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borax, and abdomen, are yellow, undulated with brown ; andthe legs are intersected with yellow and brown. The wings, cross-ed one over the other, exceed the length of the body by aboveone half; they are transparent, tinged with a little yellow towardstheir outward edge, and have a spot near that edge of a browncolour. These insects are very difficult to be killed, on accountof the hard crustaceous shell which covers them ; and they lix soclose and fast to the poor animals with their claws, that they can-not rub or bite them off without wounding themselves.

Ill I’POCASTAN UM, the common horse-chesnut. See zF.s-cut.us.

I1IPPOCENTAURS, [from I**®*, a horse, I spur, andmu jo;, a hull,] in antiquity, a fabulous animal, half man and halfhorse. What gave rise to the fable of hippocentaurs, was this.The Thessalians are said to have been the first inventors of the artof breaking horses; and being first seen on horseback, they seem-ed hut one body with the horses; whence the origin of the fable.

HIPPOCRAS, [hypocrai French; i/uasi vinum Hippocmtis,Lat.] a medicated wine. It is composed of wine, with spices andother ingredients; and is much used in France , as a cordial aftermeals. There are various kinds of it, according tb the kind ofwine and other ingredients used : as white, red, claret, and straw-berry hippocras without wine ; cyder hippocras, &c. The Lon-don Dispensatory directs it to he made of cloves, ginger, cinna-mon and nutmegs, grossly powdered, and infused in cauarv withsugar: to this infusion may be added, milk, a lemon, and someslips of rosemary, and the whole strained through tlannel. It isrecommended as a cordial, and in paralytic and nervous cases.

UIPPOCRATEA, in botany, a genus of the monogy nia order,and tetrandia class of plants. C alyx five-parted, petals five, cap-sules three, obcordate, or elliptic, It has two species, II. comosa,and M. volubilis,

II1ITOC E A 1' ES, the greatest physician of antiquity, was bornin the island of Coos, in the 80th Olympiad, and nourished duringthe Peloponnesian war. He was the first on record, who laiddown precepts concerning physic; and, according to his biogra-pher Soranus was descended from Hercules and .'Esculapius. Hewas first a pupil of his father lleraclides, then of Herodicus, thenof Gorgias of Leontium the orator, and according to some, ofDemocritus of Abdera . After being instructed in physic and theliberal arts, and losing his parents, he left Coos, and practised phy-sic all over Greece : where he was so much admired for his skill,that he was publicly sent for by Perdiccas king of Macedonia,who was then thought to be consumptive. But Hippocrates pro-nounced the disease to be entirely mental. For upon the deathof his father Alexander, Perdiccas fell in love with Philas, hisfather’s mistress ; which Hippocrates discerning by the greatchange her presence always wrought upon him, a cure was sooneffected. Being entreated by the people of Abdera to come andcure Democritus of a supposed madness, lie went; hut, upon hisarrival, he declared that Democritus was the only wise man amongthem. He heard many lectures, and learned much philosophyfrom him ; which made Celsus and others imagine, that Hippo-crates was the disciple of Democritus , though it is probable theynever saw each other till this interview. Hippocrates had alsopublic invitations to other countries. Thus, when a plague invadedthe Illyrians and Pivonians, the kings of those countries beggedhim to’ come to their relief: lie refused to go; but predicted that(he distemper would come to Athens ; and, foretelling what wouldhappen, applied himself to take care of the city and the students.The Athenians conferred on him great honours, and voted a pub-lic maintenance for him and his family, lie died B. C. 3dl,His memory is still venerated in his native island, and the inhabi-tants shew with pride a house in which they say lie resided, Thebest editions of his works are those of Geneva, Vol. Iti:i7 ; Amster-dam, 2 vols. 8vo, Hit).'); and Vienna , 2 vois, iolio, 1740.

Hippocrates 's Si.eeve, a woollen bag, made by joining thetwo opposite angles of a square piece ot flannel, used to strain(syrups and decoctions for clarification,

HIPPOCREPIS, Common House-shoe viiTCH ; in botany, agenus of the decandria order, and diadelpbia class of plants; na-tural order, Rapiliouaceie. Legume compressed, several timescmarginate along one of the sutures, curved, There are livespecies. These are small herbaceous plants, with uiieqnally-pin-iute leaves and stipules; peduncles axillary, and terminating, one

von, ii.— ko. UU. 1

or many-ilowered, in umbels; coroilas mostly yellow. Nativesof the South of Europe .

IlIPBODKOME, or I11PPODROMUS, [from i™,;, a horse,and tysjuo;, a course,] in antiquity, a course uherein chariot andhorse races were performed, and horses exercised.

HIPPOMANE, the Manchineel-tref., a genus of the mona-delphia order, and tnonorcia class of plants; natural order,Tricoccae.See Plate LXV. Male, ament; perianthium bifid ; corolla none :female, perianthium bifid; corolla none; stigma three-parted;drupe or capsule three-grained. There are three species. II. manci-nella, manchinecl-tree, is a very large treu in the West Indies , al-most equalling the oak in size. '1 he first accounts of this treestated that it was dangerous to sit or lie under it, and that the rainwhich falls from the leaves will raise blisters in the skin. Howeverprofessor Jacquin informs us, that lie and his companions reposedupwards of three hours under a manchineel-tree, without receivingany injury ; and that rain dropping from the leaves upon them wasperfectly innocent. It is dangerous to eat of the fruit, which re-sembles crab-apples; it occasions vomiting, and a burning heat inthe mouth, throat, and stomach, for many hours after. The juiceof the buds of the white cedar is esteemed an antidote to this poi-son, and is generally used with success.

HIPPOMANES, [from mro,-, ahorse, and/xavix, madness,]a sort of poison famous among the ancients as an ingredient in a-morous philters or love-charms. Virgil, and after him Servius andColumella, describe it as a poisonous matter tricking from thepudendum of a mare when proud, or longing for the horse. Atthe end of M. Bayle’s Dictionary ' is a very learned dissertationon the hippomanes, and all its virtues real ami pretended.

I11PPONA, [from a horse.] or EBON A,in ancient my-thology, the goddess of horses.

111PPOP1I AE, Sea-Buckthokn ; a genus of the tetrandriaorder, and dioecia class of plants; natural order, Calycifiorax Male,calyx two-parted; corolla none; Female, calyx bifid; corollanone; style one; berry one-seeded. It has two species, viz. II.rhamnoides, common sea-buckthorn, and II. canadensis, Canadian sea-buckthorn.

IIIPPOPIIAGI, in ancient geography, a people of Srythia, socalled from their living on horseflesh ; the tare at this day of theTartars their descendants. Also, a people of Persia .

II1PPOPODES, or IIIPPOPODLE, [from Giro- a horse,and war, a foot,] in ancient geography, an appellation, given to acertain people situated on the banks of the Scythian sea, who weresupposed to have had horses feet.

HIPPOPOTAMUS, [evOTf and 7r9TO|a©-,] the River-Horse, agenus of quadrupeds of the order belluax The generic characteris, the front-teeth of the upper jaw four, placed in pairs; those ofthe lower jaw prominent, and the intermediate ones protruded for-ward; canine teeth single, obliquely truncated; teats only two,placed near the groin. It is a native of the warmer regions of theglobe, and is chiefly found in the middle parts of Africa , inhabit-ing large rivers, and especially such as run through countries over-shadowed by large forests; walking about at the bottom, and rais-ing itself at intervals to the surface, for the purpose of respiration.By night it quits its watery residence, to graze in the neighbouringplains, devouring great quantities of herbage, and w ith its vastteetli destroying the more tender kind of trees and other vege-tables. Jt is sometimes seen even in the sea, at some distancefrom tlio mouths of rivers, but this is supposed to be merely for thepurpose of exercise; for it will not even drink salt-waier, anddoes not prey on fish, or indeed live on any kind of animat food.The general size of the hippopotamus seems to be nearly equal tothat of flic rhinoceros, and it is sometimes even superior. Its formis highly uncouth; the body being extremely large, fat, andround; the legs very short and thick; the head very large; themouth extremely wide, and the teetli of vast strength and size,more particularly the tusks or canine teeth of the lower jaw, whichare of a curved form : they sometimes measure more than two feetin length, and weigh upwards of six pounds each, 'File wholeanimal is covered with short hair, which is more thinly set on tireunder parts than on the upper. The hippopotamus when justemerged from the water appears of a palish-brown, or mouse-colour, with a bluish or slate-coloured cast on the upper parts;and the belly is flesh-coloured, the skin appearing through thehair. ’When perfectly dry the colour is an obscure brown, with-8 U out