MEDICINE.

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skin, which in the couise of about three days fall off in brannytd les. “ As the contagious material of the small-pox may beimposed t 0 h e diffused in the air like a tine dry powder, and mix-"S with the saliva in the mouth to infect the tonsils in its passage'* tile stomach, so the contagious material of the measles may bej ll Pposed to be more completely dissolved in the air, and thus to"Part its poison to the membrane of the nostrils which covers thesme " i whence a catarrh with sneezing ushers in the fe-<;i ’' Zoononua.

a/. j)/, Measles too often lay the foundation of pulmonary con-ation, to prevent which the symptoms denoting inflammationhie lungs are to be with much solicitude obviated ; and for thisI mpose small doses of tincture of digitalis are to be preferred toer }’. other medicine. Venesection cannot with propriety beKiM- young subjects, however imperiously called for; and di-r. *hs supplies its place without the risk of inducing indirect debi-j- .V Steady and cool atmosphere, not cold air in currents. Re-jjgorant cathartics, with calomel. Animal food not to be given.„ ‘Sjtalis, with a very small quantity of opium, for the cough suc-'*(, 3 measles. '

“'jms VI. Miliaria , miliary fever, is merely a symptomatic. "ption of small red pimples about the neck and face, which in. 0 days become white pustules, and desquamate. They have a( l c ’diar smell. Much anxiety and difficulty of breathing precede■ e eruption. This disorder appears to be a consequence of an'Proper heating regimen in fever.k>eiuis V11. Scarlatina , scarlet fever .

% M'Woms, &c. After pyrexia has lasted about four days ad ap *et eruption appears on the skin, sometimes attended with in-'!*<' tonsils and cervical glands: these last sometimes appearuiom cutaneous eruption, and the disease has been called cy-b^he maligna. This disorder is apt to be mistaken for measles;'p,. 1,1 scarlet fever there are no catarrhal symptoms as in measles,."s disorder is very irregular in its aspect; anti often, withoutlc . care, tatal in its termination. Sometimes, without anya i u ’| U .'"'g symptoms in the onset of the fever, a change takes place,(t e | ln the course of a few hours the patient falls into the arms ofV Tiie unfavourable symptoms are the same as in other fe-ll. s ‘ It is a disease piincipaily of children. Whether it dependh~,° n speeifie contagion, like measles and small-pox, is not per-kily ascertained. _ _ ‘ 1

Vi,,*’ tlold affusion. Cold air. Anlimonials, opium, bark,«« p’ Sa '' lle purgatives or enemas, nitre, blisters. See the sectiontever in this article.

stuMp 11115 VII1. Urticaria , nettle-rash . After pyrexia for a day,' v ki s P ots » I'^ e fl le stinging of nettle?, appear on the skin,s Cai . ch utmost vanish during the day, but return in the evening. Itl ast Cfc 'y requires any medical treatment. The disease does not^niore than two or three days.

by ^"tts IX. Aphtha, thrush. Spots on the fauces and tongue,ti c , llc h this disorder is constituted, are almost always symptoma-q °ther diseased states.

tio, ls en " s X. Pemphigus, “ a fever attended by successive crap-yell . v esicles about the size of almonds, which are filled with atr eat Wls h serum, and in three or four days subside.” Thefev er llei 't is to be regulated by the nature of the attendant

I'll

Vi'nij e definition of this order is, pyrexia, with profusion of blood,Sh e , v j^ t any external violence; blood when drawn from a veinft the huffy coat. Discharges of blood, however, are oftena re ev -, et ' with pyrexical irritation, and indeed for the most part^ u gtir e,1Ces- not: merel >- °f local, but also of general weakness.av e f Co ei ’fed energy in the larger propelling vessels may indeed'V e '? le tjie resisting power of the smaller branches, and pro-°cal , I' s called active hxmor

Order IV.-

-Hemorrhagict.

Discharges of blood.

b;

■tin,

, eanea active hxmorrhage; in this case we have only0 I I'tyto contend with in the cure. Dr. Darwin dividesattrib ut “ a 6« into the arterial and venous, the latter of which he,' v eve eS ) i° defect of venous absorption; it does not appear,0 die 0 ! • . d le y eins act in the manner of absorbents, according?, e Heral h! 01 ? 11 our au th° r - Venous haemorrhage depends uponI- blo 0t r akne?s ’ accidentally directed to the vessels from whichUglily P ou red out by rupture of their coats. It is always a■ * sthenic disease.

Genus I. Epistuxis, bleeding from the nose.

Symptoms. Rain or fullness of the head, giddiness, dimness ofvision, drowsiness, irritation of the nostrils. It is the disorderprincipally of young persons, who have a lax and weak fibre; insome few instances it occurs as vicarious of obstructed menses, andsometimes appears in men when the haemonhoidal discharge hasbeen suddenly arrested.

\I. M. Cold applied to the neck and head. Mechanicalpressure, or absorbing substances, to the nostrils. Acids and as-tringents internally. Avoiding irritation of the body or mind.The bowels to be kept gently open. Nourishing, but not stimu-lating, aliment. In the epistaxis of old people, and in cases ofmuch weakness, bark, vitriolic acid, opium. If the disorder isviolent, and have depended upon the suppression of some otiierdischarge, such discharge to be restored.

Genus II. Ha-moptysis. Spitting of blood. Symptoms.Redness of the cheeks, a sen ation of weight in the breast, difficultrespiration. Saltish taste in the mouth, irritation in the tracha-a,coughing up of florid blood. Haemoptysis more usually appearsin individuals with a slender make and contracted chest, who areof an irritable habit, and who have been subjected in their earlieryears to epistaxis. ft generally comes on at the age of puberty.Causes. Violent irritation of mind or body, sudden vicissitudesof heat and cold, too powerful exertion of the lungs, as in singing,coughing, playing upon wind-instruments. Like epistaxis, andindeed more frequently, it immediately originates from obstructedmenses. Sometimes it appears vicarious of a gouty paroxysm.

M. M. All irritation and irregularities to be carefully guardedagainst. Bowels to be kept evacuated by mild purgatives. Man-na. Tamarinds. Peruvian or oak-bark, combined with mineralacids, especially the sulphuric. Opium. Digitalis in large doses,so as to occasion nausea. “A table-spoonful of common salt.”(Dr. Rush.) “ One immersion in cold water, or a sudden sprink-ling all over with cold water, would probably stop a pulmonaryhaemorrhage.” (Darwin.) Procure a return of the obstructeddischarge.

Phthisis pulmonalis , consumption of the lungs.

Symptoms. Emaciation, weakness, cough, hectic fever, andfor the most part an expectoration of pus. Dr. Cullen has intro-duced pulmonary consumption into his nosology, as a sequel ofhaemoptysis. This common and fatal malady, however, often,and indeed for the most part, originates independently of haemor-rhage from the lungs. Its origin and progress are most usuallyexceedingly insidious. The persons chiefly obnoxious to phthisisare those of a scrophulous habit, who have been disposed previ-ously to suffer by lymphatic tumours, who are of a slender make,have long necks and narrow chests, who have been liable in then-earlier years to bleeding at the nose, who have had frequent ca-tarrhal affections while children, and in whom cough has remainedor been ill-treated after the eruptive diseases of infancy, moreespecially the measles. These predispositions ordinarily breakout into actual disease, at, or shortly after, the period of puberty.It is at this time that the pulmonary circulation becomes altered;and the seeds of the disease, hitherto latent, are expanded and de-veloped. In any constitution then at this period, and more espe-cially in those that are characterized by a scrophulous tendency,a short and generally dry cough, succeeding perhaps to a trivialcold, attended with emaciation in the smallest degree, and moreespecially if the pulse be rapid, and the cheek be marked by hec-tic redness, alternating with more than usual paleness of counte-nance, the patient is to be assiduously watched, and the disorderearnestly combated.

Causes. Phthisical ulceration of the lungs, or confirmed con-sumption, is ordinarily produced through the medium ol tubercles,or small bodies, in the cellular texture of these organs, which, byrepeated and gradual irritation, at length come to ulcerate amidestroy the fabric of the lungs, and produce the symptoms offully-formed phthisis. The origin and actual nature of these bq.dies are not perhaps very evident; they were formally errone-ously imagined to be indurated lymphatic glands. The more im-mediately exciting cause of pulmonary consumption is generallyan exposure to cold, which operates in the manner described un-der the section Catarrh. Consumption, however, maybe broughton by amenorrhoea, lues venerea, unseasonably repelled eruptiveaction on the surface, mental affections, &c.

SI. M,