____ PA INTING. __ 205

and accurate hand. Lastly, nature must be the foundation that || rarely met with, but even yet higher, from a judicious and beanti" 1must be seen at the bottom; but nature must be raised and im-r tul idea in the painter’s mind, so that grace and greatness mayproved, not only from what is commonly seen, to what is but shine throughout, more or less according to the subject.

PAIR, [par, Lat.] denotes two equal and similar things joinedtogether, either collectively, as a pair of gloves, or two similar partsthat compose the whole, or a set of things joined to make anothercomplete, &c. ■* /

Pair, in anatomy, an assemblage, or conjugation of two liorveswhich have their origin together in the brain, or spinal marrow,and thence distributed into the several parts of the body, the oneon one side, and the other on the other.

PAIS11AW, a title' of honour, and command, in the E.Indies; somewhat similar to that of Pacha or Bashaw in Turkey .

PAISHAWUR, a city of Asia , in Cabul, on the Kameh;125 miles S. E. of Cabuh and 170 N. of Moultan. Lon. 70.36.E. Lat. 33. 18. N.

PAISLEY, a town of Scotland in Renfrewshire, about milesW. of Glasgow, and 22 miles N. of Ayr . Lon. 4. 20. W. Lat.55. 52. N.

PAITA, a sea-port of Peru, in the audience of Quito . Lon.81. 19. W. Lat. 6. 12. S.

PA1X, a town of Hispaniola , on the N. coast. Lon. 72. 55.\V. Lat. 19. 58. N.

PAKIR, or PACHER, a sea-port-town of Arabia, in Omen,25 miles L. of Dosar, and 132 S. W. of flassek.

PALA, a weight used in the Last, Indies, containing four car--shas. Each carsha is 80 racticas, or seeds of the Gunga Creeper,which are 14 grains each.

PALACE , [palutium, Lat.] is a name generally given to thedwelling-houses of kings, princes, and other great personages ; andtaking different epithets, according to the qualifications of the in-habitants, as imperial, royal, pontifical, cardinal, ducal, episcopal,&c. Among the works of the ancient Egyptians, we have an ac-count in the Universal History, of a most magnificent palace inUpper Egypt, near Aswan, the ancient Syene ; the ruins whereofare as large as a little city.

PALACIUM, in ancient geography; 1. A town of the Thra-cian Chersonesus. 2. A village of Italy on Mount Palatine, whereRome was afterwards built.

PALAU, an ancient town of Corsica, now called St. Boni-facio. .

PALiEMON, Q. Rhemmtus, a famous grammarian of Rome ,•in the reign of Tiberius . He was born of a slave at Vienna, andwas first bred up a weaver: but attending his master’s son toschool, he acquired so much learning, that be obtained his free-dom and became a teacher at Rome . He had an excellent me-mory, a ready elocution, and could make verses extempore. Buthis arrogance and his debaucheries were so great, that his large in-come was not sufficient to support them. We have only somefragments of his works.

PALA'.PAPHOS, a town of Cyprus , where stood a temple ofVenus; and an adjoining town called Nea Paphos; where St. Paul struck Elymas blind, and converted the proconsul Sergius Paulus.^St, Luke, Strabo, Virgil, Pliny .)

PAL.EPIIATUS, an ancient Greek philosopher, who flourish-ed between the times of Aristotle and Augustus , but whose preciseage is uncertain. He wrote five books De Insredibilibus, of■which the first only is extant. In it he attempts to explain thefables of mythology by historical facts. The best edition is thatof J. Fred. Fischer; 8vo. Leips. 1773.

PALjLPOI.IS, an ancient town of Italy, in Campania , builtby a Grecian colony, on the spot vvluire Naples was afterwards■erected.

PALA'.STE, a town of Epirus , near Oricus, where Casar firstlanded with his fleet. Lucan v. 400.

PAIJKSTRA, in Grecian antiquity, a public building wherethe youth exercised themselves in wrestling, running, playing atquoits, &c. Some suppose the palaestra to have been only a partof the gymnasium.-

von iv.— no. 169.

| PALrESTRlCE, in the ancient Gymnasium, comprised all| exercises under the denomination palaestra:; as wrestling, boxing,

, pancratia, hoplomachia, running, leaping, throwing the di cus,i the exercise of the javelin, and that of the hoop, denominated bythe Greeks which consisted in rolling an iron-hoop five or

six feet in diameter, beset with iron-rings, the noise of winch ap-prising the people to give way, afforded them also an amusement.Both strength and skill were requisite in directing this hoop, whichwas driven with an iron-rod. To these must also be added theexercises belonging to the medicinal gymnastics; as, 1. Walking.2. Vociferation, or shouting. 3. Holding one’s breath. Hoff-man enumerates no fewer than 55 sorts of exercises that were prac-tised iq the gymnasia.

PALESTROPHYLAX, and the director of

the palaestra, and the exercises performed there.

PAL/ETYRUS, the ancient city of Tyre, on the continent.See Tyre.

PALAIS, a town of France , the capital of Belle-isle, in the de-partment of Morbihan , Lon. 3. 2. W. Lat. 47. 18. N.

Palais, St. a town and district of France , in the departmentof the Lower Pyrenees, 15 miles S. E. of Bayonne . Lon. 1. 4.W. Lat. 43.21.'N.

J’ALAM BANG, or PALAMBOANG, a town of the EastIndies, in the island of Java, capital of a kingdom. Lon. 11 5.10.E. Lat. 7. 10. S.

PALAMCOTTA, or TINEVELLY, a town of Hindostan,in the Carnatic, and province of Tineveily, 74 miles S. S. W. ofMadura, and 401 S. W. by S. of Madras. Lon. 77. 54. E. Lat.8.43. N.

PALA MEDEA, in ornithology, a genus of birds of the ordergrallne. Bill conic, upper mandible hooked ; nostrils oval ; toesdivided nearly to their origin with a small membrane between thebottoms of each. There are two species.

P. Cornuta, the Horned Screamer, is about as large as acommon turkey, and has on the crown of its head a slight horn,rising perpendicularly about three inches in length. It feeds onherbs and seeds, and, some add, on reptiles. It is a native ofGuiana, and other neighbouring territories of South America .These birds always go in pairs, and are very remarkable for theirfaithful, tender, and constant attachment to each other. They areeaten by the natives while young. See Plate CXX.

P. Cristata, the Crested Screamer, is about the size of aheron : the bill is short, bent like that of a bird of prey, and of ayellowish brown: the irides are gold-coloured: on die forehead,just above the bill, is a tuft of black feathers, variegated with ash-colour: the head, neck, and body, are grey, mixed with rufousand brown. 'Phis species inhabits Brasil , and is sometimes kepttame.

PA LAMF.DES, a Greek chief, son of Nauplius king of Eubcea,by Clymene. He was sent by the Grecian princes who weregoing "to the Trojan war to bring Ulysses to the camp, and pre-vailed ; but at the expence of the inveterate hatred of the latter,who was mean enough to forge a letter, which had the effect tomake him be considered guilty of treachery ; and he was accord-ingly stoned to death. Homer is silent about the fate of Pala-, med'es; and Pausanias mentions, that it had been reported bysome that Ulysses and Diomeijes had drowned him in the sea ashe was fishing on the coast. Philostratus adds, that Achilles andAjax buried his body with great pomp on the sea-shore, and thatthey raised upon it a small chapel, where sacrifices were regularlyoffered by the inhabitants of 'Proas, Palamedes was a man oflearning as well as a soldier ; and according to some lie completedthe alphabet of Cadmus by the addition of four letters 0,dining the Trojan war. To him also is attributed the inventionof dice and backgammon ; and it is.said that lie was the first whoregularly ranged an army ill a line of battle, and who placed sen-3 G tincls