1. To run through all the sounds of it in an agreeable air, fre-quently repeating the sounds most essential to it, and dwelling up-on these with a most remarkable emphasis; that is to say, that thechord containing the sensible notes, and that of the tonic, shouldfrequently be heard in it, but under different appearances, andobtained by different procedures, to prevent monotony. 2. Thatreposes or cadences should only be established upon these twochords: the 'greatest liberty, however, which ought to be takenwith the rule is, that a cadence or repose may be established onthe chord of the subdominant. 3. In short, that none of thesounds aftlie mode ought ever to be altered; for without quittingJt we cannot introduce a sharp or a flat which does not belong toit, nor abstract any one which in reality does belong to it. Butpassing from one mode to another, we must consult analogy, wemust consider the relations which a key bears to the other notesin the scries, and to the number of sounds common to both themodes, that from whence we pass, and that into which we enter.If we pass from a mode major, whether we consider the fifth from ithe key as having the most simple relation with it except that ofthe octave, or whether we consider it as the first sound which en-ters into the harmonics of the same key, we shall always find, thatthis fifth, which is the dominant of the mode, is the chord uponwhich we may establish the modulation most analogous to that ofthe principal key. This dominant, which constituted one of theharmonics of the first key, makes also one of its own peculiar key,of which it is the fundamental sound. There is then a connectionbetween these two chords. Besides, that same dominant carrying,as well as the tonic, a perfect chord major upon the principle ofresonance, these two chords are only different one from the otherby the dissonance, which passing from the key to the dominant isthe Oth superadded, and when reascending from the dominant tothe key is the 7lh. Now these two chords, thus distinguished bythe dissonance which is suitable to each, by the sounds which com-pose them when ranged in order, form precisely the octave, or thediatonic scale, which we callagammut, which determines the mode.This series of the key, altered only by a sharp, fortius the scalebelonging to the mode of the dominant; which shews how strik-ing the analogy is between these two tones, and gives the easiestopportunity of passing from one to another by means of one singlealteration alone. See Music.
MODULE, [modulus, Lat.] in architecture, acertain measure,or bigness, taken at pleasuie, for regulating the proportions ofcolumns, and the symmetry or disposition of the whole building.Architects generally choose the semidiameter of the bottom of thecolumn for their module, and this they subdivide into parts orbiinutes.
MODUS DECIMANDI,inlaw, is where money, land, or other'-’aluable consideration, has been given, time out of mind, to the'Minister or parson of any certain place in the room of tithes. Aclergyman may sue in a spiritual court for a modus decimandi;Jet it' the modus is denied there, or a custom is to he tried, thedial thereof belongs to the courts of common law. When landsare converted to other uses, as in the case of hay-ground turnedhito tillage, the modus may he discharged, and the tithes paidagain in kind.
MOEIIRINGIA, Mountain Chickweed; in botany, a ge-nus of the digynia order, and octandria class of plants; natural°.rder, Carvophylleai. Calyx four-leaved; petals four, short,“tidivided; ‘fruit a suhglobose capsule, with one cell, in which;, re contained numerous roundish seeds. There is hut one species.
MOEN, or MONA, an island of Denmark , m the Baltic,n earth e S.E. end of Zealand ; containing one town named Stoege,and several villages.
MOENIUS, Caius, a celebrated Roman consul, who con-quered the ancient Latins, B. C. 338. Jle was the first whohung up the prows, See. of the galleys he had taken at the navalfill gagement of Acfrnrn, upon the place where the tribunes ha-r;ln gued t he people; from whence it was called the rostra.
MCER1S, a celebrated artificial lake of Egypt , said to haveMeen 220 miles in circumference, intended as a reservoir for theWaters of the Nile during its extraordinary overflowings. There''ere two pyramids in it, one-half of which lay under water, llero-fl ®l. lib. ii. c. 12.
rope, extending from the confluence of the Samis and the Danube to the shores of the Euxine . It was divided into Upper and LowerMcesia.
1. Mcesia, Lower, was on (lie borders of the Euxine , andcomprehended that tract of country which received-the name offoetus from its vicinity to the sea.
2. Mcesia, UpPEU,’lay beyond the other in the inland country.
MOEEAT, a town of Scotland , near the Annan, famous for its
sulphureous well, which has been in just estimation for near IliOyears as a remedy in all cutaneous and scropluilous complaints ;■and for its chalybeate spring, discovered about 65 years ago. It lies21 miles N.N.E. of Dumfries, and 50 S.W. of Edinburgh .
Mofjfat-Waters, are those sulphureous springs which issuefrom a rock, in the vicinity of the above town. The smell of this-water corresponds with.that of Harrogate ; its taste is saline andsulphureous, divested of all bitterness.—It is chiefly employed incutaneous and scropluilous cases; hut has been found very bene-ficial, when applied externally, to irritable and ill-conditioned ul-cers. The Mortal-waters have lately been of considerable serviceto persons afflicted with calculous and biliary complaints; in casesof indigestion ; and for invigorating the alimentary canal, wheregeneral weakness and inactivity prevail. The dose varies accord-ing to the constitution of the patient; but, as this water may liesafely drunk at almost every season, it ought to he taken liberally,in such quantities, and at such intervals, as the person affected canconveniently hear. From one to three bottles should be takenevery morning ; a quantity which produces scarcely any other sen-sible effects, excepting an increased flow of urine.
MOGODORE, or MOGADORE, a town of Morocco . Lon.
9. 55. W. Lat. 31. 38. N.
MOGULS, a celebrated nation of Asia , whose conquests for-merly were the most rapiti and extensive of any people recordedin history. The Moguls deduce their origin from Japhet, or, asthey call him, Japbis, the son of Noah.. His son Turk, they say,was the first king, or khan, of those nations now known by theseparate names of Turks, Tartars, and Moguls; and the Tartars ,especially, assert that their proper designation is Turks. To thisprince is attributed many of those inventions, which barbarousnations commonly ascribe to their first sovereigns.
MOI1ACS, a town of Hungary, on the Danube , 36 miles NAV.of Bacs, and 56 W. of Zegedin.
MOHAIR, [mnhere, moire , Fr.] in commerce, the hair of akind of goat frequent about Angria in Turkey ; the inhabitants ofwhich city are all employed in the manufacture of camblets madeof this hair. Some gave the name mohair to the camblets orstutfs made of this hair.
MOHAMMED, the impostor, was horn in the reign of Anuslv-invan the Just, emperor of rersia, A. D. 571. He came into theworld under some disadvantages. His father Abdallah was ayounger son of Ahdaimotalleb; and dying very young, left hiswidow and infant-son in very mean circumstances, his whole sub-stance consisting hut of five camels and one Ethiopian female slave.,Ahdaimotalleb was therefore obliged to] take care of ids grand-child, which he not only did during his lite, hut at his death en-joined his eldest son Abu Taleb, who'was full brother to Abdallah,to provide for him afterwards. 1 his lie very affectionately did,and instructed him in the business of a merc hant, for which pur-pose lie took him to- Syria when he was only 13. lie atlerwardsrecommended him to Khadijah, a rich widow, for her fac tor; inwhose service lie behaved so well, that she married and raised himto an equality with the richest in Mecca . Alter this advantageousmatch lie formed the scheme of establishing a new religion, or, ashe expressed it, of replanting the only true and ancient one pro-fessed by Adam, Noah, Abraham , Moses, Jesus, and all the pio-pliets; by destroying tlie gross idolatry into which the generalityof his countrymen had fallen, and weeding outthe corruptions andsuperstitions which the latter Jews and Christians had, as he pre-tended, introduced into their religion; and reducing if to its originalpurity, which consisted chiefly in the worship of one God . Butbefore he made any attempt abroad, lie resolved to begin withthe conversion of his own household. Ha\ ing therefore retiredwith his family, as lie had done several times before, to a cave in.mount Hara, he there opened the secret of his mission to his wife ;and acquainted her, that the angel Gabriel had appeared to him,and told him that lie was appointed the apostle of God : lie also
•f- repeated.