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h> buttin' former, the density of the air in which it is found;''hich density depends not only on the weight of the atmosphere,but also on the action of heat and cold, &c. Authors, however,f> e »ei\illy confound the two together; and Mr. Boyle himself givesa very good manometer, under the name of a statical barometer,oee Baromlter. Another kind of manometers were made useby Col. Kqv, in his attempts to correct the errors of the barome-B‘r, ;n U l are described in the Philos. Trans. Vol. LX.VII, p. 689.“ 1 hey were (says he) of various lengths, from four to upwards otO'tfht feet: they consisted of straight tubes, whose bores wereOuiiluionly from one-loth to one-'JJth of an inch diameter. TheCapacity of the lube was carefully measured, by making a column°i quicksilver, about three or four inches long, move along it fromone end to the other. These spaces were severally marked, witha fine-edged file, on the tubes ; and transferred from them to long^hps of pasteboard, for the subsequent construction of the scalesfespectiveiy belonging to each, 'the bulb, attached to one end of*he manometer at the glass-house, was of the form/of a pear, whosepoint being occasional! v opened, dry or moist air cotdd be readilyadmitted, and the bulb sealed again, without any sensible altera-l .‘°n in its capacity. The air was couiined by a column of quick-s uver, long or short, and w ith the bulb downward or upwards, ac-cording to the nature of the proposed experiment. Here it mustbe observed, that, from the adhesion of the quicksilver to the tube,me instrument will not. act Irulv, except it he in a vertical posi-hon; and even then it is necessary to give it a small degree of-motion, to bring the quick into its true place; where it will re-main in equtlibrio, between the exterior pressure of the atmosphere°n one side, and the interior elastic force of the confined air on theother. Pounded ice and water were used to fix a freezing pointOn the tube ; and by means of salt and ice, the air was farther con-densed, generally four, and sometimes five or six degrees belowcero. 'I ne thermometer and manometer were then placed in a'n-vessel among water, which was brought into violent ebullition ;here having remained a sufficient lime, ami motion being giveno the manometer, a boiling point was marked thereon. Alterbis the fire was removed, and the gradual descents of the piece ofJioicksilver, corresponding to every 20 degrees of temperature inhe thermometer, were successively marked on a deal-rod appliedbo the manometer. It is to he observed, that both instruments,'bile i n n le wa t crj were in circumstances perfectly similar; that is,' e ball and bulb were at the bottom of the vessel; In order to be' er tain that no air had escaped by the side of the quicksilver du-§ fbe operation, the manometer was frequently placed a secondhie in melting ice. If the barometer had not altered between'e beginning and end of the experiment, the quicksilver always1ecanie stationary at or near the first mark. If any sudden changea d taken place in the weight of the atmosphere during that in-1 v al, t| 1( . san , e was noted, and allowance made for it in afterwards1 ^portioning the spaces. Long tubes, with bores truly cylmdri-I ’ °r of any uniform figure, are scarcely ever met with. Such°"'ever as were used in these experiments, generally tapered inbi l V| Ctty re B u ' ar manner from one end to the other. \\ hen the0 j. b was downwards, and the tube narrowed that way, the columnquicksilver confining the air lengthened in the lower half of the[ a e > and augmented the pressure above the mean. In thej!cP.cr half, the column being, shortened, the pressure was di-)j "lulled below the mean. In this case, the observed spacesrat'* Wa y s fi'em the centre were diminished in the inversep 10 °f [the heights of the barometer at each space, com-hull" C Wltl1 its me: "’ bfight. If the bore widened towards thec ‘wh*,i downwards, the observed spaces, each way from thep (> . re > were augmented in the same inverse ratio; but in the ex-Pp '.'Hunts on air less dense than the atmo phere, the bulb beingif a ari ‘ s > the same equation was applied with contrary signs : andi-,. s y extraordinary irregularity took place in the tube, the cor-s pnces were proportioned both ways from that point,a nd J 1 ' 1 '' lugh or low, that answered to the mean. I he observedPast VV'^tcd manometrical spaces being thus,laid down on thetilen )0J1C ^ containing the measures of the tube; the 212° of theWre 11 ° meter ’ ' n exact proportion to the sections of the bore,ear q C0| istructed along-side of them : hence the coincidences withdeerp°, ' er wcri: easily seen ; and the number ot the; momclricalinto a [' s ' v ering to each manometrical space readily transferredMa Vrx P rt ‘l ,ai 'ud for the purpose.”

v,,, 1 tMt, [from inaneo, to stay, as being the usual residence

von.in.— N0 . iaa,

of the owner,'] seems to have been a district of ground held bylords or great personages ; who kept in their own hands so muchland as was necessary for the use of their families. These landswere called tense dominicales, or demesne lands ; being occupiedby the lord, or domiuus manerii, and his servants. The other,or tenemental lands, they distributed among their tenants; which,from the different modes of tenure, were called and distinguishedby two different names. First hook-land, or charter-land, whichwas held bv deed under certain rents and free services, and ineffect differed nothing from free soccage lands: and hence havearisen most of the free-bold tenants who hold of particular manors,and owe suit and service to the same. The other species wascalled folk-lands, which was held by no assurance in writing, butdistributed among the common folk at the pleasure of the lord, andresumed at his discretion ; being indeed land held in villenage.See Villenage.. 1 The residue of the manor, being uncultivated,was termed the lord’s waste, and served for public roads, and forcommon of pasture to the lord and his tenants. Manors were for-merly called Baronies, as they still are lordships; and each lordor baron was empowered to hbld a domestic court, called the courtbaron, for redressing misdemeanors and nuisances within the manorand for settling disputes of property among the tenants. Thiscourt is an inseparable ingredient of everv manor : and if the num-ber of suitors should so fail, as not to leave sufficient to make::jury or homage, that is, two tenants at the least, the manor itselfis lost. In early times, the king’s greater barons, who had alarge extent of territory held under the crown, granted out fre-quently smaller manors to inferior persons to be held of themselves;which therefore now continue to be held under a superior lord,who is called in such cases the lord paramount over ail these ma-nors; and his seignory is frequently termed an honour, not amanor; especially if it hath belonged to an ancient ieodal baron,or hath been at any time in the hands of the crown. In imitationwhereof, these inferior lords began to carve out and grant to othersstill more minute estates, to be held as of themselves, and were so| proceeding downwards in infinitum, till the superior lords ob-| served, tlnu, by this method of subinfeudation, they lost all theirfeudal profits of wardships, marriages, and escheats, which fellinto the hands of these mesne or middle lords, who were the im-mediate superiors of the terre tenant, or him who occupied theland; and also that the mesne lords themselves were so impover-ished therebv, that they were disabled from performing their ser-vices to tlneir own superiors. This occasioned, first, that provisionin the 32d chapter of niagna charta, 9 Hen. III. that no manshould either give or sell his land without reservingsufficient toanswer the demands of his lord: and, afterwards, the statute ofWestm. 3, or quia emptores, 18 Edw. I. o. 1, which directs, that,upon all sales, or feoffments of land, the feoffee should hold thesame, not of his immediate feoffer, but of the chief lord of the fee,of whom such feolfer himself held it. But these provisions not ex-tending to the king’s own tenants in capite, the like law concern-ing them is declared by the statutes of prawogativa regis, 17 Edw.II. c. 6, and of34 Edw. III. c. 15, by which la.-t all subinfeuda-tions, previous to the reign of Edward I. were confirmed ; but allsubsequent to that period were left open to the king’s prerogative.Hence it is clear, that all manors existing at this day, must haveexisted as early as Edward I. for it is essential to a manor, thatthere be tenants who hold of the lord ; and, by the operation ofthese statutes, no tenant in capite since the accession of -thatprince, and no tenant of a common lord since the statute ofquia emptores, could create any new tenants to hold ot himself. SeeVillen age.

MANOSQUE, a populous town of France , in the departmentof the Lower Alps, and late .province of Provence , 15 miles W.oi Apt, and 350 S. by E. of Paris .

MANRESA, or MANXES, a town ot Spain, in Catalonia ,20 miles N. W. of Barcelona . Lon. 1. 56. E. Lat. 41, 36. N.

MANS, or LE MANS, an ancient and rich town of France ,capital of the department of the Sarte, 20 miles S. of Alentjon,and 75 VV. bv N. of Orleans. Lon. 0. 18. E. Lat. 47. 58. N.

MANSAROAR, a large lake of Asia, In Thibet , from whichthe southernmost head of the Ganges issues, ft is 115 miles in cir-cumference. Lon. 79. 0. E. Lat. 33. 15. N.

- MANSE, MANSUS, MANSA, or MANSUM ; in ancientlaw-books, denotes an house or habitation, either with or withoutland. See House, Manor, and Mansion,.

5 F Manse,