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to God ’s truth and religionwhich the earl of Buchan has pub-lished in the Appendix to his Account of Napier’s writings.This letter is dated June 2, 1590, about which time it appears theauthor had set himself to explore his logarithmic canon. Thiseminent person was twice married. By his first wife, who was adaughter of Sir James Stirling of Keir, he had one son, who suc-ceeded to the estate. By bis second wife, a daughter of SirJames Chissolm of Cromlix, he had a numerous issue.

Napier’s Bods, or Bones, an instrument invented by baronNapier, whereby the multiplication and division of large numbersis much facilitated.

Napier’s Rods, Construction of. Suppose the commontable of multiplication to be made upon a plate of metal, ivory, orpasteboard, and then conceive the several columns (standing down-wards from the dibits on the head) to be cut asunder; these arecalled Napier’s rods for multiplication. But then there must be agood number of each ; for as many limes as any figure is in themultiplicand, so many rods of that species (i. e. with that figure jon the top of it") must we have ; though six rods of each species jwill be sufficient for any example in common affairs: there must |be also as many rods of cyphers. The figures on every rod are |written in an order different from that in the table. Thus the little \square space or division in which the several products of every co- jluinii are written, is divided into two parts by a line across from the jupper angle on the right to the lower on the left; and if the pro-duct is a digit, it is set in the lower division ; if it lias two places,the first is set in the lower, and the second in the upper, division ;but tile spaces on the top are not divided ; also there is a rod ofdigits, not divided, which is called the index-rod, and of this weneed but one single rod. See the figure of all the dilferent rods,and the index, separate from one another, on Flute CXVII1.fig. S.

Napier’s Rods, Method of Using. 1. Multiplication. —First lay down the index-rod ; then on the right of it set a rod,whose top is the figure, in the highest place of the multiplicand:next to this again set the rod, whose top is the next figure of themultiplicand ; and so on in order to the first figure. Then is yourmultiplicand tabulated for all the nine digits ; for in the same line ofsquares standing against every figure of the index-rod, you have theproduct of that figure ; and therefore you have no more to do butto transfer the products and sum them. But in taking out theseproducts from the rods, the order in which the figures stand bbligesyou to a very easy and small addition ; thus, begin to take out thefigure of the lower part, or unit’s place, of the square of the firstrod on the right; add the figure in the upper part of this rod tothat in the lower part of the next, and so on ; which may be doneas fast as you can look on them. To make this practice as clearas possible, take the following example : To multiply 4768 by 385.Having set the rods together for the number 4708 {ibid. No. 2.)•against 5 in the index, I find this number, by adding according to

the rule. 23840

Against 8, this number. 38144

Against 3, this number.14304

Total product.18336SO

To make the use of the rods more regular and easy, they are keptin a flat square box, whose breadth is that of ten rods, and thelength that of one rod, as thick as to hold six (or as many as youplease), the capacity of the box being divided into ten cells, forthe different species of rods. When the rods are put up in thebox (each species in its own cell, distinguished by the first figurecf the rod set before it on the face of the box near the top), asmuch of every rod stands without the box as shews the first figureof that rod : also upon one of the flat sides w ithout and near theedge, upon the left hand the index-rod is fixed ; and along thefoot there is a small ledge ; so that the rods, when applied, are laidupon this side, and supported by the ledge, which makes the prac-tice very easy ; but in case the multiplicand should have morethan nine places, that upper face of the box may be made broader.Home make the rods with four dilferent faces, and figures on eachfor different purposes.—2. Division. First tabulate your divisor;then you have it multiplied by all the digits, out of which you maychoose such convenient divisors as will be next less to the figures inUie dividend, and write tin: index answering in the quotient, and

so continually till the work is done. Thus 2179788, divided by6123, gives in the quotient 356. Having tabulated the divisor6123, yon see that 6123 cannot be had in 2179 ; therefore take fiveplaces, and on the rods find a number that is equal or next less to21797, which is 18369; that is, three limes the divisor: whereforeset 3 in the quotient, and subtract 18369 from the figures above, andthere will remain 3428 ; to which add 8, the next figure in the divi-dend, and seek again on the rods for it, or the next less, whichyou will find to be five times; therefore set 5 in the quotient, andsubtract 30615 from 34288, and there will remain 3673 ; to whichadd 8, the last figure in the dividend, and finding it to be just sixtimes Hie divisor, set 6 in the quotient.

6123)2179788(350

18369...

34288

30615

36738

36738

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NAPLES, a kingdom of Italy , comprehending the ancientcountries of Samnium, Campania, Apulia , and Magna Graicia. Itis bounded on all sides by the Mediterranean and Adriatic, ex-cept on the N.E, where it joins the ecclesiastical state. Its great-est length from S.E. to N.W. is about 280 English miles, and itsbreadth from N.E. to S.W. from 96 to 120. The climate of Na-ples is extremely hot, especially in July, August, and September.In w inter there is seldom any ice or snow, except on the moun-tains. On account of its fertility it is justly termed an earthly pa-radise ; for it abounds with all sorts of grain, the finest fruits andgarden-productions of every kind, with rice, flax, oil, and wine;in the greatest plenty and perfection. It affords also saffron*manna, alum, vitriol, sulphur, rock-crystal, marble, and severalsorts of minerals, together with fine wool and silk. The horsesare famous, and the ilocks and herds very numerous. Besidesthese products, of which a considerable part is exported, there aremanufactures of snuff, soap, and glass-ware. Waistcoats, caps*stockings, and gloves, are also made of the filaments of a shell-fish*which are warmer than those of wool, and of a beautiful glossygreen. In this kingdom likewise is found the Phrygian stone, otpetra fungifera, which, being laid in a damp shady place, will yieldmushrooms, sometimes of a very large size, especially if the ston ebe sprinkled with hot-water. This kingdom was divided intotwelve provinces by the emperor Frederic II . viz. Lavora, Prifi'cipato Citra and Ultra, Capitannta, Molise , Abrtizzo G’itra andUltra, Bari, Otranto, Basilicata , and Calabria Citra and Ultra. S° ethese articles in their order.

Naples , anciently culled Parthenope, afterwards Neapolis, th®capital of the above kingdom, lies in the province of Lavora*which is the richest and best inhabited of the whole kingdom, andcomprehends a part of the ancient Campania h elix. Naples stand’110 miles S. E. of Rome. Lon. 14. 20. E. Lat. 40. 5l). N.

NAPOLI Dl MALVAS1A, the capital of the island of M‘djvasia, is seated on a promontory, and has a good harbour at tl>®foot of a rock, which is joined to the continent by a long wood 01 'bridge. It was anciently called Epidaurus . It lies 40 mil 1 ' 5E.S.E. of Misitra, and 75 S. of Athens. Lon. 23. 22. E. E ;lt '36. 54. N.

Napoli di Romania, a sea-port of European Turkey , in thMorea, on a peninsula in the Gulf, 56 miles S. W. of Ath°" s 'Lon. 23. 4. E. Lat. 37. 39. N. f

Napoli, Gulf of, a bay of the Mediterranean, on the coast 0the two Napolis.

NARBART1I, or NARBETH, a town of South Wales, 0Pembrokeshire, 12 miles N. E. of Pembroke , and 229 W. byof London . Lon. 4. 46. W. Lat. 51. 50. N.

NARBO, in ancient geography, a town of the Volta 1 r l ect°Jsages, called also Nut bo Martius, from the Legio Marcia.called Nurbonne. ' j

N All BONNE, an ancient city of France , in the departmentAude , and the late province of Lower Languedoc, famous for *’nev. Lon. 3, 6. E. Lat 43. 11. N,

9 NARBOROFClV