GRA 636 GRA
culi; which, while they continue in that form do the mischief.In this last, or insect-state, they eat little, their principal businessbeing to deposit their eggs, which unerring instinct promptsthem to do where large collections of grain furnish food for theirsuccessors while in a vermicular state. It is therefore the busi-ness of industry to prevent future generations of these ravagers, bydestroying the eggs previous to their batching ; and this is bestaccomplished by frequent screening, and exposure to draughts ofwind or fresh air. By frequently stirring the grain, the cohesionof their eggs is broken, and the nidus of those minute worms isdestroyed, which on hatching collect together, and weave numer-ous nests of a cobweb-like substance for their security. To thesenests they attach, by an infinity of small threads, many grains ofcorn together, first for their protection, and then for their food.When their habitations are broken and separated by the screen,they fall through its small interstices, and may be easily removedfrom the granary with the dust, '['hose that escape an earlyscreening will be destroyed bv subsequent ones, while the grain isbut little injured ; and the coni will acquire thereby a superiorpuritv. But by inattention to this, and sometimes by receivinggrain’already infected into the granary, these vermin, particularlythe weevil, will soon spread themselves in that state every whereupon the surface, and darken the walls by their number. Undersucli circumstances hens, with new hatched chickens, if turned onthe heap, will traverse, without feeding (or very sparingly so) onthe corn, wherever they spread; as they seem insatiable in (hepursuit of these insects. When the numbers are reduced withinreach, a hen will fly up against the walls, and brush them downwith her wings, while her chickens seize them with the greatestavidity. This being repeated as often as they want food, thewhole species will in a day or two be destroyed. Of the plia-lasna, or moth, and the small beetle, they seem equally vora-cious : on which account they may be deemed the most usefulinstruments in nature for eradicating these noxious and destructivevermin.
GRANATITE, Cross-Stone, a mineral found in Spain ,France, and Switzerland . It is crystallized in a very peculiarform ; two six-sided prisms intersect each other at right angles, orobliquely. Hence its name, cross-stone. It is of a reddish browncolour: specific gravity 3.3, nearly; fusible before the blow-pipe:its component parts are,
100
Grand Distress, [districtio magna, Lat.] in English law,a writ of distress, so called on account of its extent, which reachesto all the goods and chattels of the party within the county. This■writ lies in two cases: either when the tenant or defendant is at-tached and appears not, but makes default; or where the tenantor defendant hath once appeared, and after makes default. Onsuch occasions, this writ lies by common law, in lieu of a petitcape.
Grand Gusto, among painters, a term used to express thatthere is something in the picture very great and extraordinary,calculated to surprise, please, and instruct.
Grand Jury, Grand Larceny, &c. See Jury-, Lar-ceny, &c.
Grand Lake, a lake of North America, in New Brunswick ,near St. John’s river, 30 miles long, from 8 to 10 broad, and insome places 40 fathoms deep.
Grand River, or Rio Grande, a river in Africa , whichruns into the Atlantic, in Lon. 13. 50. \V. Lat. 11. 0. N.
Grand River, a river of North America , which runs N. W.into Lake Erie , 80 miles S. \V. of Presque Isle.
GRANDE, two rivers of South America; 1. in Peru , nearCavanta, whose sands are rich in gold ; 2. in Brasil .
0RAN DEE, in Spain , is used absolutely to denote tlx? prime
| lords of the court, to whom the king has once given leave to be! covered in his presence: there are some grandees for life only;j made by the king’s saying simply, Be covered, Others arej grandees by descent; made by the king’s saying, Be covered for: thyself and heirs. 'These last are reputed far above the former.
! Some have three or four grandeeships in their family,i GRANDEUR. See Suhlim TV.
I GRANDS SEAUX, or GREAT SEALS, a nation of North .
I American Indians, who inhabit the country S. of the Missouri ,j They have about 300 warriors.
, GRANDVI l.LE, a town of France in the department of the; Channel, and late province of Normandy , 15 miles S. by E. of’ Coutances .
[ GRANITE, a genus of stones of the order petrx, belonging tothe class saxa. 'The principal constituent parts of this stone arefelt-spar or rhombic quartz, mica, and quartz. 'These ingredientsconstitute the hardest sort of granite, and tiiat most ancientlyknown. That into which schoerl enters is more subject to decom-position. '1 hey newer have any particular texture or regulari form, but consist of enormous shapeless masses extremely hard,i In the liner granites the quartz is transparent; in others generally! white or grey, violet or brown. The felt-spar is generally theI most copious ingredient, and of a white, yellow, red, black, or, brown colour. 'The mica is also grey, brown, yellow, green, red,i violet, or black ; and commonly the least copious. The schoerl| is generally black, and abounds in the granites that contain it.
1 Hence the colour of the granites depends principally on that ofj the spar or schoerl. The red granites consist commonly of whitej quartz, red felt-spar, and grey mica ; the grey ones of white quartz,j grey or violet felt-spar, and black mica. 'The black granites com-! monly contain schoerl instead of felt-spar; and the green usually| contain green quartz. On exposing granite to the flame of the| blow-pipe, the component ingredients separate from one another.
Mr. Gerhard, having melted some in a crucible, found the felt-I spar run into a transparent glass; below it the mica lav in form of| black llag, the quartz remaining unaltered. It melted somewhat1 better when all the three were powdered and mixed together;
I though even then the quartz was still discernible by a magnifyingj glass. Hence we may explain the reason why grains of a white| colour are sometimes found in volcanic lavas. The mixture ofj mica prevents the silex or quartz from splitting or cracking; andhence its infusibility and use in furnace-building. Granites areseldom slaty or laminated. In those of a close texture, the quartzand schoerl predominate. 'They take a good polish ; for whichreason the Egyptians formerly, and the Italians still, work theminto large pieces of ornamental architecture, for which they are1 extremely fit, as not being liable to decay in the air.j GRANSON, a town of (he Helvetic republic , in Neufchatel,16 miles S. W. of Neufchatel.
GRANT, in law, a conveyance in writing of such things ascannot pass or he conveyed by word only ; such are rents, rever-sions, services, advowsons in gross, tithes, &c. 'Live person mak-ing such a conveyance is called the grantor, and lie to whom thegrant is made, the grantee.
GRAN THAM, a town of Lincolnshire, 30 miles S. of Lincoln,and 110 N. of London .
GRANVILLE, a fertile county of North Carolina , in Ilills-bury district, bounded on the N. by Virginia.
GRANULATION, in chemistry, is an operation by whichmetallic substances are reduced into small roundish particles, tofacilitate their combination with other substances. 'I bis operationconsists only in pouring the melted metal slowly into a vessel tilledwith water, which is in the mean time to be agitated with a broom.With melted copper, however, which is apt to explode with greatviolence on the contact of water, some precautions are to be ob-served. In the brass-works at Bristol, copper is granulated, with-out danger of explosion, by letting it fall in small drops into alarge cistern of cold water covered with a brass-plate. In themiddle of the plate is an aperture, in which is secured w ith Slur-bridge clay a small vessel, whose capacity docs not exceed aspoonful, perforated v ith many minute holes through which thecopper passes. A stream of cold water passes through the cistern.
! if allowed to grow hot the copper will tall to the bottom and run| into flat plates instead of granulating. Load or tin may be granu-lated by pouring them when melted into a box; the internal stir-! “ *