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the holy communion. A bishop, on the ordination of clergymen, yis to examine them in the presence of the ministers, who, in the lordination of priests, but not of deacons, assist him at the imposi-tion of hands ; but this is only done as a mark of assent, not be-cause it is thought necessary. In case any crime, as drunkenness,perjury, forgery, &<:. be alleged against any one that is to be or-dained, either priest or deacon, the bishop ought to desist from or-daining him. The person to be oidained is to bring a testimonialof his life and doctrine to th* bishop, and to give account of hisfaith in Lathi ; and both priests and deacons are obliged to sub-scribe the 39 articles. The ordination of bishops is more pro-perly and more commonly called consecration. In the ancientdiscipline there was no such tiling as a vague and absolute ordina-tion ; but every one was to have a church, whereof he was to beordained clerk or priest. In the 12lh century they grew moreremiss, and ordained without any title or benelice. The councilof Trent restored the ancient discipline, and appointed that noneshould lie ordained but those who were provided of a benelicesufficient to subsist them : which practice still obtains in Enehuid.The council of Rome, in 744, orders, that no ordinations shall he■ held except on the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th months. In England,by can. 31, ordination days are the tour Sundays immediately fol-lowing the Ember weeks; being the 2d Sunday in Lent, TrinitySunday , ami the Sundays following the first Wednesday afterSept. I4lh, and Dee. 13th. These are the stated times; but or-dinations may lake place at any other lime, according to the dis-cretion of the bishop or circumstances of the case. Pope Alexan-der II . condemns ordination per saltiuu, as they call it ; i. e. theleaping to a superior order w ithout passing through the inferior.Ordination is one of the sacraments of the church of Rome. Inthe establishment of Scotland , where there are no bishops, thepower of ordination is lodged in the presbytery, and by the inde-pendents in the sutlYage of the people. See Episcopacy , Inde-pendents, and Presbyterians .

ORDNANCE, a general name for all sorts of great guns usedin war. See Cannon , Carabine, Carronade, Gun, Howit-zer.-Mortar, and Projectiles.

Ordnance, Boring of. Formerly ordnance were cast hol-low, and the cavity enlarged and made smooth by means of steel-cutters. But many inconveniences are found to arise from the cast-ing of them hollow, so that they are now bored out of the solid, hvthe following method ; the piece A, (Plate CXXX11I. fig. 2,) i-placed'upon two standards BB, by means of two journeys, turnedround by a water-wheel ; the breech D being introduced into tin-central line of the wheel, with the muzzle towards the sliding car-riage E, which is pressed forwards by a ratcli F and weights.Upon tiiis sliding carriage is fixed, truly horizontal and central tothe gun, the drill-bar G, to the end of which is fixed a carp’stongue drill or cutter II ; which, being pressed forward upon thepiece whilst it is turning round, perforates the bore, which is afterwards finished with bars and cutters. The machinery for the hol ingof ordnance is sometimes put in motion by a steam-engine: andin this way, from IS to 24 great guns have been boring at thesame time ; the borer in each piece being brought up to its proper place in the gun, by a lever and weights. In this method ofbringing up the borer the pressure may always be made equable,and "the"motion of the borer regular; but the disadvantage is, thatwithout due attention the borer may work up too far towards thebreech, and the piece be spoiled, in the royal arsenal at Wool-wich, only one piece is bored at a time in the same mill : the gunto be bored lies with its axis parallel to the horizon, and in thatposition is turned round its axis by means of wheel-work, ni-vedby one or more horses. The borei; is laid, as above described, inihe direction of the axis of the gun, and is incapable of motion inanv direction except that of its length; and in this direction it isconstantly moved by means of a small rack-wheel, kept in propermotion by two men, who thus made the point of the borer so tohear against the part of the gun that is boring, as to pierce andcut it. The outside of the gun is smoothed at the same time hvmen with instruments fit for the purpose, whilst it turns round, sothat the bore may be exactly in the centre of the metal.

Ordnance, Office of, an office kept within the Tower ofLoudon, which superintends and disposes of all the arms, instru-ments, and utensils of war, both by sea and land, in all the maga-zines, garrisons, and forts, in Great Britain .

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Ordnance Bills, or Ordnance Debentures, are billsissued by the board of ordnance on the treasurer of that office, forthe payment of stoies, &c. 'These are not payable at any certaintime, and do not bear any interest, so that the discount upon themis olten very high ; but they are seldom much above two years inarrear.

Ordnance, Office, or Board of, an office kept withinthe 'l ower of London , which superintends and disposes of all thearms, instruments, and utensils of war, both by sea -and land, in allthe magazines, garrisons, and forts, in Great Britain .

Ordnance, Ci.erk of tee, an officer whose function is torecord all orders and instructions given for the government of theoffice ; all patents and grants ; the names of all officers, clerks,artificers, gunners, labouiers, See. who enjoy those grants, or anyother fee for the same ; to draw all estimates for provisions andsupplies to lie made, and all letters, instructions, commissions, de-putations, and contracts, for his majesty’s service ; to make all billsof imprest and debentures, for the payment and satisfaction of workdone and provisions received in the said office; and all quarterbooks for the salaries and allowances of all officers, clerks, Sec.belonging to the office ; and to keep journals and legers of thereceipts and returns of his majesty’s stores, to serve as a check be-tween the two accountants of the office, the one for money, andthe other for stores.

Ordnance, Master-General of the, is deemed the prin-cipal officer in the civil branch of the ordnance ; yet he is alwayschosen from amongst the first generals in his majesty’s service.His trust is very great, as in him is vested the sole power of stor-ing all the military magazines in the king’s dominions with propermunitions of war, and likewise to supply the royal navy with whatthey may need in his department, the parliament granting moiicyin the most liberal manner lor this purpose, lie is colonei in chiefof the royal legiinent of artillery, and he is invested with a pecu-liar jurisdiction over all his majesty’s engineers employed in theseveial fortifications in his majesty’s dominions; to him thev arcall accountable tor their proceedings, and from him thev receivetheir particular orders and instructions, according to the directionsand commands given by his majesty in Council.

ORDONMANCE,’ in architecture, is the composition of abuilding, and the disposition of its parts, both with regard to thewhole and to one another; or, as Mr. Evelyn expresses it, de-termining the measure of what is assigned in the several apart-ments. See Architecture.

ORDOV1CES, ancient Britons, who lived in North Wales.They were called by 'Tacitus Ordeuiecs, and are supposed to havebeen originally of the same tribe or nation with the liuicii of War-wickshire , who were under some kind of subjection to the Cor-navii

ORDUNA, or ORDUNNA, a sea-port-town of Spain , in theprovince of Biscay, 20 miles S. W. of Bilboa , and 50 N. E. of Bur-gos. Lon. 3. 26. W. Lat. 43. 11. N.

ORE, in natural history, the compound mineral, glebe, earth,stone, or other substance, which is sufficiently rich in metallic par-ticles to be worth purification, and separation of the metal from it,whether gold, silver, copper, Sec. See Metallurgy, Mine-ralogy , and the variuus metals, in their order.

OR FADES, in ancient mythology, nymphs of the mountains,daughters of Jupiter, or as others say, Phoroneus and Hecate .

OREBRO, or OEREBRO, a town of Sweden , capital ofNericia, 93 miles S. W. of Stockholm . Lon. 13. 12 . E. Lat. 59.12. N.

OREBY POINT, a cape on the N. coast of the isle of Lewis.Lon. 2. 31. W. of Kdin. Lat. 5R. 33. N.

OREGRUND, a sea-port of Sweden , in Upland, on the gulphof Bothnia, 60 miles N. of Stockholm . Lon. 18. fj. E. Lat. 60.20. N.

ORE!., a province or government of Russia , in Rielgorod.Orel, the capital of the above province, seated on the Oka,207 miles S. W. by S. of Moscow. Lon. 35. 20. FI. Lat. 52.56. N.

ORELLANA, Francis, the first European , as is commonlythought, who discovered the river of the Amazons. In 1539, heembarked near Quito , upon the river Coca, which farther downtakes the name of Napo. From this he fell into another largerriver; and leaving himself entirely to the direction of the current,

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