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RIAZAN, a city of Russia , capital of Riazanskoe; eighty milesS. S. E. of Moscow .
RIAZANSKOE, a province of Russia , bounded on the N. byUladimirskoi; E, and S. by Tambouskoi; and VV. by Moskou-skaia, andTulskoe.
RIBS. See Anatomy , and Physiology.
R1BADAVIA, a town of Spain, in Galicia , famous for its vine-yards, which produce some of the best wines in Spain . It isfifteen miles S. W. of Orense . Lon. 7. 45. VV. Lat. 42.13. N.
■RHIBADAVIA, a town of Spain, in Galicia , 25 miles from Lu-caro, seated on a rock. Lon. 6. 47. W. Lat. 43. 30. IS.
RIBA DEO, a sea-port-town of Spain, in Galicia , at the mouthof the Eo : with a good harbour defended by two forts : 14 miles
RIBANDS, or RIBBONS, a narrow sort of silk, chiefly usedfor head-ornaments, badges of chivalry, &c.
Ribands, [from rib and bcncl,'] in naval architecture, long nar-row flexible pieces of timber, nailed upon the outside of the ribs,from the stem to the stern-post, so as to envelope the ship length-wise, and appear on her side and bottom like the meridians on thesurface of the globe.
RIBE1RA GRANDE, a town of Africa , in St. Jago, thechief of the Cape de Verd Islands. Lon. 23. 24. VV. Lat. 15.
O. N.
RIBERAC, a town of France, in the department of Dor-dogne; 16| miles E. of Perigueux , and 27 S. S. E. of An-goulesme.
RIBES, the Currant and Gooseberry-bush ; a genus of themonogynia order, and pentandria class of plants ; natural order, Po-macex. Petals five, inserted with the stamens into the calyx ;style biiid; berry many-seeded, inferior. There are seventeenspecies, viz. ten of the currant, and seven of the gooseberry ; allthese shrubs are too well known to need a particular descrip-tion.
RIBNITZ, a town of Lower Saxony , in Mecklenburg, twelvemiles N. N. E. of Rostock . Lon. 12. 55. E. Lat. 54.10. N.
R1BNOI, a town of Russia, in Jaroslaw ; 40 miles W. N. W.ofJaroslaw.
RICC1A, Marsh-Liver-wort; in botany, a genus of thenatural order of algae, and cryptogamia class' of plants. Male,flowers sessile on tiie surface of the frond ; calyx and corolla none:female flowers on the same, or according to Micheli, on a distinctplant; calyx none, except a vesicular cavity, within the substanceof the leaf; corolla none. Tinmens has the species, natives ofEurope . Withering reckons the same number, all natives ofBritain .
RICE. See Oryza. Rice is, in the opinion of Dr. Cullen,preferable to all other grain, both for its abundant produce, andthe large portion of nutriment it affords. On account of its cheap-ness, it deservedly forms a principal article of food, for the poorerclasses of society.
RICHARDIA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order,and hexaudria class of plants; natural order, Stellatie. Calyxstx-parted ; corolla one-petaled, sub-cylindric; seeds three. There*s orily one species, viz. R. scabra, a native of Vera Cruz.
RICHELIEU , John Armand DU Plessis de, Cardinal ofEichelieu and Fronsac, bishop of Lucon, &c. was born at Paris in‘j<85. He was 0 f excellent parts; and at the age of twenty-twoobtained a dispensation to enjoy the bishopric of Lucon in 1607.•Returning into France , he applied himself to preaching; and hisre P>ilation this way procured him the office of almoner to thefftieen Mary de Medicis. liis abilities in the management of af-airs advanced him to be secretary of state in 1616; ami the kingj 001 ’luin tiie preference to" all his other secretaries. The1 the marquis of Ancre having produced a revolution in
here he employednd piety. The king
star r- ■ ue . ait l u,s ot Ancre having produchi -' rs ’ B lc helieu retired to Avjgnon ; wnisetf ln composing books-of controversy aiu
V-OL. IV.-—NO. 189.
lie accompanied the
king to the siege of Cazel, and contributed to the raising of it in1629. lie also obliged the (Huguenots to the peace at Alets,which proved the ruin of that party ; he took Pamerol, and suc-coured Cazal, besieged by Spinola. In the mean time the noblesfound fault with his conduct, and persuaded tiie king to discardhim. The cardinal, for his part, was unmoved with it ; and byhis reasonings overthrew what was thought to be determinedagainst him ; so that, instead of being disgraced, lie from that mo-ment became more powerful than ever. This able minister hadfrom thenceforward an ascendancy over tiie king’s mind ; and lienow resolved to humble the excessive pride of the house of Aus-tria. For that purpose he concluded a treaty with Gustavus Adol-phus king of Sweden, for carrying the war into the heart of Ger-many. lie also entered into a league with the duke of Bavaria ;secured Lorrain; raised a part ot the princes of the empire againstthe emperor; treated with the Dutch to continue the war againstSpain; favoured the Catalans and Portuguese , till they shook offthe Spanish yoke; and, in short, took so many different measures,that he accomplished his design ; and after having carried on thewar with success, was thinking of concluding it by a peace, whenhe died at Paris on the 4tli of Dec. 1642, aged 58. lie was in-terred in the Sorbonne, where a magnificent mausoleum was erect-ed to his memory.
Richelieu, a handsome town of France , in the department ofthe Indre and Loire, and late province of Tfturaine, 9 miles E. ofLoudun, and 152 S. W. of Paris . Lon, 0. 20. E. Lat. 47.2. N.
RICHERIA, in botany, a genus of the dicecia pentandria classand order. Capsule corticate, six-valved, three-celled ; seeds soli-tary, pendulous, below the tip of the columella ; style trifid. Thereis but one species.
RICHES, a word always used in the plural number, express-ing the collective idea of great opulence, when applied to indivi-duals ; and of general prosperity arising from industry and com*meree, when applied to nations.
RICHMOND, a town of England, in the North Riding ofYorkshire, pleasantly seated on the bank of the Swale, 40 milesN. W. of York , 60 S. E. of Lancaster, and 230 N.N. VV. ofLondon . Lon. 1. 35. W. Lat. 54. 28; N.
Richmond, a rich, populous, and elegant village of England,in Surrey, seated on the bank of the Thames , 9 miles W. S. \VTof London ,
Richmond, a county of Georgia , in the upper district, sepa-rated from South Carolina, on the E. by the Savannah .
Richmond, a county of New A ork ; comprehending StatenIsland , Shooter’s Island, and Meadow Islands.
Richmond, a county of North Carolina , in Fayette district;bounded on the N. by Moore county , N. E. by Cumberland, S.E. by Robeson, S. by S. Carolina, and W. by Anson. Rocking-ham is the capital.
Richmond, a county of Virginia , bounded on the N. and N,E. by that of Westmoreland, E. by Northumberland , and S. E. byLancaster counties.
Richmond , a city of V irginia, in Henrico county, 176 milesfrom Baltimore, and 278 from Philadelphia . Lon. 77. 59. W.Lat. 37. 40. N.
Richmond Bay, a bay in the Golf of St. Lawrence; oilthe N. coast of the isle of St- John. Lon. 63. 35. VV 7 . Lat. 46.30. N.
R1CHMONDSHIRE, a district in the North Riding of A ork*shire, formerly a county of itself. It abounds in beautiful addromantic situations. The inhabitants are famous for industry ;particularly in the manufacture of knit-stockings, &c. The adja-cent lead-mines are wrought near and in it.
RIC1NUS, or PALMA CHRISTI , in botany, a genus ofthe monodelphia order, and moncecia class of plants ; natural or-der, Tricoccx. Calyx five-parted ; corolla none : male, stamensnumerous: female, styles three, bifid ; capsule three-celled; seedone. There are six species.
RICKETS, \rhnchitis, Lat.] in medicine, a disorder incidentto children, proceeding from an unequal nutrition. Children areseldom attacked with rickets before they are nine mon'hs old, andafter they are two years old. It may originally proceed from thedisorders of the parents, and may be increased by those of thenurse. If is also promoted by feeding the child with aqueous and6 H mucous