F US
521
F YZ
borg, 10 miles N. of Custrins: 2. In Stiria, near Hungary , 30Wiles E. of Gratz.
FURSTENVVALDE, two towns of Upper Saxony; 1. Inthe margaviate of Meissen , two miles S. of Lauenstein. 2. Inthe middle Marck of Brandenburg, 26 miles E. of Berlin.
FURTH, a town ol Franconia , in Anspach, four miles W. ofNuremberg .
FURTHCOMING, in law, the name of an action competentto any persou who has used arrestment in the hands of his deb-tor’s creditor, for having the subject arrested declared his property.
FURUNCLE, FURUNCULE , or BOIL, a small resistingtumour, with inflammation, redness, and great pam, arising u.the adipose membrane, under the skin.
FURUSUND, an island of Sweden , in the Baltic. Lon. 18.♦5. E. Lat. 59. 46. N.
FURZE, in botany. SeeULF.x.
FUSANUS, in botany, a genu; of the moncecia order, ant;polygamia class of plants. The hermaprodite-calyx quinquefid ;Uo corolla; stamina tour; germen beneath; fruit a plum. One*pecies.
FUSAROLE, in architecture, a moulding or ornament placedimmediately under the echinus, in the Doric, Ionic , and Com-posite capitals.
FUSEE, [Jttseau, French, ] in clock-work, is that conical partdrawn by the spring, and about which the chain or string is wound ;for the use of which see Clock and Watch.
FUSION AN O, a market-town of Italy the late duchy of Fer-rara.
FUSIL, in heraldry, a bearing of a rhomboidal figure, longerfhan the lozenge, and having its upper and lower angles more8cute and sharp than the other tw o in the middle. It is called inLatin fasus , “ a spindle,” from its shape.
Fusilieks, Fusileers, or Fuzileers, are armed as the rest°f the infantry, but wear caps like the grenadiers, though some-what shorter. There are three royal regiments of fusiliers in theBritish service : viz. those of the Scotch fusiliers raised in 1678 ; j
English fusiliers, in 1635 ; and of Welsh fusiliers, in 1688-9. I
FUSION. See Chemistry and Fluidity.
Fust, or FAUS'I US , a goldsmith of Mentz, and one of thethree earliest printers, to whom the invention of this most useful j*•'1 has been ascribed. Some say, he only assisted Guttemberg at jptrasburg, in his attempts to make moveable types, in 1444. li list, J111 partnership with Peter Sehoeffer, having, in 1462, printed aiConsiderable number of copies of the Bible , to imitate those which j'ywe sold in MS., Fust undertook the sale of them at Paris , where jart of printing was then unknown. At first he sold his copies!
for so high a sum as 500 or 600 crowns, the prices usually de-manded by the transcribers. He afterwards lowered his price to60 crowns, which created universal astonishment; but when heproduced copies as fast as they were wanted, and lowered theprice to 30 crowns, all Paris was agitated. The uniformity ofthe copies increased the wonder ; informations were given intothe police against him as a magician ; his lodgings were searched ;and a great number of copies being found, they were seized : thered ink with which they were embellished, was said to be hisblood; it was seriously adjudged that he was in league with the’ devil; and if he had not fled, most probably he would have sharedthe fate of those whom ignorant and superstitious judges con-demned in those days for witchcraft. Fust is said to have died ofthe plague at Paris , about 1466.
FUS I'IAN, in commerce, a kind of cotton-stuft', which seemsas if it were whaled on one side. Fustians should be altogethermade of cotton-vam, both woof and warp ; but many pieces aremade, the warp of which is flax, or even hemp. Fustians aremade of various kinds, wide, narrow, line, coarse ; With shag ornap, and without it.
FUb TICK, in the arts, is the wood of the morns tinctoria, atree that grows to a considerable size in the West Indies . It ismuch used in dyeing yellow, and produces a large quantity of co-louiing matter. It is not very hard, and its colour is yellow withorange veins.
FUSTIGATIO, in the Roman customs, a punishment inflictedbv beating w ith a cudgel. This punishment was peculiar to free-men ; the slaves were scourged w ith w hips.
FUTTOCKS, in a ship, the timbers raised over the keel, orthe encompasing timbers that make her breadth. Of these thereare the first, second, third, and fourth, denominated according totheir distance from the keel, those next it being called first orground futlocks, and the others upper futtocks; those limbers beingput together, make a frame-bend.
FUTTYPOUR SICRI, a considerable town of Hindostan Pro-per, in the province of Agra, 42 miles W. of Agra .
FUTURE, or FUTURE TENSE, in grammar, denotes aitinflexion of verbs, whereby they' denote, that a thing will be insome time yet to come. See Grammar.
FYAL, one of the Azores . It is well cultivated, and yieldscorn, garden-stuffs, and various fruits. It has several kinds of do-mesticated European animals: the people are cleanly, diligent,and fairer than those of Madeira. The chief town is Villa deHorta. Lon. 28. 36. W. Lat. 38. 32. N.
FYZABAD, a city of Hindostan Proper, in the territory ofOude ; 80 miles E. of Lucknow .
Uj. is the seventh letter of our alphabet, and the fifth conso-}>-*} nant. In the alphabets of all the oriental languages, the■yfcbrew, Phoenician, Chaldee, Syriac, Samaritan, Arabic , andthe Greek, it is the third letter. The Hebrews call itghvnet, ora n^ e -’ '■ c - camel, because it resembles the neck of that animal;r.| ’-t bears the same appellation in the Samaritan , Phcenician,
r- ^ldee; in the Syriac it is called gamcl, in Arabic gum, and in„• ee * gamma. The gamma (r) of the Greeks is evidently thehi!? 6 * (L of the Hebrews or Samaritans . The chief dilference. tween the gamma and gimel consists in this, that the one isntedto the right, and the other to the left, according to the dif-banners of writing and reading w hich obtained among those■°ns: though Saliuasius, oiiSolinus, vainly attempted to prove°L n.— no. 90.
that the G was derived from the Greek kappa. It is clear thatthe Latins borrow’ed their form of this letter from the Greeks ;the Latin G being only a variation of the Greek gamma, r; asmight easily be shewn, had our printers all the forms of this letter,which we meet with in the Greek and Latin MSS. through whichit has passed from rto G. G has two sounds, one called that ofthe hard G, before a, o, v,l, r; as, gate, go, gall. The other*sound, called that of the soft G, resembles that of J, and is com-monly, though not always, found before e,i; as, gem, gibbet.Before n, at the end of a word, g is commonly melted away as inthe Trench, from which these words are commonly derived: thus,for benign, malign, condign, we pronounce benine, muline, can-dine. If is often silent in the middle of words before fr; as,If 6 R might.