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crea-ed, that king Charles I. issued out an order of council to re- jstrain them. In 1037, he allowed lifty hackney-coachmen, eachof whom might keep twelve horses. In 1032, their number waslimited to. 200; and in 1054, it was extended to 300. In lOOl,400 were licensed, at 5/. each annually. In 1694, 700 were al-lowed, and taxed by the 5 and 0 of W. and M. at 4/. a year each.By 9 Anne c. 23, 800 coaches were allowed in London and West-minster; but by 8 Geo. HI. cap. 24, the number is increased to1000, which are licensed by commissioners, and pay a duty of 5.r.per week. The fare of luickney-coachmen in London , or withinten miles of it, is, 12s. 0 d. per day. By the hour it is Is. (id. forthe (irst, and Is. for every hour alter; and Is. for any distance notexceeding a mile and a half; or Is. Cd. two miles. Hackney-coachmen refusing to go at, or exacting more than, their limitedhire, are subject to a forfeit of from 10s. to 3/. which the commis-sioners have power to determine, livery hackney-coach musthave check-strings, and every coachman plying without them in-curs a penalty of 5s. The drivers must give way to persons ofquality and gentlemen’s coaclies, under the penalty of 5/, Theduty arising from licences to hackney-coaches and chairs in Lon-don , forms a branch of the king’s extraordinary and perpetual re-venue, governed by commissioners, and is a public benefit; asthe expence of it is not felt, and its regulations have establisheda competent jurisdiction, whereby a very refractory race of menare kept in order. For further information upon this subject, seeCoach, IIacknf.y.

HADDINGTON, an ancient borough of Scotland in EastLothian, which joint with Judhurgh, Dunbar, Lauder, and NorthBerwick, in sending a member to Parliament . It lies 17 miles E.of Edinburgh .

Haddington, or IIaddington-shire. See Lothia.., East .

HADDOCK. See Gadus.

11 ADDON, Dr. Walter, a great restorer of the learned lan-guages in England, was born in 1516. He distinguished himselfby writing Latin in a fine style, which he acquired by a constant !study of Cicero. He was a strenuous promoter of the reforma-tion under Edward VI. and succeeded bishop Gardiner in themastership of'Trinity-hall, Cambridge . He concealed himself inMary’s reign; but acquired the favour of Queen Elizabeth, whosent him one of the three agents to Bruges in 1506, to restorecommerce between England and the Netherlands. He was alsoengaged with Sir John Clieke in drawing up in Latin that usefulcode of ecclesiastical law, published in 1371 hv the learned JohnFox, under the title of “ Reformatio Legum Lcclesiaslicarum ;”his other works are published under the title of “ Lucubrations.”lie died in 1372.

I1ADERSLEBEN, a sea-port town of Denmark , in Sleswick.Lon. 9- 35. E. Lat. 55. 24. N.

HADES, in Scripture, sometimes signifies the invisible regionsof the dead, sometimes the place of the damned, and sometimesthe grave. In Greek authors it signifies the regions of the dead.See Hell.

HADLEY, a town of Suffolk, seated on the Preston. Lon. 1.

6. K. Lat. 52. 7. N.

Hadley’s Quadrant. See Navigation.

IIADRAMAUT, a fertile province of Arabia Telix, houndedon the W. by Yemen, N. by the Desert, N. E. by Oman , andS. E. by the Sea ; containing several large towns and sea-ports.

Hadramaut, the capital of the above province, 150 miles W.of Caressen. Lon. 45. 30. F.. Lat. 15 0. N.

H.KMAGOGOS, among physicians, a compound medicine,consisting of fetid and aromatic simples, mixed with black helle-bore, and prescribed in order to promote the menstrua aud hamior-rhoid.il iluxes; as also to bring away the lochia.

ILEMANTI1US, the Blood-flower : a genus of the mono-gynia order, and hexandriu class of plants; natural order, Spa-thaceie. Involucre six-leaved, many-flowered; corolla six-parted,superior ; berrv three-celled. I here are eight species.

ll.EMATTTES, the P-lood-stonk, a hard mineral substance,>'ed, black, or purple, but the powder of which is always red. Itis found in masses, spherical, semi-spherical, pyramidal, or cellu-lar, i. t‘. like a honeycomb. It contains a large quantity of iron,l iie great hardness of haniatites renders it lit lor bjnnishiiig me-Lis. See Plate LX VII.

ILEMATOPUS, the Sea-Pyl, m ornithology, a genus belonging to the order gralke. Beak compressed, with an equalwedge-shaped point; nostrils linear; toes three, without nails.'The only species is the

II. Ostualegus, or Oyster-catcher, a native of Europe and America . It feeds upon shell-fish near the sea-shore, particu-larly oysters, and limpets. On observing an oyster which gapeswide enough for the insertion of its bill, it thrusis it in, and takesout the inhabitant. The young are said to be hatched in aboutthree weeks. 'These birds are wild when in llocks ; yet are easilytamed, if taken young.

IDEMATOXY LON, or ILEMATOXYLUM, Logwood,or Camplachy-Wooo ; a genus of the monogynia order, and de-candria class of plants; natural order, Lomentaceax Calyx quin-quepartite; petals five; capsule lanceolaled, unilocular, and bi-valved ; valves navicular or keeled like a boat. Of this genusthere is only one species, which grows naturally in the Lay ofCampcachy at Honduras, and other parts of the Spanish V est In-dies, where it rises from 16 to 24 feet high. 'The trees are cut upinto billets or junks, the bark and white sap of which are chippedoff, and the red part, or heart, is sent to England for sale. See'Logwood.

ILEMORRIIAGIA, or ILEMORRI1AGY, [fromblood, aud jilru/y.i, to burst forth,] in medicine, a tlux of blood atany part of the body; arising either from a rupture of the vessels,when too full or too much pressed ; or from an erosion of them,when the blood is too sharp and corrosive. See Medicine andSurgery .

ILEMORRIIOIDAL, an appellation given by anatomists tothe arteries and veins going to the inlestinum rectum.

ILEM ORRIIOIDS, or PILES, an issue of blood from thehxmorrhoidal vessels. See Medicine.

II.EMUS, in ancient geography, a ridge of mountains runningfrom fllyricum towards the Enxine.

ILEllETIGO COMBURENDO, a writ which anciently layagainst an heretic, who, having ouce been convicted of heresy' byhis bishop, and having abjured it, afterwards falling into it again,or into some other, was thereupon committed to the secularpower.

IIAERLEM. See IIarlem.

I1AG, in zoology. See Myxinf..

II AGAR, [un, i. e. a stranger,] a native of Egypt , the servantof Sarah, concubine of Abraham , mother of Isbmael, and ancestorof the Arabians. Iler history, and the repeated divine interposi-tions for the preservation of her and her son, are recorded in Gen.xvi. and xxi.

IIAGARENES, or IIAGARITES, a branch or tribe of thedescendants of Islnnael, so named from his mother. Some make(lie name synonymous with Islmiaelites, Arabians, and Saracens ;but Asaph, in Psalm lxxxiii. ver. 6, mentions them as distinct fromthe other I hmaelites. They dwelt in Arabia Felix, according toPliny. Strabo joins them with the Nabutlnvans and Chavlo.tieans,whose habitation was rather in Arabia. Deserta. Others thinktheir capital was Petra, or Agra , and if so, they dwelt in ArabiaPetnra. The Reubenites, in the days of Saul , made war with thellagarites, and became masters of’their country E. of Gilead.This therefore was the true country of the Ilagar.-nes.

IIAGIAZ, a town of Arabia, in" Hedsjas .

T1AGIOGRAPI!A, [from kyio;, holy, and vjrepu’, to write,]those books of Scripture, called by the Jews Cetuvim. The nameis very ancient. St. Jerom makes mention of it. The Jews di-vide the sacred writings into three classes: 1. 'The law, or.tlie fivehooks of Moses: 2. 'The Prophets, which they call Neviim : andthe Cetuvim n’lana, called byj the Greeks, &c. Ilagiographa;comprehending the book of Psalms, Proverbs , Job, Daniel, Ezra,Nehcmiah, Chronicles, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Eccle-siastes , and Esther. Kimehi, Maimouides, and Elias Le.vita, callthese books the Writings, by way of eminence, as being writtenby immediate inspiration of the Holy Spirit.

HAGUE, a town of Batavia, in the department of Delft ; andlate province of South Holland. In Latin it is called Haga Co - 'milis ; in French, La Ifai/e; in Dutch , dtir IJaag, or’A. Graa-venhage, i. e. the Earl’s Grove, from the wood near which it isbuilt, and in'which the earls of Holland had a country-house. Itis one of the most considerable towns in the republic, pleasantly

situated,