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surveyed '.and, and repaired docks and watches. He was, fromhis childhood, attached to any machinery moving by wheels, asappeared while he lay sick'of the sinall-pox about the six'll year ofIns age, when lie had a watch placed open upon his pdlow, toamuse h.mself by contemplation the movement. In 1700, here-moved with his lather to Kti.-icw in Lincolnshire; where heeagerly improved every incident from which lie might collect in-formation; frequently employ ing great part of his nights in writingor drawing: and he always acknowledged h.s obligations to a cler-gyman who lent him u \IS.. copy of professor Sr.undersou’s Lec-tures; which he careiiiily transcribed, with all the diagrams. In1720, he had constructed two clocks, mostly of w ood, in w hich heapplied the escapement and compound pendulum of his own in-vention: these surpassed every tiling then made, scarcely erring asecond in a month. In 1728, lie came up to London with thedrawings ot a machine for determining the longitude at sea, in ex-pectation ot being enabled to execute one by the Hoard of Longi-tude. Upon application to Dr. Ilalley, lie referred him to Mr.George Graham; who advised him to make his machine beforelie applied to the Board. He returned home to perform this task ;and in 1735 came to London with his first machine; with whichhe was sent to Lisbon (lie next wear for a trial of its properties. Inthis short voyage he. corrected the dead reckoning about a degreeand a half; which success procured him both public and privateencouragement. About 1739, he completed liis second machine,of a construction much more simple than the former, and whichanswered much better: this, though not sent to sea, recommendedhim still mope to patronage. His third machine in 1749, was stillless complicated than the second, and superior in accuracy, erringonly three or four seconds in a week. This lie conceived to be.tiie ne plus ultra of his attempts: but in an endeavour to improvepocket-watchcs, the principles he applied surpassed his expectationsso much, as to encourage him to make his fourth time-keeper,which is in the form of a pocket-watch, about six inches diameter."With this time-keeper his son made two vovages, the one to Ja-maica, and the other to Barbadoes ; in both "which experiments itcorrected the longitude within the nearest limits required by theact of the 12th of Queen Anne ; and the inventor, therefore, atdifferent times, though not without great trouble, received theproposed,reward of 20,000/. These four machines were given upto the Board of Longitude. The three former were now of nouse, as all their advantages were comprehended in the last; the\were worthy', however, of being carefully preserved as mechanicalcuriosities, in which might lie traced the gradations of ingenuityexecuted with the most delicate workmanship. They are kept in•the Royal Observatory at Greenwich . The fourth machine, em-phatically called the time-keeper, has been copied by the ingeni-ous Mr. Kendal; and that duplicate, during a three years circum-navigation of the globe in the southern hemisphere by CaptainCook , answered as well as the original. The latter part of Mr.IL irrison’s life was employed in making a fifth improved time-keeper on the same principles with the preceding one ; which, atthe end of a ten weeks trial, in-1772, at the king s Private Obser-vatory at Richmond, erred only four seconds and a half. Withina few years of ins death, he lead frequent fits of the gout, a disor-der that never attacked him before his seventy-seventh year : liedied at his house in Red-Lion Square, in 1776, aged eighty-three.11 is recluse, manner of life, in the unremilted pursuit of Ins favouriteobject, was not calculated to quality him as a man of the world;and the many discouragements lie encountered, in soliciting thelegal reward of his labours, still less disposed Inn to accommodatehimself to the humours ot mankind. In conversing on his profes-sion, lie was clear, distinct, and modest; but found a difficulty inexplaining his meaning by writing; in which lie adhered to a pe-culiar and uncouth phraseology. This was evident in his “ Desorp-tion concerning such Mechanism as w 11 afford a nice or trueMensuration of Time,” &c. 8vo. 1775; in which he obstinately re-fused to accept of any assistance whatever. 1 his work containsalso at: account of his new musical.scale; or mechanic:.1 divisionof the octave* according to the proportion which the radius amidiameter ot a circle have respectiv-iy to the (’T-m.Terence, liehad in his voutli been the leader oi a distinguished band ot church-singers ; had a very delicate ear for music; and, his experimentson sound, with a most curious monochord of his own improve-ment, are reported to have been no less accurate than Uiose he was(engaged in for the mensuration of time.
Harrison, in gi fgraphy, a county of Virginia, bounded on theN. E. bv Monongalia, S. by Gn inhrk r, S. W. by Kanhava, andN. bv Ohio ermity. It is 120 miles long, and eighty broad;Clarksburg is the capital.
11ARR1STOWN, a town of Ireland, in Kildare, Leinster ,eighteen miles S. W. of Dublin .
HARRODSBLRG, or 11A RR O D ST OWN, a town of Kenttucky, in Mercer countv, twi-titv-five mil's S. W. of Lexington.
HARROGATE, or'IIARHOWGATE, a village in the W.Riding of. Yorkshire, ' in the parish of Knare borough, remaikublefor its chalybeate and sulphureous springs. Ko: ■ riy, the elialyrbe;:te-water. cnlv was used internally, and the stiiphuieoiu. springwas .exclusively employed a> an extc-nal remedy At present,however, considerable quantities of the latter are <irmik lor variouscomp] lints. The : ulpbureuii- water is obtained from lour springs,that rise apparently from a large bog situated at a small distancefrom the wells;- and which is composed of decayed vegetablematter, forming a black, liaif fluid, foetid mass, four or five ieetthick, and supported by a bi d ot clay and grave!. V. lien firstdrawn, the Harrogate water is t:\msp .rent, and emits a few air-bubbles. It possesses a strongly foeti I sulphureous smell, similar ..to that of bilge-water; and iso? a 'fitter, nause-. u-, aim stronglysaline, taste. Alter being exposed for several hours to the openair, it becomes turbid, assume > greenish colour, loses its sulphu-reous smell, and deposits sulphur at the bottom and sides of thevessel.
HARROW, [clmrroue, Er. harckc, Germ, a rake,] in agricul-ture, a frame of timbers crossing each other, and sel with teeth,drawn over sowed ground to break tiie. clods, and throw the earthover the seed. See Husbandry.
11AUT, a stag, or nude deer, in the rixth year. See Cervus.
Harts, IIorns of, the horns of the male deer. -The scrap-ings or raspings of the..e, are medicinal, and used in decoctions,ptisans, ike. The horns of karts yield by distillation a very pe-netrating volatile spirit called Volatile Alkali, or Ammonia;which is also procured in equal perfection from the horns, bones,See. of other animals. See Alkali, and Ammonia.
HARTFORD, a populous and hilly country of Connecticut ,bounded on the E. by Tolland.
Hartford, a flourishing city in the above county. It lies 50miles W. of Boston .
HART LEPOO L, a sea-port town in Durham , 10 miles N. ofStockton.
HARTLEY, David, M. A. an eminent physician, born in1704, at Ilingworth, where his father was cur..le. lie received hisacademical education at Jesus college, Cambridge , of which liewas a fellow, lie first practised physic at Newmark upon 'Trent; .afterwards at London ; and lastly went to Bath, where lie d ; ed hi1757, aged 53, leaving two sons and a daughter, il ■ piihhsnecl“ AView of the Evidence for and against Mrs.Siephens’s Medicinesas a Solvent for the Slone, containing 155 Cases with some Experi-ments and Observations;” London , 1739. He b also said to havew ritten against Dr. Warren, of St. Kdmundslmry, in defence ofinoculation; and some Liters ot hi.- are to be met with ia toe Phi-losophical Transactions . His chief literary product ion is “ Obser-vation- on .Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations, in avoparts;” Loudon, 1749, Svo. . , _
Hartley, a town of Northumberland, 12 miles N. E. of New-cast 'e.
IIARTOGIA, in botany; a genus of tiie pentandria order, andmoiuEcia class of plants; natural order, Aggregafie. Calyx five-deft; pet..is four, spreading ; dn.pe ovate, incio^ ug two seeds.There t„ but one species, via. 11.-capi:.. fs, native of tiie Cape ofGood Hope .
IIAR i'-ROYAL, a species of buckthorn-plantain. See Plax-
TAGO.
11 AIT! SHORN, a drug that comes into use manv ways, andunchr many t<-rms. What is used here are tiie wade hi,n« oftiie common male deer, which fail utl every %ear. This species is’lie tallow-deer; 'out some tell us. that the medicinal liarlslu.rtj•iiotild lie that ot the true hart or stag. Tiie alt hartshorn is agreat sudorific, and the spirit has all the virtues of volatile alkalies:it is used to tiring people out of faintings by a-, pung: ncy, hold-ing it under the nose, and pouring down some crops oi it inwater.
1Lvkxshorn,