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be wrought on the spot .where it is to be cast. This is performedtwo ways: in the first, a square hole is dug under ground, muchbigger than the mould to be made therein, and its inside linedwith walls of free-stone or brick, At the bottom is made a holeof the same materials, with a kind of furnace, having its apertureoutwards: in this is a lire made to dry the mould, and afterwardsmelt the wax. Over this furnace is placed the grate, and uponthis the mould, Ac . formed as above. Lastly, at one of the edgesof the square pit, is made a large furnace to melt the metal. Inthe other wav, it is sufficient to work the mould above ground,but with the like precaution of a furnace and grate underneath.When finished, four walls are to be run around it, and by the sidethereof a massive made for a melting furnace. Lor the rest themethod is the same in both. The mould being finished, and in-closed as described, whether under ground or above it, a moderatefire is lighted in the furnace under it, and the whole covered withplanks, that the wax may melt gently down, and run out at pipescontrived for that purpose, at the foot of the mould, which areafterwards exactly closed with earth, so soon as the wax is carriedoff. .This dpne, the hole is filled up with bricks thrown in at ran-dom, and the fire in the furnace augmented till such time as boththe bricks and mould become red hot. After this, the fire beingextinguished, and every thing cold again, they takeout the bricks,and fill up their place with earth moistened, and a little beaten toJbe top of the mould, in order to make it the more firm and steady.I'hese preparatory measures being duly taken, there remains 110 -* king but to melt the metal, and run it into the mould. This is theoffice of the furnace above described, which is commonly made in<he form of an oven with three apertures, one to put in the wood,another for a vent, and a third to run the metal out at. From thislast aperture, which is kept very close, while the metal is in fusion,a small tube is laid, whereby the melted metal is conveyed into alarge earthen bason, over the mould, into the bottom of which allIhe big brandies of the jets, or casts, which are to convey the me-tal into all the parts of the mould, are inserted. These casts orJets are all terminated with a kind of plugs, which arc kept dose,Ifiat, upon opening the furnace, the brass, which gushes out withv ‘oience, may not enter any of them, till the bason be full enough°f matter to run into them all at once. Upon which occasion theyPull out the plugs, which are long iron rods with a head at onee ud, capable of filling the whole diameter of each tube. 1 he'yhole of the furnace is opened with a long piece of iron fitted atlue end of each pole, and the mould filled in an instant. Thiscompletes the work in relation to the casting part; the rest beingsculptor’s or carver’s business, who, taking tiie figure out of then \oui ( | am ] ear j|i wherewith it is encompassed, saws off the jets,J,, di which it appears covered over, and repairs it with chissels,(Lavers, puncheons, See.

, FOURMONT, Stephen", professor of the Arabic and Chinese jUiguages, and one of tiie most learned men of his time, was bomut lferlielai, a village 12 miles from Paris , in 16S3. lie studiedMazarine college, and afterwards in the Seminary of Thirty-nree. He was at'length professor of Arabic in the Royal College,“Ud was made a member of the Academy of Inscriptions. Inj 73 ffi he was chosen F. H. S. in London , and of that of Berlin in!74 L He was often consulted by the duke of Orleans, whogently esteemed him, and made him one of his secretaries. He? r °te a great number of hooks. The chief of those which havep* 1 ' printed are, 1 . 'I'iie Roots of the Latin Tongue , in verse. 2 .V n fic-a| Reflections on the Histories of Ancient Nations, 2 vols.j °\ 3. Meditutiones Seneca-, folio. 4. A Chinese Grammar, infolio. 5 . Several Dissertations printed in the Memoirs of® Academy of Inscriptions, Ac. He diee at Paris in 1 / 45 .w'PURNfcAUX ISLAND, a small circular island in the S.a F'fie Ocean. Lon. 143. 2 . W. Lat. 17. 11 . S.*OU-TCHEOU, a city of China of tiie first rank in the pro-l? e °f Fo-kien, 870 miles S. of Pekin,of .pu-TCHEou. a city of China of the first rank, in the province' ’ 735 miles E. of Pekin.

of \Y'' LY, RAW EY, or FOY, a populous and flourishing townIm* 0 rn, ' a U> with a commodious haven on the British Channel .rl es n il's S. of Launceston. Lon. 4. 23. IV. Lat. 50. 19- N.Kfiue'"’ Fawey, Fouth, or Foy, a river of Cornwall .

VI i ’’ L, among zoologists, denotes the larger sorts of birds,Wt■ * w domestic or wild: such as geese, pheasants, partridges,vi*’ (ll >cks, Ac. Tame fowl make a necessary part of theV °Yii.- n o. 8 , 8 .

stock of a country farm. See Poultry. Fowls are again distin-guished into two kinds, viz. land and water fowls, these last b.'V.gso called from their living much in and about water: also intothose which are accounted game, and those which are not. SeeGame.

FOWLING, the art of catching birds by means of bird-lime,decoys, and other devices; or (lie killing of them by the gun.See Bird-catching, Bird-lime, Decoy, Shooting, and thenames of the different birds in their order.

Fowling, is also used for the pursuing and taking of birds withhawks, more properly called falconry, or hawking. See thesearticles.

Fowling-pieces, guns for birds; they are reckoned best, whenthey have a long barrel, from five feet and a half to six feet, witha moderate bore. But every fowler should lmve them of differentsizes, suitable to tin: game lie designs to kill. The barrel shouldbe well polished and smooth within, and the bore of an equal big-ness from one end to the other; which may be proved, by puttingin a piece of pasteboard, cut of. the exact roundness of the top:for it this goes down without slops or slipping, you may concludethe bore good. The bridge-pan must be somewhat above thetouch-hole, and ought to have a notch to let down a little powder:this will prevent the piece from recoiling, which it would other-wise be apt to do.

FOX, George, the founder of the sect of Quakers , was ashoemaker in Nottingham. As he wrought at his trade, he usedto meditate much on the scriptures: and conceiving that he wasinspired, lie began to preach. lie proposed but tew articles offaith; insisting chiefly on moral virtue, mutual charity, the love ofGod , and a deep attention to the inward motions and secret opera-tions of the Spirit: lie recommended a plain simple worship, and areligion without ceremonies, making it a principal point to wait inprofound silence the directions of the Holy Spirit. Fox met withmuch rough treatment for his zeal, was often imprisoned, and se-veral times in danger of being killed. But in spite of all discou-ragements his sect prevailed much, and many great men em-braced his tenets; among whom were Barclay and Penn. Hedied in 1681. See Friends.

Fox, John, the martyrologist, was born at Boston in Lincoln-shire , in 1517. At 16 he was entered a student of Brazen-nosecollege, Oxford; and in 1543, he proceeded M. A. and was cho-sen fellow of Magdalen college. lie discovered an early gen insfor poetry, and wrote several Latin comedies, on Scriptural sub-jects, which his sow assures us were written in an elegant style. lienow applied himself with uncommon assiduitv to divinity, particu-larly church-history; and, discovering a premature propensity tothe doctrine of reformation, he was expelled the college as an hejretie. His distress, on this occasion was very great; hut he soonfound an asylum in tiie house of Sir Thomas Lucy of Warwick-shire , who employed bin), as a tutoi to his children. Here ho:married the daughter of a citizen of Coventry . Sir Thomas’schildren being grown up, after residing a short time with his wife’sfather, lie came to Loudon; where finding no immediate means ofsubsistence, lie was reduced to live utmost degree of want; .but ashe was one day sitting in St. Paul’s church, emaciated with hun-ger, a stranger accosted him familiarly, and, bidding him be ofgood cheer, put a sum of money into iiis hand; telling him at filesame time, that in a few days new hopes were at hand. lie wassoon after taken into the family of the duchess of Richmond, astutor to the earl of Surrey’s children. In this family lie lived, atRypgate in Surrey, during tiie latter part of the reign of HenryVIIi. the entire reign of Edward VI. and part of that of queeiiMary I : hut at length, persecuted bv his implacable enemy Bi-shop Gardiner, he was obliged to seek refuge abroad. Basil inSwitzerland was the place of his retreat, where he subsisted by cor-recting the press. On the deatli of Mary he returned to England;where he was graciously receiv ed by his former pupil the duke ofNorfolk, who retained him in his family as long as he lived, andbequeathed him a pension at his deatli. Air. secretary Cecil alsoobtained for him the rectory of Shipton near Salisbury; and hemight have had considerable preferment, had lie been willing tosubscribe to die canons. He died in 1587, aged 70; and uakbu-ried in the chancel of St. Giles’s, Crippicgate. He was a man ofgreat industry, and considerable learning; a zealous, but not a vio-lent reformer; a non-conformist, hut not an enemy to the churchof England . lie left two sons; one of whom was bred a divine,

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