FRI

507

FRO

with brown. They sometimes build in trees, in which case theytake more pains with the nest; and often expel the martins fromtheirs, to save the trouble from constructing one of their own. Spar-rows, from frequenting only habitations and parts adjacent, may besaid to be chiefly fed Irom human industry; for in spite of every pre-caution they will partake with the pigeons, poultry, &c. in the foodth roun out to them, grain of all kinds being most agreeable totheir taste, though they will eat refuse from the kitchen of mostkinds. They are familiar but crafty, and do not so easily comeinto a snare as many others. In autumn they often collect intoflocks, and roost in numbers on the neighbouring trees, when theymay be shot by dozens, or caught in great numbers at night by ahat fowling net. The sparrow lias no song, only a chirp or twofrequently repeated. This species is found every where through-out Europe ; and is also met with in Egypt, Senegal, Syria , andother parts of Africa and Asia .

F. Lixota, tlie Linnet, has the bottom of the breast of a fineblood-red, which heightens as the spring advances. These birds«>re much esteemed for their song. They feed on seeds of differ-ent kinds, which they peel before they eat; the seed of thelimun,or flax, is their favourite food ; from whence the name. 'Theybreed among furze and while-thorn : the outside of their nests ismade with moss and bents, and lined with uo.,1 and hair. Theyb-y live whitish eggs, spotted like those of the goldfinch.

F. Spin us, the Siskin, has the prime feathers of (lie wings yel-*°W' in the middle, and the four first chief tail leathers withoutspots ; but they are yellow at the base, and black at the points,ft visits these islands at very uncertain limes, like the gross-beak,& c. ft i s to be met with in the bird-shops in London ; and beingrather scarce, sells at a higher price than the merit of its song de-serves; it is known there by the name of the aberdavine. It isVei y tame and docile, and is often kept and paired with the Ca-nary-bird, with which it breeds freely. Dr. Kramer informs us,}bat this bird conceals its ne.it with great art ; and though there areinfinite numbers of young birds in the woods on the banks of theFJanubc, which seem jiirt to have taken flight, yet no one coulddiscover it. bee Plate TA 111.

FR1SEI, IRISH, FKISIONES, or FRI SON ES, an ancientPeople of .Germany , so cailecl either from their ardent love offreedom, or from the fresh and unbroken lands they occupied.

l'RlSORT, a town of Germany , in the bishopric of Munster,f" 1 miles S. W. of Oldenburg,

f' RiT, in the glass-manulaeturc, is the matter or ingredients'v.iereof glass is to be made, when they have been calcined orbaked in a furnace, A salt drawn from tiie ashes of the plant kali,r* r trom fern or other plants mixed with sand or flint, and bakedtogether, make-, an opaque mass, called by glassmen frit; proba-“v from the Italian J'ritture, to fry; or because the frit, whenPjclted, runs into lumps, like fritters, called by the Italians fritelli.*' nt > by the ancients, was called ammonitrum, ofa|w,M$p, sand, and^ T S a, » nitre; under which name it is thus described by Pliny ; linefrom the Volturnian sea, mixed with three times the quan-•"j-. of nitre, and melted, makes a mass called ammonitrum,j. Vllc h being .rebaked makes pure glass. There are three kinds of'l ts: l. The crystal frit, or that for crystal metal, made with saltl Pfflverine and sand. 2. The ordinary frit, made with bare ashes>->; pulverine or barilla, without extracting the salt from them.

| ls makes the ordinary white or crystal metal. 3. T he frit forW’P ! > glasses, made of common ashes, without ^ajiy preparation.

«... 'I” Lft requires ten or twelve hours baking. r l he materials inin' * ‘ ln * t° A*' fimrly pow dered, washed, and searced ; then equally j'*«, and frequently stirred together in the melting-pot. j

Rl I'll, usually signifies the opening of a riveiMnto the sea;are the Frith of Forth, or of Edinburgh , the l’ritli of Clyde,

j ‘"Rf-TILLARIA, Fritiu.aky, a genus of ‘be monogynia or-ho*-’ h^\andriaclass plants; natural order Ccronarn*. Corollau ‘^l-^laluus, campaiuduted, with a nectariferous cavity aboveJivV*^ 111 eac l‘ l petal; stamina a- long as the corolla. I here areVl /fe‘nes, all bulbous-rooted llowery perennials, having many

aripj

PR[T Z LAR, a town of Italy , in the kingdom of Westphalia,FR'lnr 1 '' 1 '’ 13 ‘I'ib'^.S.W. ot'Cassel.bon, LI, a province of in the late republic of venue,•Red on I)tJ jih by the Tirol and Cariutlua, east bv

Carniola and Gradisca ; south by the Adriatic, and west lyr theTrevisan, Feltrin, and Belluncse. It is divided into the diocese ofUdina and Concordia. Udina is the capital.

FRiZF, in architecture. See Frieze .

Frize, in commerce. See Frieze . O frizes, some are crossed,others not: the former are chiefly ot English manufacture ; thelatter of Irish.

P RIZING OF CLOTH, a term in the woollen manufactory,applied to the forming of the nap of stuff into a number of littlehard burrs or prominences, covering almost the whole groundthereof.

FROBKNIUS, John, a famous and learned printer of the six-teenth century, born :.l IPuuelburg in Franconia. lie studied inthe univerV.ly of Basil , where he acquired great reputatioo forj learning, and setting up a printing-bou-.e in tha'. city, was the firstof the German printers who brought that admirable art to any de-gree of perfection. Being a man of great probity and piety, hewould never, for the sake of profit, suffer libels or any tiling thatwould hurt the reputation of another, to go through his press.The great character of this printer, was the principal motive whichinduced Erasmus to reside at Basil , in order to have his. ow nworks printed by him. A great number of valuable books wer*:printed by him with care and accuracy. lie died in 132r.Erasmus wrote his epitaph in Greek and Latin . John P’robeniusleft a son named Jerome Fiobenius, and a daughter married toNicholas Episcopius; who, joining in partnership, continued Fro-benius’s printing-house with reputation, and printed correct edi-tions of the Greek fathers.

FROBISHER, or FURBISHF.R, Sir Martin, an excellentnavigator and sea-ofiicer in the sixteenth century, horn at Don-caster in Yorkshire , and from his youth brought up to navigatien.He was the first Englishman who attempted to find a N. \V. pass-age to China , and in 1370, he sailed with two barks and a pinnacefor that purpose. In this voyage he discovered a cape, to w hichlie gave the name of Queen Elizabeth’s Foreland, and the nextday discovered a strait to which lie gave iiis own name. Tinsvoyage proving unsuccessful, lie attempted the same passage in1A77; but discovering some ore in an island, and bis commissiondirecting him only to search for ore, he returned to England withit. He sailed again with fifteen ships and a great number of ad-venturers, to form a settlement; but being obstructed by the ice,and driven out to sea by a violent storm, they, after encounteringmany difficulties, returned home, without making any settlement;but with a large quantity of ore. lie afterwards commanded theAid in Sir Francis Drake’s expedition to the West Indies , inwhich St. Domingo, Carthagena, and Santa Justina, in Florida ,were taken and sacked. In 1388, he bravely exerted himselfagainst the Spanish armada, when he commanded the Triumph,one of the largest ships in that service: and as a reward for his distinguished bravery, received the honour of knighthood, from thelord higli-admirafat sea. He afterwards commanded a squadronwhich cruised on the Spanish coast; and in 1392, took two valua-ble ships and a rich carrac. In 139-1 he was sent to the assistanceof Henry IV'. king of France , again-t a body of the Leaguers and.Spaniards, who had strongly entrenched themselves at Croyzon.near Brest; but in an assault upon that fort, on the seventh of No-vember, he was unfortunately wounded with a ball, ot which hedied soon after he had brought back the fleet to Plymouth, andwas buried in tljat town.

Froiiisher’s Straits, a narrow sea, S. of Cape WashinghatnW. of Davis’s Strait, and N. of Cape Farewell in West Green-land.

FRODINGIIAM, or FRODLINGHAM, a town of York-shire , 3ti miles E. of York.

FRODSI1AM, a town of Cheshire, noted for its ancient castle.

It is to miles N. E. of Chester.

FROG, in zoology. See Rana.

P'ROME, a river of'England, that rises from several springs in.the S. W. of Dorsetshire , and falls into Poolhaven, nearWareham.

Frome, or Fkomf. Selwood, a town of Somersetshire , and thechief town of this part of the country, which was anciently onegreat forest, called Selwoodshire. It is thirtem miles S. of Bath.

FROM 1ST A, a town of. Spain , in the province of Leon, 18miles N. of Valencia.

FRONDESCENTIA, [from/rwub 3 leaf,] in botany, theun-Q folding.