QUE
Q U T
Self to land, &c. says, that the same estate which another had, henow has from him.
Que est Meme, inlaw, is a term used in actions of trespass,&c. for a direct and positive justification of the very act complain-ed of by the plaintiff.
QUfcl-CHUN, a town of China of (he third rank, in the pro-vince of Quang-si; 1 102 miles S. S. 'V- of Pekin .
QUELLING, a city of China , the capital of the province ofQuail a-si.
QUENTIN, St, a town of France , in the department of Aisnc;31 miles S. of Chun bray, and 83 N. by E. of Paris .
QUERCI, a late province of France , bounded on the N, bythe late Liniosin : E. by Roucrgue and Auvergne ; S. by UpperLanguedoc, and W. by Argenois and Perigord . It was dividedinto Upper and Lower Querci ; and is fertile in corn, vines,and fruits. It now forms the department of Lot. Caliors is thecapital.
QUERCITRON, ill dyeing, the internal bark of the quereusnigra: it yields its colour, which is yellow, by infusion to water,and by the common mordants gives a permanent dye.
QUERCUS, the Oak-Tree ; a genus of the polyandria order,and moncecia class of plants ; natural order, Amentaceae. Male,calyx commonly tive cleft ; corolla none ; stamina five to ten : fe-male, calyx one-leaved, quite entire, rugged ; corolla none ; stylestwo to live; seed one, ovate. There are twenty-six species andmany varieties.
Q". Rohur, the Common Encj.tsh Oak, grows from about6.) or 70 to 1.00feet high, with a prodigious large trunk, and mon-strous spreading head ; oblong leaves, broadest towards the top,the edges acutely sinuated, having the angles obtuse. There is avariety, having the leaves (indy striped with white. This speciesgrows in great abundance all over England, in woods, forests, andhedge-rows; is naturally of an amazing large growth ; there beingaccounts of some, above 100 feel high, with wonderful large trunksami.spreading heads. ]t is supposed to continue its growth manycenturies. The trunk of an oak, belonging to Lord Rowis, andgrowing in Brumfield wood, near Ludlow, in Shropshire,measured ,in 1764, sixty-eight feet in girth, and twenty-three feet in length;containing in the whole 1455 feet of timber, round measure, ortwenty-nine loads and five feet, each load consisting of fifty feet.And Dr. Darwin mentions the Swilcar oak, a very large treegrowing in Needwood forest, which measures thirteen yards incircumference at its base, eleven yards round, at the height offour feet from the earth, and which is believed to be six hundredyears old. The oak is one of the most valuable and majestictrees: its leaves are eaten by horses, cows, goats, and sheep;—deer and swine fatten oil the’ acorns. Its bark, when stripped .off,is usefully employed for tanning leather, and afterwards for hot-beds and fuel. It should not, however, exceed the age of fortyor fifty years, as after that time it becomes corky, and does notanswer the purpose of the tanner. Oak-timber is well adapted toalmost every purpose of rural and domestic (economy, particularlyfor staves, laths, and spokes of wheels. Being hard, tough, tole-rably flexible, and not very liable to splinter, it is generally pre-ferred to all other timber for building ships of war; especially ifthe tree he suffered to stand for three or four years after it hasbeen barked : because it thus becomes perfectly dry, and the in-spissated sap renders it much stronger than the heart of any otheroak-tree, which has not been stripped ; so that the timber acquiresgreater strength, weight, hardness, and durability. As this tree isof such eminent utility in naval architecture, and cannot be bentwithout great difficulty, Mr. Randall, of Maidstone, in Kent , pro-posed, in 1795, to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts,&c. a method of training oaks to compass-shapes, for the purposeof ship-building. Ilis plan consists in reversing the practiceusually followed, in order to obtain straight-stemmed trees ; bytaking off, every year, in the months of March and June, all thelateral shoots closely to the stem, commencing when the tree isabout eight feet high, and continuing the operation every year,till it lias attained the height of twenty feet. In consequence ofthis management, the oak grows somewhat, crooked, and the cur-vature will increase as the tree advances in years. 'This part ofbis plan, Mr. Randall considers to be particularly applicable toparks, hedge-vows, or open plantations. The other part of his..suggestion relates to forests, in which the underwood is regularly
cut every fifteenth or twentieth year, and where many clean andthriving young oaks are often discovered. If two of these growso near as to reach cadi other bv inflexion, he proposes to benddown their head- - , by means of a hooked stick, and to join themtogether, by interweaving their respective branches; in conse-quence of which, the trees will assume a direction that will greatlyfacilitate the future labour of the ship-builder. The proper timefor performing these operations is from the age of eight to four-teen years, if the oaks grow freely ; and the most convenient sea-son for interweaving the branches, is in the spring, before the leafappears. The saw-dust, and even the leaves, though inferior tothe bark, have been found useful in tanning. It appears, fromnumerous experiments made by the Rev. Mr. Swayne, of Puckie-churcli, near Bristol, and recoided in the tenth volume of theTransactions of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, &c.that half a peck of oak-leaves contains nearly as much astringentmatter as one pound of bark. Farther, the leaves make excellenthot-beds, and the saw-dust is the principal indigenous vegetableused in this country, for tinging fustians of various brown colours.The galls, or excrescences, produced by the leaves, are employed,for dyeing, and various other purposes. The balls, or apples,growing on this tree, are sometimes substituted for the galls, indyeing black colours, with the addition of copperas ; but theseshades, though more beautiful, are by no means of equal durabi-lity to those obtained from the former. Lastly, the juice, ex-pressed from oak-apples, when mixed with vitriol and gum-arabic,will make an excellent black ink.
Q. Suber, the Cork-Tree , grows thirty or forty feet high, hav-ing a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark, and oblong-oval undividedserrated leaves, downy underneath. This species ■furnishes thatuseful material cork ; it being the bark of the tree, which becom-ing of a thick fungous nature, under which, at tiie same time, isformed a new bark, and the old being detached for use, the treestill lives, and the succeeding young bark becomes also of thesame thick spongy nature in six or seven years, fit for barking,having likewise another fresh bark forming under it, becomingcork like the others in the like period of time ; and in this man-ner these trees wonderfully furnish Ike cork for our use, ofwhich are made the corks for bottles, bungs for barrels, andnumerous other useful articles. The tree grows in great plentyin Spain and Portugal , and from these countries we receive thecork.
QUERENT, [querens, Lat.] the complainant; the plaintiff'.
QUERFURT, a town in Saxony , 16 miles S. \V. of Halle,and 88 W. N. W. of Dresden .
Q.U.ERIA, in botany, a genus of the trigynia order and trian-dria class of plants; natural order, Caryophyllei. Calyx live-leaved; corolla none; capsule onc-celled ; seed one There arethree species.
QUERNFURT, a town in Upper Saxony, 12 miles S. E. ofMansfeldt. Lon. 12. 20. E. Eat. 51.27. N.
QLERR\, for Equerry , [ecuycr, Fr.] a groom belonginga prince, or one conversant in the king’s stables, and having thecharge of his horses ; also the stable of a prince.
QUESNOY, a town of France , and capital of a district sonamed, in the department of the North, and late province of French IlainauK, 9 miles S. E. of Valenciennes , and 15 N.E. of Cam-brav.' l.on. 3. 40. E. Lat. 50. 15. N.
QUEST, or INQUEST, an inquiry upon the oaths of an inr-pannelled jury. See Inquest.
Quest, in hunting, the seeking out of bounds, or the ventingor winding of spaniels.
QUESTION, [quccstio, -Lat.] in logic, a proposition proposedbv way of interrogation. See Proposition.
'QU’ESTOR, or QUA.STOP, in Roman antiquity, an officerwho had the management of the public treasure. '1 lie questorshipwas the first office any person could bear in the commonwealth,and gave a right to sit in the senate.
QUEST-TAKER, an officer of the royal forest, the same withAgistor ; also called Gift-taker. Each forest has four of them,
QUIBERON, a peninsula of France , in the department ofMorbihan, and late province of Bretagne ; N. of Belleisle,
Quiberon , a town and fort on the extremity of the above pe-ninsula, opposite to Belleisle, 17 miles S. E. of Port Louis , and 20
S. E. of Henncbon.
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