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first, at the end of which is written h.gTead, is for finding howmany gallons there are in a hogshead when it is not full, lyingwith its axis parallel to the horizon. The second line, at the. emiof which is written B. L. signifying alnitt lying, is for the same useas that for the hogshead. The third line fs to find how much li-quor is wanting to fill up a butt when it is standing : at the end ofit is written IS. S. signifying a but standing. In the half of thefourth face of the gauging-rod, 7, there are three scales of lines,to find the wants in a firkin, kilderkin, and barrel, lying with theirareas parallel to the horizon. They are distinguished by the let-ters, F. K. B. signifying a firkin, kiiderkin, and barrel.

Guaging-Rol>, Use or the Diagonat.-Linf.s o.v the. Tofind the content of a vessel in beer or wine gallons, put the brazedend of the guaging-rod into the bung-hole of the cask, with thediagonal-lines upwards, and thrust this brazed end to the met tingof the head and staves ; then with chalk make a mark at the mid-dle of the bung-hole of the vessel, and also on the diagonal-linesof the rod, right against, over one another, when tlu* blazed endis thrust home to the head and staves: then turn the guaging-rodto the other end of the vessel, and thrust the brazed end home tothe end as before. Lastly, see if the mark made on the guaging-rod come even with the mark made on the bung-hole when therod was thrust to the other end ; which if it be, the mark made onthe diagonal-lines will, on the same lines, shew the whole contentof the cask in beer or wine gallons. If tin: mark made on thebung-hole be not right against that made on the rod when you putit the other way, then right against the mark made on the bung-hole make another on the diagonal lines ; and the division on thediagonal-line between the two chalks will shew the vessel’s wholecontents in beer or wine gallons. Thus, c. gr. if the diagonal-lineof a vessel be ‘.'8 inches four-tenths, its contents in beer gallons w illbe near 51, and in wine gallons 02. If a vessel be open, as ahalf-barrel, tun, or copper, and the measure from the middle onone side to the head and staves he 38 inches, the diagonal-linegives 122 beer gallons : half of which, viz. 61, is the content of theopen halt-tub. If you have a large vessel, as a tun or copper, andthe diagonal-line taken by a long rule proves 70 inches ; the con-tent of that vessel may be found thus : every inch at the, begin-ning-end of the diagonal-line call ten inches. Thus tel) inchesbecomes 100 inches; and every tenth of a gallon call 100 gal-lons; and every whole call 1000 gallons. Example. At 44.8inches on the diagonal beer-line is 200 gallons : so that four inches48 parts, now called 44 inches eight-tenths, is just two-tenths of agallon, now called 200 gallons; so also if the diagonal-line be 76inches and seven-tenths, a close cask of such diagonal will hold1000 beer gallons ; but an open cask but lialf so much, viz. 500beer gallons.

Gauging-Rod, Use of the Gauge-Link on thf. Tofind the content of any cylindrical vessel in ale-gallons ; seek thediameter of tlie vessel In inches, and just against it on the guage-lineis the quantity of ale gallons contained in one inch deep : t/iismultiplied by the length of the cylinder will give its content in alegallons. E. Gr. liupposc the length of the vessel 32,06, and thediameter of its base 25 inches: to find w hat is the content in ale-gallons. Right against 25 inches on the guage-line is one gallonand 745 of a gallon ; w hich multiplied by 32,06, the length, gives55.3447 gallons for the content of the vessel. The bung-diame-ter of a hogshead being 25 inches, the head-dian etcr 22 inches,and the length 32.06 inches; to find the quantity of ale-gallonscontained in it.—Seek 25, the bung-diameter, on the line ofinches ; and right against it on the guage-line you w ill find 1.745 :take one-third of it, which is .580, and set it down twice: seek22 inches in the head-diameter, and against it you will find onthe gauge-line 1.356; one-third of which added to twice .580.gives 1.6066; which multiplied by the length .32.06, the productwill be 51.603776, the content in ale gallons. Note, this opera-tion supposes, that the aforesaid hogshead is in the figure of (hemiddle frustum of a spheroid. The use of the lines on the twoother faces of the rod is very easy ; you need only put it down-right into the bung-hole (if the vessel you desire to know thequautity of ale-gallons contained therein be lying) to the oppositeslaves ; and then where the surface of the liquor cuts any one ofthe lines appropriated to that vessel, will be the number of gallonscontained in that vessel.

GAUL, the English translation of Gallia, the ancient namegiveu by the Romans to the country now called France . The

original inhabitants were descending from the Celtes or Gome*rians, by whom the greatest part of Europe was peopled; tinsname ot Galli, or Gauls , being probably given them long altertheir settlement in that country. See Gaiua.

GAULTIIEKIA, in botany, a genus of (lie monogyiiia order,and decandria class of plants : natural order, Bicornes. Exteriorcalyx diphyllous, interior quinquefid ; corolla ovate; nectarium/Consists often subulated points; capsule quinquelocular, coveredwith the interior calyx formed in the shape of a berry. There aretwo species.

GAUNERSDQRFF, a town of Austria , 16 miles N. N. E.of Vienna .

GAUNT-BELLI ED, in the manege, a term applied to a horsewhose belly shrinks up towards his Hanks.

GAYOT, GAVO'ITA, or GAVOTTE, a kind of dance, theair of w hlch-has two brisk and lively strains in common time, eachof which is twice played over.

GAUR, a country of Asia , between Balk and Caudahar. Alsothe name of the capital.

GAURA, in botanv, Virginian 1x>ose-Strife, a genus of themonogyr.ia order, and or tandria class of plants ; natural order, Cah*canthemax Calyx quudrilid, tubular; corolla pentapetatous, thepetals rising upwards; nut inferior, monospermous, quadrangular.It has but one species.

GAUTS or INDIAN A I? PEN 1NES, a stupendous wall ofmountains, extending from Cape, Comorin, the id. extremity ofthe peninsula of Hindustan, to the Taply, or Surat river, at une-qual distances from tiic coast; seldom more than 60 miles, com-moot v about 40, and in one part it approaches within six miles.

GAUZE, CAUSE, or GAWSE, in commerce, a very slight,thin, open kind of stuff, made of silk, and sometimes of thread ;there are also figured gawzet, and some with gold or silver How-el'son a silk ground.

GAY, John, a celebrated English poet, descended from anancient family in Devonshire. lie was born at Exeter , anil edu-cated at the free school of Barnstaple , under Mr. Kayner. lit1712, he became secretary to the duchess of Monmouth. In1714, lie accompanied the earl of Clarendon to Hanover. OnQueenjAnnc’s death, he returned to England, where he lived in thehighest estimation and friendship with many persons of the first dis-tinction, He was particularly noticed by Queen Caroline , to whomhe read in MS. his tragedy of the Captives; and in 1726 dedicatedhis Fables , by permission to the duke of Cumberland. From thiscountenance shew n to him, and numberless promises of prefer-ment, it was supposed, that he would have been genteelly providedlor in some ollice suitable to his inclination and abilities. Butinstead of this, in 1127. he was oliered the place of gentleman-usher to one of the youngest princesses. Considering this as ra-ther an indignity to a man of his talents, he thought proper to re-fuse it; and some pretty warm remonstrances were made on theoccasion by his sincere friends anil patrons the duke and duchess ofQueensberry, who withdrew from court in disgust. Mr. Gay *dependencies on the delusive promises of the great, lie has figu-ratively and humourously described in his fable of the Hare withmany friends. The profits of his poems he lost in 1720 in theSouth Sea scheme. But the very extraordinary encouragementhe net with from the public soon made ample amends for thoseprivate disappointments. For, in 1727—8, appeared his Beggar *Opera ; the vast success of which was not only unprecedented,but almost incredible. The satire ot this piece was so striking, am*so perfectly adapted to the taste of all ranks that it overthrew theItalian opera, that Dagon of the nobility and gentry, which theyhad so long idolized, and which Dennis and many other writer*had in vain, by the force of reason alone, endeavoured to drivefrom the throne of public taste. The profits were so very great,both to the author and Mr. Rich the manager, that it gave ;i.<‘a popular pun, viz. That it hud made 'Rich gay, and Gay rich.He wrote several other dramatic pieces, and many valuable one*in verse. Among the latter, his Trivia, or the Art of walking th®Streets of London, though his first poetical attempt, recommendedhim to the esteem and friendship of Mr. Pope : but as, amouShis dramatic works, his Beggar’s Opera will perhaps ever standas an unrivalled masterpiece ; so, among his poetical works, lu*Fables hold the same rank of estimation. Mr. Gay’s disposition w insweet and affable, his temper generous, and his conversation agree*able. He died in Dec. 1732- „ /

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