MAR

399

MAR

e set up by -virtue of the king’s grant, or by long and imme-,Jorial usage and prescription, 1 which presupposes such a grant,he limitation of these public resorts, to such time and place asbe most convenient for the neighbourhood, forms a part ofeonomics, or domestic polity ; which considering the kingdom? a large family, and the king as the master of it, he has clearly ato dispose and order as he pleases.

MARTABAN, a province of Asia , in the kingdom of Pegu,n the gulph of Bengal. It produces rice and all kinds of fruitsP r oper to the climate. It has mines of various metals, and carries11 a great trade.

, Martaban, the capital of the above province, with a good“arbour, Lon. 97. 50. E. Lat. 15. 35. N.

MARTEL, a town of France , in the department of Lot, 11N. of Cahors . Lon. 1.44. E. Lat. 44. 55. N.rj, MARTHA, St. a province of South America , on the coast ofsrra Firma, bounded on the N. by the North Sea , E. by Rio3ur\ Hache, S. by New Granada, and W. by Carthagena. It isI “ wiles long and 200 broad, is a mountainous country, and the

b S ver y high.

Mar XHAj g T- jbe capital of the Spanish part bf the above pro-n <*. Lon. 74. 11. W. Lat. 11.20. N.

^Martha, St. or Sierra Neveda, a very high mountain in: e ' v Spain ; said to‘ be 100 miles in circumference at the bottom,miles in height. Lon. 74. 35. W. Lat. 8. 0. N.c Martha’s Vineyard, an island of North America , near the> ast of New England, 80 miles S. of Boston . Lon. 74. 35. W.jMl. 0. N.

to e ARTJAL. in the old chemical nomenclature, was often used5M )r ess preparations of iron.

hit AR - tial L aw . ' s the law of war that depends upon the just^ I arbitrary will and pleasure of the king, or his lieutenant: forM’hgh the king doth not make any laws but by common consentt 0 Parliament, yet, in time of war, by reason of the necessity of itSo guard against dangers that often arise, he useth absolute power,.hat his word is a law. Smith de Repub. Aug. lib. 2, c. 4.

Hot .^ e mar tiai l aw (according to Chief Justice Hale) is in realityand”- ' a " ’ but something indulged rather than allowed as a law ;to re Htes only 1° members of the army, being never intendedH t? exec uted on others, who ought to be ordered and governedI e laws to which they are subject, though it be a time of war.his exerc ‘ se °f martial law, whereby any person might lose1,e . or member, or liberty, may not be permitted in time ofJtistj^’ wben L' e king’s courts are open for all persons to receive

ART! A LIS, Marcus Valerius, a famous Latin poet,kuj Pat Bilbilis, (now Bubiera, in Arragon,) was of the order ofth ei ? |. H e vven t t 0 Rome at the age of twenty-one, and staidtin n t ' ’irty-five years, under Galba and the succeeding emperors,;u U j ,' e reign of Trajan ; and having acquired the esteem of TitusHo ( >i' U | 0lT >itian, he was created tribune. But, finding that lie wasv if e ecte< * hy Trajan, he returned to Bilbilis , where he married a? s bp- aiU ' ' lvef l with ber several years. He commends her much,joy e j n g alone sufficient to supply the want of every thing he en-ilpj at Home. “ Romam tu mihi sola facis,” says he, in lib. xii8he appears likewise to have been a lady of a veryof the h lne > for in iib - xii - Ll>ig- SI, he extols the magnificence“ slip , " ? e and gardens he had received from her, a ' ‘'

had made him a kind of little monarchThp r „ Has Marcella domos, parvaque regna dedit.

Point, are still extant fourteen books of his epigrams, filled withIlo, v ’ a Play upon words, and obscenities. 1 he style is affected,of th p Vei .’ s °me of his epigrams are excellent; many of them arethat ),„ rnit l < lluig kind ; but the greatest part of them are bad : soy °fb s ne ver spoke a greater truth, than when he said of his own

Tl lere ^ iln t bona, sunt qua-dam mediocria, sunt mala pluraPHithp nt S , a so ascribed to him a book on the spectacles of the am-klartiai le ’ r . bu l the most learned critics think it was not written byphini at 9’ e . best editions of Martial are, those in Usuin Del-hi A T)mTL, arls ’ 1617, and cum Notis Variorum,of t| le 1 1GUES, a sea-port town of France , in the department4. an T.' 10l , ,bls °1 the Riione, and late province of Provence . Lon

MARTitV 43 ' 38 - N - .

tN, Benjamin, one of tire most eminent artists and

mathematicians of his age, was horn in 1704. After publishing avariety of ingenious treatises, and particularly a periodical work,entitled “ Martin’s General Magazine of Arts and Sciences,” andcarrying oil for many years a very extensive trade as an opticianand globe-maker in Fleet-street, the infirmities of age compelledhim to withdraw from the active part of business. Trusting tothe integrity ot others, he, though previously possessed of a capi-tal more than sufficient to pay all his debts, became a bankrupt.In a fit of despair he attempted to destroy himself, and the wound,though not immediately mortal, hastened his death, which hap-pened February 19, 1782, in ills 78th year. He had a valuablecollection of fossils and curiosities, which, after his death, weresold by auction, much below their value. His principal publica-tions are, The Philosophical Grammar, 1735, 8vo. A new, com-plete, and universal System of Decimal Arithmetic, 1735, 8vo.The Young Student’s Memorial Book, or Patent Library, 1735,8vo. Description and Use of both the Globes, the ArmillarySphere and Orrery, Trigonometry, &c. 1736, 2 vols. Svo. Sys-tem of the Newtonian Philosophy, 1759, 3 vols. New Elementsof Optics, 1759. Natural History of England, with a Map ofeach Comity, 1759, 2 vols. Philology, and Philosophical Geo-graphy, 1759. Mathematical Institutions, 1764, 2 vols. Livesof Philosophers, with their Inventions, Ac. .764. Introductionto the Newtonian Philosophy, 1765. Institutions of Astronomi-cal Calculations, 2 parts, 1765. Description and Use of theAir-Pump , 1766. De-cription of the Torricellian Barometer,1766. Appendix to the Description and Use of the Globe,1766. Philosophia Britannica, 1778, 3 vols. Gentleman andLady’s Philosophy, 3 vols. Miscellaneous Correspondence, 4vols. Principles of Pump-Work. Theory of the Hydrometer.Description and Use of a Case of Mathematical Instruments .Ditto of a Universal Sliding-llule. Micrographia, or the Micro-scope . Principles of Perspective. Course of Lectures. OpticalEssays. Essay on Electricity. Essay on Visual Glasses, or Spec-tacles. Horologia Nova, or New Ait of Dialing. Theory ofCornels. Nature and Construction of Solar Eclipses. Venus inthe Sim. The Mariner’s Mirror. Thermometrum Magnum.Survey of the Solar System. Essay on Island Crystal. Logo -rithmologia Nova. Lingua Britannia Reformata, &c. &c,

Martin, in ornithology. See Hirundo.

Martin, in zoology. See Mustela.

Martin, St. was born at Sabaria in Pannonia , now calledStain in Lower Hungary, in the beginning of the fourth century.His father was a military tribune ; and he himself was obliged tocarry arms, although peace and solitude were more agreeable tohis inclination. He was remarkable for every virtue, in a profes-sion which is too often considered to give a sanction to viceSoon after being baptized, he renounced the military professionfor the monastic. After passing many years in solitude, he return-ed to Pannonia , and converted his mother, and with great zealopposed the Arians, who governed the church in Illyria , for whichhe was publicly whipped. He afterwards retired to the neigh-bourhood of Poictiers, where he remained, till he was elected bi-shop of Tours in the year 374. He built the celebrated monas-tery of Marmoutier, near Tours, between the Loire and a steeprock, where he displayed the most exemplary sanctity. He af-terwards became the apostle of all Gaul; diffused the doctrines ofChristianity among the heathens, and destroyed their temples.The emperor Vaientinian, and the tyrant Maximus, treated himwith distinguished honour. He used his influence with the latterto preserve the Priscillianists, who were prosecuted by Ithace andIdace, bishops of Spain . He died at Candes, November 8 397or as others say, on the 11th November, 400. He is the first ofthe saints confessors whom the Latin church idolized by offeringpublic prayers to him. His life is written in elegant Latin by For-tunatus, and Sulpitius Severus one of his disciples.

Martin, St. an island of America , and one of the Caribbeeslying on the gulph of Mexico, N. W. of St. Bartholomew , and8. W. of Anguilla . It is 42 miles in circumference. Lon fio57. W. Lat. 18. 4. N.

Martin, St. a town of France , in the isle of Rhee, 15 mil**W. of Rochelle. Lon. 1. 17. W. Lat. 46. 10. N.

MARTIN GAL, a broad strap made fast to the girths underthe belly of a horse, and running between the two legs to fastenthe other end, under the nose-band of the bridle.

MARTINICO,'