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Quadrature, in geometry, denotes the reducing a figure to asquare. Thus, the finding of a square which shall contain just ,.smuch surface or area as a circle, an ellipsis, a triangle, &c. h thequadrature of a circle, ellipsis, &c. '1 he quadrature, especially
among the ancient mathematicians, was a great postulatum. SeeGeometry , and Fluxions.
QUADRATUS, in anatomy, a name given to several muscles6n account of their square figure. See Anatomy.
.Quadrates, a surname of Mercury, because some of his sta-tues were square.
QUADREL, in building, a kind of artificial stone, so calledfrom its being perfectly square. The quadrels are made of achalky earth, &c. and dried in the shade for two years.
QUADRIFRONS and QUADRICEPS, surnames of Janus,because he was represented with four heads and four faces.
QUADRIGA, [Lat ] in antiquity, a car or chariot drawn byfour hoises.
QUADRILATERAT., in geometry, an epithet applied to afigure whose perimeter consists of four angles ; whence it is alsocalled a quadrangular figure.
QUADRILLE , a little troop or company of cavaliers, pomp-ously dressed, and mounted for the performance of carousals,justs, tournaments, .runnings at the ring, and other gallant diver-tisements.
Quadrille , a game played by four persons, with forty cards;which are the remains of a pack, after the four tens, nines, andeights, are discarded.
QUADROL, a fertile island, in the East Indian Ocean ; ninefniles W. of Cambodia , It is nine miles long, and three broad ;and abounds with water, and has several fine bays.
QUADRUPEDS, in zoology, those animals which have fourlimbs or legs proceeding from the trunk of their body. SeeZoology .
QUADRUPLAT.ORES, among the Romans, were informers,who had the fourth part of the confiscated goods for their pains.
QUADRUPLE, a sum or number multiplied by four, or takenfour times. This word is particularly used for a gold-coin worthfour times as much as that whereof it is the quadruple.
QUJE EST EADEM, in law', words used in pleadings, to sup-ply the want of traverse ; as where a defendant justifies a trespassor an assault at another dav or place than is specified in the plain-tiff’s declaration, he ought to say, qua? est eadem transgressio, &c.
Quze Plura, in law, was formerly a writ that lay where an in-quisition had been taken by an escheator, of such lands, &e.whereof a person died seised* and it was supposed that all the landswere rot found by the inquisition.
Quje Sekvitia, a writ relating to services, &e.
QUJERE, [Lat.] in law, is w here any point is doubted of.
QU.FSTORIUM, in the ancient Roman camps, the quaestor’sapartment, near which was the Forum or suttling house, hencecalled Quaestorium Forum.
QUAiSTUS, in law, signifies whatever a person has by pur-chase ; as hereditas denotes that which one has by descent, or he-reditary right.
QUAIGH, or QUAFF, a kind of drinking vessel peculiar toScotland , made of different pieces of wood, of various colours,joined together bv small hoops.
QUAKING GRASS. See Briza.
QUA LEA, in botany, a genus of the monandria nionogyniaclass and order. Calyx four-parted ; corolla two-petaled ; berry.There are two species, viz. Q. rosea, and Q. ctrrulea. These areboth tall trees, growing naturally in the forests of Guiana.
QUALITY, is defined by Mr. Locke, to be the power in asubject of producing any idea in the mind: thus a snow-ball hav-ing the power to produce in us the ideas of white, cold, and round,these powers, ns they are in the snow ball, he calls qualities ; andns they are sensations, or perceptions, in our understandings, hecalls ideas. It has been demonstrated that every quality that ispropagated from a centre, such as light, heat, cold, odour, Ac.has its intensity either increased or decreased, in the duplicate ratioot the distances from the centre inver>ely. So at double the dis-tance from the earth's centre ; or from a luminous, or a hot body,the weight, or light, or heat, is but a fourth part, and at threetimes the distance, it is but a ninth, &c. The great Sir Isaac
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Newton has laid it down as one of the rules of philosophizing, thatthose qualities which are incapable of being increased or diminish-ed, and which ore found to obtain in all bodies upon which expe-riments could be tried, are to be esteemed universal qualities of allbodies.
QUAMDIU, Se Rene Gesserit, as long as be shall behavehimself well in his office, is a clause frequently, inserted in letterspatent of oificcs, and is inserted in the patent by which the judgesare appointed.
QUANAMORA, a town of Africa , in Upper Guinea. Lone10. 15. W. I Ait. 7. 45. N.
QUANG-HNG, a city of China , of the first rank, in the N.pint of the province of Re-tcheli, 21‘2 miles S. S. W. of Rekin.
Quang-si, a province of China , bounded on the N. by Koe-Tcheutt and Ilu-Quang; E. by Yun-nan and Quangtong ; S. bytin: same and Tonquin ; and W. by Yun-nan . It produces greatplenty of rice, being watered by several large rivers.
Quang-tong, a province of China , bounded on the E. byKiang-si and Fokien ; S. by the ocean ; and W. by Tonquin. Itis diversified by valleys and mountains; and yields two crops ofcorn in a year. It abounds in gold, jewels, silk, pearls, tin,quicksilver, sugar, brass, iron, steel, saltpetre, ebony, and severalsorts of odoriferous wood; also a tree called iron-wood, whosewood is uncommonly hard and heavy ; besides fruits of all sortsproper to the climate.
Quang-tong, Koanton, or Quang-tchf.ou, the capital ofthe above province, called by Europeans Canton, is a large, po-pulous, and wealthy city, 1020 miles S. of Rekin. Lon. 1 13. 20.E. Eat. 23. 10. N.
QUANTITY, in philosophical investigations, like quality,hardly admits of a precise definition. Dr. Reid, the celebratedauthor of the Inquiry into the Human Mind , justly observes, thatas nothing ha* proportion, which has not either extension, duration,or number, the characters^ of mathematical quantity may be re-stricted to these three. These he calls proper quantities and allothers improper.
Quantity, in grammar, an affection of a syllable, whereby itsmeasure, or the time wherein it is pronounced, is ascertained ; orthat which determines the syllable to be long or short.
Quantity is also the object of prosody, and distinguishes versefrom prose; and the ceconomy and arrangement of quantities, thatis, the distribution of long and short syllables, makes what we callthe number. The quantities are distinguished, by the characters (',)short, as per; and (",) long, as ros. There is also a common, vari-able, or dubious, quantity; that is, syllables that are onetime takenfor short ones, and at another time for long ones ; as the first syl-lable in Atlas, patres, &e.
QUANTUM MERUIT, in law, is an action upon the case,founded on the necessity of paying a person, for doing any thingas much as he deserves,
QUARANTA1N, QUARANTINE, [quaruntain, Fr.] Thespace of forty days, being the time which a ship, suspected of in-fection, is obliged to forbear intercourse or commerce.
Quarantine may be ordered by the king, with advice of theprivy-council, at such timts, and under such regulations, as bejudges proper. Ships ordered on quarantine must repair to theplace appointed, and must continue there during the time pre-scribed (generally six weeks) ; and must have no intercourse withthe shore, except for necessary provisions, which are conveyedwith every possible precaution. When the time is expired, andthe goods opened and exposed to the air as directed, it there he noappearance of infection they are admitted to port. See Plague.
QUARE IMPEDIT, in law, a writ which lies for him that haspurchased a manor, with the advowson thereto belonging, againsthim that disturbs him in the right of bis advowson, by presenting aclerk when the church is void.
QUARRIES, a name commonly given to a most extraordinarycavern, extending under a great part of the city of Paris . 'I bisvast excavation was formed by digging materials for the cityabove it.
QUARRY , a place underground, out of which are got marble,freestone, slate, lime-stone, or other matters proper for building.See Strata.
Quarry, or Quarrel, among glaziers, a pane of glass cut in adiamond-form Quarries are of two kinds, square and long; each
of