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least twice as long as the rod, unless the river is encumbered withtrees. ■ t>. For every sort of’IIv, have several of the same, differ-ing in colour, to suit with die different complexions of several wa-ters and weathers. 7. Have a nimble eye and active band, tostrike presently with the rising of the fish, or else he will be apt tothrow out the hook. 8. Let the fly fall first into the water, and•not the line, which will scare the fish. 9. In slow rivers, or stillplaces, cast the llv across the river, and let it sink a little in thewater, and draw it gently back with the current. Salmon-flies■should be made with their wings standing one behind the other,■whether two or four. This fish delights in the gaudiest coloursthat can he ; chieliv in the wings, which must he long, as well asthe tail, 'idle best wing is the hackle of the golden pheasant,i Pastes.— 1. Take the blood of a sheep, and mix it with honey.and flour to a proper consistence. 2. 1'ake old cheese grates), alittle butter sufficient to work it, and colour it with saffron; inwinter use rustv bacon instead of butter. 3. Crumbs, of bread-chewed or worked with honey or sugar, moistened with gum-wa-der. 4. Bread chewed, and worked in the hand till it becomesstiff, which with a little cotton wool to make it stick on the hookis the best of all.
■ Worms . — I. The earth-bob, found in sandy ground afterploughing ; it is white, with a red head, and bigger than a gentle ;another is found in heathy ground with a blue head. Keep them.in an earthen vessel well covered, and a sufficient quantity of themould they harbour in. They are excellent from April to No->emher. 2. Gentles, to he had from putrid flesh ; let them lie inwheat-bran a few days before used. 3. Flag-worms, found in theroots of flags: they are of a pale yellow colour, are longer andthinner than a gentle, and must be scoured like them. 4. Cow-dung,- bog, or clap-bait, found under cow-dung from May to Mi-
chaelmas; it is like a-gentle* but-larger. Keep ip in its nativeearth like the earth-bob. 5. Cadis-worm, or cod-bait, found un-der loose stones in shallow rivers : they are always covered witha case of sticks or small gravel, and when drawn out of their caseare yellow, bigger than a gentle, with a black or blue head, andare in season from April to July. Keep them in flannel bags.0. Lob-worm, found in gardens: it iswery large, and has a redhead, a streak down the back, and a fiat broad tail. 7. Marsh-worms, found in marshy ground ; keep them in moss ten daysbo-l'ore you use them : their colour is a blucish red ; are a good baitfrom March to Michaelmas. 8. Brandling or red worms, foundin rotten dunghills and tunnel's’ hark; they are red or rather strip-ed worms, very good for all small fish, have sometimes a yellow-tail, ora smaller sort are called tag-tails or gilt-tails, they have notthe annular stripe of the brandling.
Fish and Insects. — 1 . Minnow. 2. Gudgeon. 3. Roach.4. Dace. 5. Smelt. 6. Yellow frog. 7. Snail slit. 8. Grass-hopper. Floats, are little appendages to the line, used for fishingat bottom, and serving to keep the hook and bait suspended at theproper depth, to discover when the fish have hold of them, &c.Of these there are many kinds : some made of quills, which arethe best for slow waters; hut for strong streams sound cork, with-out flaws or holes, bored through with a hot iron, into which isput a quill of a fit proportion, is preferable ; the cork should beshaped to a pyramidal torm, and made smooth. The fishing-hook,in general, ought to he long in the shank, somewhat thick in thecircumference, the point even and straight; the bend should hein the shank. For setting the hook on, use strong but small silk,laying the hair on the inside of the hook ; for if it is on the out-side, the silk will fret.and cut it asunder.
FISHING-LINE, a line made either of hair twisted, or silk ;or the Indian grass. The best colours are the sorrel, white, andgrey ; the two last for clear water.., the first for muddy ones. ThePale watery green colour is given artificially, by steeping the hairin a liquor made of alum, soot, and the juice of walnut leaves,Boiled together.
Fishing-rod, a long slender rod or wand, to which the line isfastened, for angling. Of these there are several sorts; as, 1. Atroller, or trolling rod, which has a ring at the end of the rod, forthe line to go through when it runs off a reel. 2. A whipper, or^hipping rod ; a top-rod, that is weak in the middle, and topheavy, hut all slender and fine. 3. A dropper; w hich is a strongtod and very light. 4. A snapper, or snap-rod ; w hich is a strongPole, peculiarly used for the pike. 5. A bottom-rod ; being the$ ame as the dropper, hut somewhat more pliable. 6. A sniggling°i' prooking stick ; a forked stick, having a short strong line, with ,a needle, bailed with a lobe worm : this is only for eels in their Iholes. i
FISH-RIVER, Great, a river of Africa , which divides Caf-fraria from the country of the Hottentots, and falls into the Indian°oean, in Lat. 30. 30. S.
FlSMES, a town of France, in the department of Marne , onthe Vesle, 15 miles N. W. of Rheims .
FISSATO, a town of Africa , in Tripoli, 90 miles W. of Tri-P°h. Lon. 12. O.E. Lat. 33. 50. N. ;
.FISSURE of a Bone, in surgery, is when it is dividede| ther transversely or longitudinally, not quite through, butcracked after the manner of glass, by any external iorce. SeeBurgeky.
. Iissur.es in the Earth , certain interruptions that in an ho-Jtzonlal or parallel manner divide tire several strata of which thebody of our terrestrial globe is composed.
F [STELLA, or FLEX A, a fortified town of Morocco , m theP'evince ori'edela, 125 miles N. E. of Morocco . .
h 1ST ULA, in the ancient music, an instrument of the wind-nul, resembling our flute or flageolet. The principal wind iu-'Unienls of the ancients, were the tibia and the fistula.
Vistula, in farriery. See Farriery .
MSTUI.A, in surgery, a deep, narrow ulcer, generally ansirig°' n a hscesses. It differs from a sinus, in being callous, the latterSee Surgery.
Vol, it.— no. 84.
FISTULARIA, the Tobacco-pipe Fish, in natural history,a genus of fishes of the order abdominales. Snout cylindrical;jaws distant from the eyes; gill-membrane with seven rays; bodytapering from the jaws to the tail. There are three species. 5.tahacana, or the slender fistularia, grows to the length of threefeet, and is found on the coasts of Brazil , by the inhabitants ofwhich it is eaten, though not much esteemed. It lives principallyupon smaller fishes, insects, and worms. The two other speciesare natives of the Indian seas.
FIT. See Paroxysm.
FIT AC 111, a kingdom of Japan, E. of the isle of Niplion.
FITCI1, in husbandry, is more generally known by the nameof chick-pea. See Cicer. Fitches are cultivated either for feed-ing cattle, or improving the land. They make a wholesome and,nourishing food, whether given in the straw or threshed out.When sow n only to improve the soil, they are ploughed in just asthey begin to blossom, by which means a tough stiff clay soil ismuch enriched.
FITCH ET, FITCHEW, or FITCH AT, in zoology. SeeMustela.
FITCHY, [from fshi, Fr. i. e. fixed,] in heraldry, a term ap-plied to a cross when the lower branch ends in a sharp point. Thereason of it Mackenzie supposes to be, that the Christians werewont to carry crosses with them wherever they went; and whenthey stopped on their journey at any place, they fixed those port-able crosses in the ground for devotion’s sake.
FITZ, [Norman, from ,/ik, a son, Fr.] a son. Only used inlaw and genealogy ; as Fitz-herbert, the son of Herbert; Fitz-thomas, the son ot Thomas ; Fitzroy, the son of the king. It iscommonlv used of illegitimate children.
F1TZH ERBERT, Sir Anthony, a very learned lawyer inthe reign of king Henry VIII . descended of an ancient family, andborn at Norbury in Derbyshire . He was made a judge of thecourt of common pleas in 1523; and distinguished lumself bymany valuable w orks, as well as by such an honourable dischargeol the duties of Ins office, as made him esteemed an. oracle of tflelaw. His writings are, The Grand Abridgment: The Office andAuthority of Justices of Peace : The Office of Sheriffs, Bailiffs ofLiberties, Escheators, Constables, Coroners, &c.: Of the Diver-sity of Courts': The New Nature Bievmm : Of the Surveying ofLands: and The Book of Husbandry, lie died in 1538.
5 U FUZSTEPHEN,