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the uppermost mould is very fine and mellow, and fit to nourishall sorts of vegetables. There is also clay in different parts of thekingdom, of which the inhabitants make earthenware; but bricksarid tiles are not used. The face of the country is in many placesdeformed by large swamps and marshes, very dangerous to thetraveller. Near Leeofi'oe in the diocese of Christiansand , a woodencauseway is extended near a mile over a morass; and if a horseor any other animal should make a false step, he will sink at onceinto the abyss, never to rise again. In a cold country like Nor-way , roughened with rocks and mountains, interspersed with bogs,and covered with forests, we cannot expect to find agriculture inperfection. The plowed lands, in respect to mountains, woods,meadows, and wastes, do not exceed the proportion of one toeighty ; so that the whole country does not produce corn to main-tain above half the number of its inhabitants. The peasants arediscouraged from the practice of husbandry by the frequency ofaccidents peculiar to the climate, liven in "the fruitful provincesof Guldbrandsdale, Oesterdale, and Soloer, as well as in otherplaces, when the corn appears in the most nourishing condition,the whole hope of the harvest is sometimes destroyed in one nightby a sudden frost that nips the blade and extinguishes the vege-tation. In some unfavourable years, in which the sun seems tohave lost his genial power, the vegetables are stunted ; the treesbud and bloom, yet bear no fruit; and the grain, though it rises,produces nothing but empty ears and straw. This calamity,however, rarely occurs; and in general the cultivated parts ofNorway yield plentiful crops of excellent rye, barley, and oats.The most fruitful provinces are Nordland, Inderbarre, and Nu-medale, in the diocese ot Dronlheim ; Sognifiord and Vaas, inthat ot Bergen ; Jedderen, Ryeiylsk, Ifaabygdelag, and the lord-ship ut Nedene;, in the diocese of Christiansand ; Hedemark inthe diocese ot Aggerhuys; Iladekind, Toten, Romerige, 1'inge-rige, and Guldbrandsdale: these, besides producing grain enoughfor their own consumption, likewise supply their neighbours, andeven part oi Sweden . Pease are also cultivated, together withwheat, buck-wheat, hops, hemp, and flax, but not to any greatamount. 'I he meadows are well-stored with pasturage for sheepand cattle, and the fields are productive of those vegetables whichare common in other northern countries. Within these sixty yearsthe Norwegians have paid attention to the culture of gardens,winch formerly were so neglected, that the towns were suppliedwith pot-herbs and roots, from England and Holland. Buttheynowraise their own roots and vegetables, which thrive as well as in anyother country. The scurvy being a disease that prevails along thesea-coast, a variety of herbs grow spontaneously upon it, that areefficacious in the cure of that distemper; such as angelica, rose-wort, gentian, Cresses, trefoil, sorrel, scurvy-grass, and a plantcalled erich’s grass, that grows in great plenty on the islands ofNorthland; whence the people of the continent fetch away boat-loads of it, to be preserved as a succedaneum for cabbage. Thereare also a few noxious vegetables peculiar to Norway . In Guld-hrandsdale is a species of grass called selsnape; the root of whichis so poisonous, that any beast which eats of it dies immediately.Another vegetable pernicious to the cattle is the Gramen ossifra-gnm Norwegiense, which is said to mollify the bones of the cattlewhich feed upon it. Of the trees that grow wild, the principalare the fir and the pine. The first yield an annual revenue of1,000,000 of rix-dollars, if we include the advantages resultingIrom tlie saw-mills and the masts; one of which last has beenknown to sell for 200 rix-dollars. The red fir-tiee, which growson the mountains, is so rich in turpentine as to be almost incorrup-tible. The buds or pine-apples of this tree, boiled in stalebeer, make an excellent medicine for the scurvy; more pleasantto the taste, and as efficacious as tar-water. The pine-tree is moretall and beautiful than the fir, though inferior to it in strength andquality: Norway likewise produces some forests of oak, whicli isexcellent for ship-building. Elm-trees are numerous ; the bark ofwhich, being powdered, is boiled up with other food to fattennogs, and even mixed by the poor among their meals: also the ash,trom which the peasants distil a balsam used in certain disorders,and whicli is used both externally and internally. Hazels grow insuch abundance, that 100 tons of the nuts are annually exportedrom Bergen alone. The Norwegians carry a considerable tradewith foreign nations. The duty, on the produce of their owncountry exported, amounts annually to 100,000 rix-dollars. Thesecommodities are, copper wrought and unwrought; iron cast into

cannon, stoves, and pots, or forged into bars; lead, in small quan-tity ; masts, timber, deal-boards, planks, marble, mill-stones, her-rings, cod, ling, salmon, lobsters, flounders, cow-hides, goat-skins,-seal-skins, the furs of bears, wolves, foxes, beavers, ermines, mar-tens, &:c. down, feathers, butter, tallow, train-oil, tar, juniper andother sorts of berries, and nuts; salt, alum, grass, vitriol, and pot-asses. All other commodities and articles of luxury the Norwe-gians import from different nations. Many are employed in graz-ing and breeding cattle: but a much greater number is engaged inselling wood, floating timber, burning charcoal, and extractingtar from the roots of the trees which have been cut down; in thesilver, copper, and iron-mines; in the navigation and fishery. Aconsiderable number of people earn a comfortable livelihood byhunting, shooting, and bird-catching. Every individual is at liber-ty to pursue the game, especially in the mountains and commons :therefore every peasant is expert in the use of fire-arms ; and thereare excellent marksmen among the mountains, who make use ofthe bow to kill those animals, whose skins, being valuable, wouldbe damaged by the shot of fire-arms.

Norwich, the capitalof Norfolk , 43 miles N. of Ipswich, 109N. N. E. of London, and 160 E. N. E. of Oxford. Lon. 1. 20.E. Lat. 52. 40. N.

Norwich, a city of Connecticut, in New London county , 14miles N. of New London, and 251 N. E. of Philadelphia .

NORWICH, a town and township of Vermont, in Windsorcounty, on the \V. bank of the Connecticut , 100 miles N. N. \V.of Boston . Lon. 72. 22. W. Lat. 43. 40. N.

NOSE, in anatomy, the external organ of smelling, or that partwhich projects from the middle of the human face. See Ana-tom vr. 'The uses of the nose are, its giving us the sense ot singl-ing ; its serving in the great office of respiration, and in modellingthe voice; in receiving the abundant humours from the eyes, andin adding to the beauty of (he face. The nose was be the Augursparticularly attended to in their conjectures concerning futuregood or ill success. In Tart ary, the greatest beauties ae theewho have the smallest noses. If the nose of an infant he ob-l wedwith any gross matter, so as to impede respiration, or to preventhim from sucking or swallowing, it will be advisable, every nven-ingto anoint the part with a little sweet oil, or fresh butter. By thissimple application, the gross particles will in most in.-tames bo un-solved, and the faculty of breathing speedily restored. Should,,however, the obstructions continue after lire iepeated use oi tillsremedy, it will be necessary first to administer oi.e or two gentlelaxatives ; such as a tea-spoonful of castor-oil, or a grain of rhu-barb ; after which the nose is to be frequently bathed with a luieu-rag, dipped in a filtred solution of two or three grains of whitevitriol, in one ounce of marjoram-water.

Nosebleed. See Achillsea.

NOSOCOM1UM, [Gr. from viwo;, a disease, and xo,wku, to-cure,] an infirmary.

NOSOLOGY, [roo-o, and Xoyot,] a discourse or treatise of dis-eases; otherwise called Pathology. The importance of a compre-hensive and accurate nosology has been long anil generally all •vi-ed. Baglivi, Boerhaave, Govter, Gaubus, and Sydenham, liay *expressed their desire of a work of this kind, the great object ofwhich is to fix pathognomonics to every disease; or in which alldiseases are disposed into certain classes, orders, and genera,founded on distinctions taken from the symptoms only, withoutregard to remote or proximate causes.

NOSS, one of the most fertile of the Shetland Islands , S. E. ofBressay.

Noss Head, a cape on the E. coast of the above island.

NOSTOCH, in natural history, Shot Stars. See Tre-mella.

NOSTRADAMUS, Michael, a French asfrolo ger and phy-sician, was born at St. Remi, in Provence , in 1503. He rtudiedphysic at Montpellier , where he took his doctor’s degree. Having/rendered some eminent service to the inhabitants of Aix when thecity was visited by a contagion,, lie received a yearly pensionmany years. In 1555 he published his prophecies, whicli, though,very obscure and absurd, gained the author a considerable reputa-tion, owing to the monstrous Ignorance and superstition of thetimes. These were followed by .several others: the whole makingone volume folio, in barbarous verse. Nostradamus was honouredwith marks of distinction by persons of the highest rank, particu-larly Charles IX . king of Trance, He died in 1563.

NOSTRILSy