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the fiist Sunday after their death. 3. The fraternity of St.Francis’s girdle are clothed with a sack of a grey colour, whichthey tie with a cord ; and in processions walk bare-footed, carry-ing in their hands a wooden cross. 4. That of St. Austin’s lea-thern girdle comprehends many devotees. Italy, Spain, and Por-tugal , are the countries where the greatest number of these frater-nities, some of which assume the name of arch-fraternities, are tohe found. Pope Clement VII . instituted the arch-fraternity ofcharity, which distributes bread every Sunday among the poor,and gives portions to forty poor girls on the feast of St. Jerome their patron. 5. The fraternity of death buries such dead as areabandoned by their relations, and causes masses to be celebratedfor them.

FRATRIAGE, the partition among brothers or coheirs, com-■ng to the same inheritance or succession. It more particularlysignifies a younger brother’s inheritance; or whatever the youngersons possess of the father’s estate, which, in our ancient law, they■>re said to enjoy ratione fratriagii; and were to do homage for thesame to the elder brother, he being bound to do homage to thesuperior lord for the whole.

. FRATRICELLI, or F RATE ELI, [Ital. q. d. fraterculi,little brothers,] in ecclesiastical history, an enthusiastic sect of1' ranciscans, which rose in Italy, particularly in Ancona , aboutA. D. 1294. The word was used as a term of derision, as they" ere most of them apostate monks. For this reason the term, as3 nick-name, was given to many other sects, as the Catharists ,” aldenses, Ac. however different in their opinions and in theirconduct. But this denomination, applied to the austere part of theFranciscans , was considered as honourable.

FRAUD , in law, signifies deceit in grants, or conveyances oflands, &c. or in bargains and sales of goods, &c. to the damage ofanother person. A fraudulent conveyance of lands or goods, todeceive creditors, as to creditors is void in law. And a fraudulentconveyance, to defraud purchasers, is also to such purchasersv °td ; and the persons justifying, or putting off such grants as8°°d, shall forfeit a year’s value of lands, and the full value of the8°ods and chattels, and likewise shall be imprisoned.

FRAUENROURG, a town of Prussia Royal, in Poland , onN j,i ver Frisch-haff, six or seven leagues from Elbing , to the

.FRAUENTELI), a town of the Helvetic republic , the capital. the late bailiwic of Thurgau. It lies 20 miles N. E. of Zu-rich .

„ 1'RAUSTADT, a town of Silesia, on the frontiers of Poland ,'0 miles N. W. of Breslau .

I’Raustadt, or Wschowa, a town of Poland , on the frontiers°* Sile s i a , 43 nl ii es \V. of Posen.

FR AX IN EL LA, in botany. See Dictamnus.

FR.AXINUS, the Ash : a genus of the dicccia order, and polv-8 J mia class of plants; natural order, Sepiarke. Hermaphrodite ;1 J* none, or four-parted ; corolla none, or four-petaled ; sta-Jxuis two; pistil one; seen or capsule one, lanceolate. Therearc fou r species. If a wood of these trees he rightly managed, it'‘" turn out greatly to the advantage of the owner: for, by theHderwood, which will be fit to cut every eight or ten years,f >ere will be a continual income, more than sufficient to pay thea Cnt °f the ground and all other charges; and still there will be, st °ck preserved for timber, which in a few years will be worthUs - or 50s. per tree. This tree nourishes best in groves, butaiirt" S ver y well in rich soil in open fields. It hears transplantingf' 1 upping. In Lancashire they lop the tops of these trees toCatii ^' e cat tle in autumn when the grass is on the decline ; thep f e peeling off the bark as food. The wood has the singularU ? t ‘ r 'y of being nearly as good when young as when old. It ish i ar >d tough, and is much used to make the tools employed inTh , Ulr y- The ashes of the wood afford very good potass.tre» ■ r * 4 < s used in tanning calf-skin. The season for felling this’ ls horn November to February ; for if cut dou 11 too early,

•aari late > il is liable 10 the " orm - T he T 1 *' is hlirt l11 t0 con| -y a v’ a,lt ^ therefore should be planted either in hedges or clumps,

L'*? at nine or ten feet distance.

‘o h- A, or FRIGGA, the wife of Odin , or Woden, was, nextI), lm > most revered divinity among the Heathen buxons,

[ !f’ a °d other northern nations. As Odin was believed to" er > Frea was esteemed the mother of all the other gods.

In the earliest times, Frea was the same with the goddess Her-thus, or Earth , who was so devoutly worshipped by the Angliand other German nations. But when Odin , the conqueror ofthe north, usurped the honours due only to the true Odin , hi*wife Frea usurped those which had been formerly paid to motherEarth . She was worshipped as the goddess of love and pleasure,who bestowed on her votaries a variety of delights, particularlyhappy marriages and easy births. To Frea the sixth day of theweek was consecrated, which still bears her name, Friday, orFrea’s day.

FREAM, in husbandry, ploughed laud worn out of heart, andlaid fallow till it recover.

FRECKLES, Lentiginks, are spots of a yellowish colour,of the bigness of a lentile seed, scattered over the face, neck, andhands. Freckles are either natural, or proceed from the jaundice,or the action of the sun upon the part. Heat, or a sudden changeof weather, will often make the skin appear of a darker colour thanis natural, and thereby produce what is called tan, sunburn, andmorphew ; which seem to differ only in degree, and usually dis-appear in winter. Persons of a fine complexion, and those whosehair is red, are most subject to freckles, especially in parts expos-ed to the sun and air. To remove freckles, put juice of lemonsin a glass vial, and, mixing it with sugar and borax finely pow-dered, let it digest eight days, and then use it. According toHomberg, one of the best applications for dispersing freckles, is amixture of bullock’s gall with a solution of alum, which, after thelatter has subsided, must be digested in the sun lor three or fourmonths in a close phial. Another preparation is made by takingfour ounces of lemon-juice, and mixing with it two drachms ofsugar, and one of borax, finely powdered ; and, alter these ingre-dients have stood a week or fortnight in a glass bottle, the liquorwill be lit for use. As, however, freckles generally vanish dur-ing the winter, and have been observed to re-appear in earlvspring, the sharp morning-air of which, though salubrious, is saidto be uncommonly favourable to their re-production, perhaps themost easy method of preventing them would be a careful atten-tion to this circumstance.

EREDBERG, or FREDEBERG, a rich and strong town ofGermany, in Misnia, on the river Malta .

FREDEBURG, or EREDENBURG, a (own of Germany ,in Westphalia , 52 miles E. of Culogn, and 50 W. of Cassel.

FREDERICA, a town of Georgia , on the island of St. Si-mons. Lon. 81.25. W. Lat. 31.0. N.

EREDER1CIA, a strong sea-port town of Denmark , inNorth Jutland, sealed on the Little Belt . J.on. 9. 4. E. Lat 5537. N\

FREDERICK, the name of several European monarchs.

FREDERICK I., king of Prussia, (he son of Frederick-Wil-liam the Great, elector of Brandenburg, was bom in 1657 ; andsucceeded his father in the electorate, A. D. lliS8. In 1700 , heentered into a liegociation with the emperor, Leopold I. , to getPrussia erected into a kingdom: which he at last obtained by asingular accident. While appearances were rather unpromising,lie received a letter from his minister written in ciphers, advisinghim to use the interest of a certain prince; but, he mistaking theciphers, applied to the emperor’s confessor; who, being a Jesuit ,was so much struck with the honour done him by a Protestant elector, that he exerted his whole interest, and that of his order, toprocure him the desired object. Frederick was accordingly crown-ed king of Prussia, Jan. 18, 1701. He was endued wiih manyvirtues. He was magnificent, generous, constant to ins marriage-vows, and studied the true interest of his subjects, by preservingids dominions in peace. He was three times married;’ his secondqueen was sister to king George I. He founded the universiu ofHalle, and the royal academy at Berlin . He died in 1715.

Frederick II ." surnamed the Great, king of Prussia, one ofthe greatest warriors the present age lias produced, was the son ofI'recTerick-William, then hereditary prince of Brandenburg, andprincess Sophia Dorothea, daughter of king George I. lie wasbom in 1712, the year before his father mounted the throne, whowas so far from being a patron of literature, that he regardednothing but what related to the military art; and most of hisgenerals scarce knew how to sign their names. He obtained buta scanty education, owing to his father’s contempt of letters andpredilection for military discipline. On growing up, the young

prince