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aid physic.- In 1674, he was admitted M. D. In 1677, lie was.made professor extraordinary in physic, and in 1681, professor inordinary. I 11 process of time his lame was spread so far andwide that lie was sought after by persons of the lirsl rank. Uponflic death of his father, in 1698, he succeeded him in his places ofbotanic professor and director -of the physic-garden. He wavelected also rector of the university o. Altorf , a post wh.ch he hadoccupied in 16-16. He lost his great triernl and patron, the mar-quis-of Anspach, in 1703; but found the same kindness Irom hissuccessor, William Frederic, w ho pressed him so earnestly to re-side nearer, and made him likewise such advantageous offers, that,in 1713, he removed from Altorf to Anspach, where he died in1 ~'17. He published a great number of works, w Inch are highlyesteemed ; among these were a continuation of Ins father’s work,entitled, Deliciai Ilortensis Altdoriina', Acta L-.iboraioru ChemiciAltdorlini ;-and De Ditferentiis Aiimentorum, ito.

I1.0G, in zoology. See Ovis and Sus.

Hog, on board of a ship, is a sort of Hat scrubbing-broomformed by inclosing a number of short twigs of birch or such woodbetween two pieces of plank fastened together, on culling off theends of the twigs. It is made lie of to scrape the tilth irom theship’s bottom under water, particularly in the act of boot-top-ping.

HOGARTH, William, a celebrated painter, was born at Lon-don in 1698, and bound apprentice to an engraver of arms on sil-ver-plate. About 1720 beset up for himself, and his first employ-ment was to engrave coats of arms and shop-bills. He next under-took to execute plates for booksellers, the chief of which are theprints to Iludibras. His first performance as a painter was a re-presentation of Wanstead assembly, the portraits being taken fromlife. I 11 1730 he married a daughter ot Sir John Thornhill, andshortly after embellished the gardens of Vauxhal! with someexcellent paintings, for which the proprietor complimented himwith a perpetual iicket of admission. In 1733 appeared his Har-lot’s Progress, prints which stamped his reputation, and were fol-lowed by other moral histories, admirably executed. Soon afterthe treaty of Aix-ki-ChapelU- he went to France, and while at Ca-lais began to sketch a drawing of the gale of the town, for whichhe was taken up, but was soon released. This circumstance lie ri-diculed in an excellent caricature. I 11 1733 he published his Ana-lysis of [leantv, in 4to. llogarth was very vain, and thought him-self the first painter of the age. lie was also remarkably absent,of which the following is an instance: On setting up his carriagelie paid a visit to the lord mayor, and having protracted his slay-til! a heavy shower came on, he was let out by a different doorfrom that bv which lie tillered, and, unmindful of his carriage, hevet off on foot, and got home dripping wet. When Mrs. Hogarth had asked him where he had left the carriage, he said that lie hadforgot it. lie died in 1762, and was buried in the church-yard ofChiswick — li'ali \ s.

HOGbllF.AU, a measure of capacity containing sixty-threegallons.

HOGUE, a Iowa and cape of France , on the N. W. point ofthe department of the Channel and late province of Normandy ;near which Admiral Uook burnt the French admiral’s ship, calledthe Rising Sun, with twelve more large men of war, the day afterthe victory obtained by Admiral Russel near Cherburg, in May1692 . Lon. 1 . 45. W. Lat. 49. 50. N.

UOIIF.NZOLLF.RX, a principality of Germany, in Suabia ,divided into two branches, Hohonzoilern Ileckingen, and Ilohen-zoliern Sigmaringen .

ilOHNS FEIN, a county of Germany, in Thuringia , ancientlypossessed by the descendants of Charlemagne .

HOIST, in sea-language, denotes the perpendicular height of aflag or ensign, as opposed totheily, which signifies its breadthfrom the tali’ to the outer edge.

■ HOISTING, the operation of drawing up any body by the as-sistance of one or more t ickles. Hoisting is never applied to theact of pulling up any body by the help of a single block, exceptin the exercise of extending ihe sails by drawing them upwards.ileug the masts or stays, to'which it is invariably apnlied.

ilOKE-DAY, IiOCK-OAY, or HOCK-TUESDAY, inancient English customs (dies Marti,, quem .quindenam pasclia.’vocant), the second Tuesday after Easter week ; a solemn festivalcelebrated lor many ages in England in memory of the great

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slaughter of the Danes, in 1000. This is still kept up in somecounties; and the women bear the principal sway in it, stoppingall passengers with ropes and chains, and exacting some smallmatter from them to make merrv w ith.

HOKIEN, or IIOK.I ENEOUj a city of China , in the pro-vince of l’e tcheii, eighty-seven miles.S. of Pekin.

HOLCUS, Indian SIillet, or Corn : a genus of the nionce.cia order, and polygamia class of plants; natural order, Gramma.Hermaphrodite, calyx glume, one or two-llowered; corollaglume, awned ; stamina three; styles two; seed one; male, ca-lyx glume, two-valved; corolla none; stamina three. 'There arefifteen species.

11. Sorghum, or Guinea-Corn , is the most remarkable of (heforeign species. 'File stalks are large, compact, and full eight feethigh. In Senegal the fields are entirely covered with it. 'Thenegroes, who call it guiarnot, cover the ears w hen ripe with itsown leaves to shelter it from the sparrows. 'The grain made intobread is esteemed very wholesome. With this the skives in theWest: Indies are generally led,, each being allowed from a pint toa quart every day. See Plate LXV.

HOLD, the w hole interior cavity, or belly of a ship, or all thatpart of her insRle, which is comprehended between ihe floor andthe lower deck throughout her whole length. This capaciousapartment usually cor.tL-.ins the ballast, provisions, and stores, of aship of war, and the principal part of the cargo in a merchantman.The disposition of these articles with regard to each other, natu-rally tabs under consideration in the article Stowage ; it suffices inthis placet') say, that the places where the ballast, water, provi-sions, and liquors, are stowed, are known by the general name ofthe hold, 'The several store-rooms are separated from each otherby bulk-heads, and are denominated according to the articleswhich they contain, the sail-room, the bread-room, the fish-room,the spirit-room, &c.

HOLDERNESS, a peninsula in the east riding of Yorkshire ,forming a promontory between the German ocean on the E. andthe Humber on the a.

UOLDSWORTHY, a town in Devonshire, 43 miles E. N. E.of Exeter.

HOLINESS, anciently a title given to all bishops. The Greekemperors also were addressed under the title of Holiness, as beinganointed with holy oil at their coronation. Du Cange also informs11 s that some of the kings of England have had the same attri-bute ; arid that the orientals have frequently refused it to thepope.

HOLLAND, a province of Europe , the principal of the DutchStales, commonly ealletl the Seven United Pro\ inec-s, and nowstiled Batavia. Holland is a peninsula , bounded on the N. andW. hy the German Ocean, on the E. by the Znyder Zee and thelate state of Utrecht , and on the S. hy the Meuse ami thelate province of Dutch Brabant. It was divided into North andSouth Holland. The length of the whole, including the Texeland the other islands of the Meuse , is about 90 miles; the breadthis various, from 15 to 48. It contains 90 walled towns, besidesmany others. The soil is so soft and marshy, thafibutfor the con-stant care in forming ditches and canals, it would be hardly capa-ble of cultivation ; some part-of it lies even lower than the sea,from which it is secured by dykes. The meadow-grounds arerich, and feed great numbers of milch-cows ; the making of butterand cheese being a principal occupation. These meadows aregenerally under water during the winter, and the water would re-main there at all times, if the inhabitants had not found means todischarge them, by milia invented for this purpose, into (he ditchesand canals. The Hollanders are affable, industrious, laborious,absorbed in trade, excellent sailors, moderate politicians, andlovers of liberty. A free exercise of religion is allow ed to all per-suasions, but Calvinism is the most prevailing. 'This country wasanciently inhabited by the Batavians, who derived their originfrom (lie Catti, a people of Germany . Having been obliged'toabandon their country on account of civil wars, thev came to estab-lish themselves in an island, formed by the waters of the Rhine and Waha! or Leek, and named their country Batavia, or Betinve,from Button, the son of their king.

Holland, a district of England in Lincolnshire, in the S. E.part of the country. In nature, as well a; in name, it resemblesthe Batavian state above described. It consists entirely of fens6 and