off the wear of this badge was sometimes interpreted a signof apostacy.

Fagots, among military men persons hired by officers, whosecompanies are not full, to muster and hide the deficiencies cf thecompany ; by which means they cheat the king of so muchmoney.

EAGK zEA, a genus of the class and order pentandria monogynia.Calyx bell-shaped ; corollafunnel-sliaped ; berry two-celled, fleshy ;seeds globular; stigma peltate. One species, a shrub of Ceylon.

FAGUS, Blech Tree: a genus of the polyandria order, andmoncecia class of plants ; natural order, Amentacca\ Male, calyxfive-cleft, bell-shaped; corolla none; stamina twelve: female,calyx four-toothed ; corolla none; styles three; capsule muricate,four-valved; seeds two. There are five species, viz. twochcs-nut trees, and three of the beech, one of w hich is a native ofCochinchina . The chesnut tree will thrive upon almost any soilwhich lies out of the water's way; but disaffects wet inoorish land.It sometimes grows to an immense size. The largest in the know nworld are those which grow upon Mount zEtna in Sicily . AtTortworth in Gloucestershire , is a chesnut-tree 52 feet round. Itis proved to have stood there ever since 11 j 0, and was then so re-markable that it was called the great chesnut of .Tortworth. Ittixes the boundary of the manor, and is probably near 1000 yearsold. As an ornamental, the chesnut is well worthy the gardener'sattention. Its uses have been highly extolled. As a substitutefor the oak, it is preferable to the elm : for door jambs, window-frames, and some other purposes, it is nearly equal to oak itself;but there is a deceitful brittleness in it which renders it unsafe tobe used in beams, or in any other situation where an uncertain loadis required to be born. It is excellent for liquor casks; not beingliable to shrink, nor to change the colour of the liquor, it is alsorecommended as an underwood for hop-poles, stakes, &c. Itsfruit too is valuable, not only for sViue and deer, but as a humanfood : Bread is said to have been made of it.

FAIIALFAI1ARA, a tow n of Persia , in the province of Mrscran, 100 miles N. W. of Kidge,

FAD Ell, one of the New Philippine islands.

FA11LUN, a town of Sweden , capital of Daitcarlia. It is 30miles N. W. of Hedemora.

4 Z FAHRAGj