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much uuuce or nun. L/urmij me cu n wars, ne uer.aveu so wens to gain the e-teem ot' both parlies, tie was employed in liisiractico by the king’s party ; ami was appointed by the parliament>ne of the commissioners to treat with the king. King Charles ’s

youth. From these he was reformed by Mr. John Glanvillc, ser-geant at law ; and applying to the study of the law, entered intoLincoln's Inn. Nay, the attorney general, and Mr. Sudden tookmuch notice of him. During the civil wars, he behaved so wellas

practi

one of the commissioners to treat with the kingdeath gave him very sensible regret. However, he took the eirgagement ; ami was appointed with several others, to consider ofthe re lb i mation of the law. In 1053, he was by writ made sergeantat law, and soon after appointed cm- of the justices of the Com-mon Pleas. Cpon the death of Oliver Cromwell , he refused to ac-cept of the new commission offered him by Richard bis successor.He was returned for Gloucestershire in the parliament which call-ed borne Charles II . Soon after he was made lord chief baronof the exchequer; but declined the honour of knighthood, till lordchancellor Hyde, sending for him upon business when the kingwasatlibhoe.se, said, “ There is your majesty’s modest chiefbaron ;” upon which he was unexpectedly knighted, lie was one ofthe principal judges that sat in Clifford’s Inn, about settling thedifferences between landlord and tenant, alter the lire of London ,in which he behaved to the satisfaction of all parties concerned.In his post of chief baron he acted w ith inflexible integrity. Hedismissed a duke, who w ished to prejudice him in favour of a causehe was to bring before him, with a proper reprimand. The dukecomplained of his rudeness to the king, w ho told him lie verily’believed he would have used him no better, had lie gone to solicithim in his own cause. In one of his circuits, a gentleman whohad a trial at the assizes sent him a buck for his table. Whenjudge Hale therefore heard his name, he a-ked “ if lie was notthe person who had sent him the venisonami limling he was,told him, “that lie could not -ulTer the trial to go on till he hadpaid him for his buck.” The gentleman answered, that “he neversold his venison ; and that he had done nothing to him w hich he• lid not do to every judge who had gone that circuitwhich wasconfirmed by several gentlemen present. The lord chief baron,however, paid for file present; upon which the gentleman with-drew the record. In l(571, he was advanced to he lord chiefjus-tice of the king’s bench ; hut about four years after this promotionhis health declining, he resigned his post in Feb. 1075-6, and diedin Dec. following. 'This excellent man, who was an ornament tothe bench, to his country, and to human nature, wrote, 1. AnEssay on the Gravitation and Non-gravitation of Fluid Bodies. 2.Observations touching the Torricellian Experiment. 3. Contem-plations, moral and divine, 4. The Life of Pomponius Athens,with political and moral Reflections. 5. Observations on the Prin-ciples of natural Motion. 6. 'The primitive Origination of Man-kind. lie also left a great number of M. S. S. in Latin and En-glish , upon various subjects ; among which are, his Pleas of theCrown, since published by Mr. Emylnin two volumes folio ; andhis Original Institution, Power, and Jurisdiction, of Parliaments.

IIALEM, or II ADEN, a town of France , in the departmentof the Dyle, ami late province of Austrian Brabant, 24 miles W.of Maestrieht.

HALES, Stephen’, D. I), and F. If. S. a eelehratdtl divineami philosopher, horn in 1*177. He was the sixth .son of ThomasIlales, Esq; the eldest son of Sir Robert Hales, and Mary theheiress of Richard Langley of Abbotts-Wood in Hertfordshire . In1090, he was entered at Rennet college, Cambridge ; admitted afellow in 1703, ami became B. D. in 1711. lie soon discovered ja genius for natural philosophy. Botany was his first study, which ■he often prosecuted among Gogmagog hills, along with Dr. -Stuke-ly. He also collected fossils and insects, having contrived a curi-ous instrument for catching such of the latter as have wings, lielikewise studied astronomy, chemistry, and anatomy; ami inventeda curious method of obtaining a representation of the lungs inlead. Having made himself acquainted with the Newtoniansy-teni, he contrived a machine for shewing the pfixnomcna onmuch the same principles with that of the Orrery, afterwardsmade by Mr. Rowley. About 1710 he was presented to the per-petual cure of Teddington near Twickenham ; afterwards to theliving of Pollock in Somersetshire , which lie exchanged for thatof Faringdon in Hampshire. Soon after, lie married Mary, thedaughter and heiress of Dr. New ce. On the 13*h March 1718,he was elected F. R. S. and outlie 5th March, 171‘), he exhibited 1an account of some experimentshe had made on the effect of the9

sun’s warmth in raising the sap in trees, which procured him <1thanks of the society. On the 14th of June 1725, he exhibited

thehited a

treatise on the same subject, which, being highly applauded bythe society, lie enlarged and improved; and, in April 1727, pub-lished it under the title of Vegetable Statics. This work he dedi-cated to the prince of Wales; afterwards K. George II ; and hewas the same year chosen one of the council of the Royal Society -A second -edition of this work was published in 1731 ; in the pre-face to which, he promised a sequel, which he published in 1733under the title of Statical E-says, ike. In 1732 he was appointedone of the trustees for establishing a new colony in Georgia. Ontiie 5th of July 1733, the university of Oxford made him D. D.although he had been educated at Cambridge. In 1734, lie pub-lished anonymously, A friendly Admonition to the IJrinkeH ofBrandy and other spirituous Liquors; and a sermon preached atSt. Bride’s before the rest of the trustees for eslablishingthe colonyin Georgia. Iiis text was in Gal. vi. 2. In 1739, he printed Phi'losophical Experiments on Sea-water, Coni, Flesh, and otherSubstances; 8vo. dedicated to the lords ot the admiralty. In 1739.he also exhibited to the Society an account of some experimentstowards the discovery of medicines, for dissolving the stone in thekidneys and bladder, and preserving meat in long voyages; lorw hich lie received Sir Godfrey Copley’s gold-medal. In 1740, hepublished some account of Experiments and Observations on Mrs.Stephens’s Medicines for dissolving the Stone, in which their dis-solvent power is enquired into and demonstrated. In 1741, he readbefore the Society an account of a Ventilator, for conveying freshair into mines, hospitals, prisons, and the close purls of ships. SeeAir-fife, ■ and Ventilator, lie made besides these numerousand important communications to the Philosophical Transactions and Gentleman’s Magazine.

IlALKSIA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, anddodecamlria clais of plants; natural order, Bicornes. Caly xquadrklciitaled, superior; corolla quadrifid; nut quadrangularand dispennous. It has two species.

J1ALESWORTH, a town of Suffolk, 32 miles N. E. of Ips-wich, and 101 of London .

HALF-MOON , in fortification, an outwork composed of twofaces, forming a saliant angle, w hose gorge is in form of a crescent,whence the name. See Fortification .

11ALICAUN ASST S, in ancient geography, a principal townof Curia, built by the Argives , and situated between two bays, theCcramicus and Jasius. it was anciently called Zephyra, and wasthe royal residence of Mausolus . See Artemisia.

IJAEIEUTICA, or I1AL1EUTICS, [aaiettika, formed offisherman, from sea,] hooks treating of Ashes, or *h eart of fishing. 'The halieutics of Oppian are still extant.

HALIFAX, a town in Yorkshire outlie (.’aider, among hills16 mile- S. \V. of l.eeds.

Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia . It was founded in 1749.to secure the British settlements from the French and Indians.Lon 03. 36. W. Eat. 44. 44. N.

Halifax Bay, a bay on the E. coast of Hispaniola . Lon. 0 1 -20. W. I .at. 15. 40. N."

UALIO'IIS, the F.ar-shel, a genus of insects of the ordervermes testacei. Animal a limux: shell univalve, dilated, ear-shaped, with a longitudinal row of orifices along the surface ; spir ,:lateral, and almost concealed. 'There are nineteen species. Mr-Donovan describes the II. tubcrculata as a native ot this counti)*The shell is subovate, the outside transversely grooved, rugged’and tuberculate, the inside is like mother-of-peuil. See 1 lab-LXVM. ,

JiAIATZ, or IIAT.ITZCII, a town and territory ot Poland ,in Red Russia, 58 miles S. E. ot Lemberg. ,

IIAEKETSTE1N, a town of Batavia in the department 0 'the Rhine, and late province ot Guelderland ; 1W miles la- 01 larderwyck.

11AL1., John, an English surgeon, who flourished in the reig*ofQ. Elizabeth, at Maidstone in Kent . He was horn in K>29> 111,1published; 1. A Compendium of Anatomy ; and, 2. A Collectin'*of Hymns , with musical Notes, in 1505: besides several tracts 01medicine and surgery. _ , ..

II ai.l, JosF.ru, an eminent English prelate, horn at Ashnyla Zouch, in 1574, and educated at Cambridge. lie became pro*fessor of rhetoric in that university, and was made ecc tor <>t *sted, prebendary of Wolverhampton, dean of Worcester, Bis* 1 ^