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published a Idler lo d’Alembert upon the project of establishing atheatre at Geneva . In ibis letter, which was well written, he de-clared himself against theatrical exhibitions, though he had beforepublished a comedy, and also a pastoral, both adapted for thestage. lie next published his Dictionary of Music', in which aremany excellent articles. lie had before given a letter on theFrench music, or rather a censure of that music. In 1701 ap|>ear-ed his romance of the New Heloise, 0 vols. It is in the form ofletters, exhibiting a strange mixture of beauties and deformities;but it was react with avidity. This work was eclipsed by bis Emi-lias, a moral romance in 4 vols. in which he condemns every othermode of education but that of following nature, Rousseau in thiswork attacks the prophecies and miracles of the Christian religion,while lie seems to praise the gospel, and draw a beautiful picture otits Divine Author. The parliament of Paris condemned the book,and prosecuted the writer, who fled to Switzerland , where he rc-< eived so many insults on account of his principles that he returnedlo Paris, anil on the invitation of Mr. Hume went to London in1766, where he obtained a pension; but, having quarrelled withbis friend, he went back to Prance, and sometimes appeared in theArmenian dress. lie was of a restless, proud, and fretful, disposi-tion, imagining that there was a conspiracy of the'men of lettersagainst him, and that all mankind were his enemies, lie died ofan apoplexy, at Ermenonville, near Paris , in 1778. Ilis workshave been published in 33 vols. 8vo. and ISmo.

ROUSSELAllT, a town of France , in the department of theNorth, and late province of French Flanders, 10 miles N.E. ofYpres and GO S.E. of Ostend . Lon. 3. 0. pi. Lat. 50. 53. N.

ROUSSILLON, a late province of France , .50 miles long and25 broad. It was bounded on the E. by the Mediterranean, onthe \V. by Cerdagna , on the X. by Lower Languedoc, andon the S. by Catalonia, from which it is separated by the Py-renees ,

ROUT, in law, is applied to an assembly of persons goingforcibly to commit some unlawful act, whether they execute it ornot. See Riot.

Hovt, in fashionable life, a numerous meeting of ladies andgentlemen at the expence of the inviter, with music, dancing, andother entertainments.

ROUTE, is particularly used for that course which militaryorces take. It is also used for the defeat and flight of an arm v.

ROW E, Elizabeth, an ingenious bud pious^ lady, whosemaiden-name was Singer, was born at Ilebester, in Somersetshire ,in 1674. At the age of twenty-two she published a collection ofpoems, under the name of Philomela . Matt. Prior is said tohave paid his addresses lo her, but she declined the ofler, andmarried Mr. Thomas Rowe, an ingenious young gentleman, whosoon left her a widow, in which state she continued the remainderof her life. She died suddenly at Fromc in 1737. The prin-cipal of her poems is one on the History of Joseph. She was alsothe author of a collection of letters, intituled Friendship in Death,and after her decease Dr. W T alts printed a volume of her thoughts,'Under 'he title of Devout Exercises of the Heart.

ROWEL, in farriery, signifies a kind of issue, artificiallyformed in horses, with a’view to drain superfluous humours. SeeFarriery .

ROWNING, John, an ingenious English mathematician andphilosopher, born in 1699. He was fellow of Magdalen College ,Cambridge, and afterwards rector of Anderby in Lincolnshire ,lie was a constant attendant at the Spalding society, and was aman of a philosophical habit, though of a cheerful disposition. Hehad a peculiar genius for mathematical contrivances. In 1738 heprinted, at Cambridge, A Compendious System of Natural Phi-losophy, in 2 vols. Svo. reprinted in 1745. lie wrote also twopieces in the Philosophical Transactions , viz. 1. Description of aBarometer, wherein tlie Scale of Variation may be increased atpleasure, vol. 38, p. 39- And, 2. Directions for making a Ma-chine for finding the Roots of Equations universally, w ith themanner of using it, vol. 60. p. 240. He died in Cary-street, Lon-don , Nov. 1771, aged 72.

ROXBURGH, an ancient city of Scotland , in Roxburgh-shire.

Roxburgh, or Roxburghshire, a-county of Scotland , calledalso Teviotdale, from the Teviot which runs through it; extendingabout 30 miles from E. to W. and 15 in breadth from the English

border to the Blue Cairn in Lauderdale-Moor, but of an irregularfigure. It is bounded on the N. by Lauderdale and Berwickshire,

• on the E. and S.E. by Northumberland and Cumberland, on theS. and S.W. by Annandale, and on the W. by Dumfries and Sel-kirksbires. On the N. and \V. the county is mountainous, andchiefly appropriated to pasture; but on the S. and E. considerablylevel and fertile.'

ROXBURGH 1A, in botany, a genus of the octandria mono-gynia class and order. Calyx four-leaved; corolla four-pelaled,inwardly keeled; nectary four, awl-shaped; leaflets on the apexof the keel of the petals, converging ; anthers linear; capsule one-celled, two-valved ; seeds many. It has but one species, nativesof Coromandel.

ROXO, a tape of the Island of Porto Rico on the S.W. coast.I,o„. 67. 53. W. Lat. 18. 11. N.

ROXOLAN1, an ancient people of European Sarmatia, whowere very rebellious under the Roman emperors.

ROYAL FAMILY. .The first and most considerable of theking’s royal family, regarded by the laws of England, is (he queen.

I. The queen of England is either queen regent, queen consort,or queen dowager. The queen regent, regnant, or sovereign, i,>she who holds the crown in her own right ; as queen Mary , 1. and

II. queen Elizabeth, and queen Anne ; and such an one has thesame [lowers, prerogatives, rights, dignities, and duties, as it shehad been a king. This is expressly declared by slat. 1 Mar, I. si.3, c. 1. But the queen consort, is the wife of the reigning king,and she by virtue of her marriage is participant of divers preroga-tives above women. And, first, sbe is a public person, exemptanil distinct from the king ; and not, like other married women,so closely connected as to have lost all legal or separate exist-ence so long as the marriage continues. For the queen is of abi-lity to purchase lands, to convey them, to make leases, to grantcopyholds, and do other acts of ownership, without the concur-rence of her lord; which no other married woman can do: aprivilege as old as the Saxon a'ra. She is also capable of taking agrant from the king, which no other wife is from her husband.'Plie queen of England has separate courts and officers distinctfrom the king's; anil her attorney and solicitor general are en-titled to a place within the bar of his majesty’s courts, togetherwith the king’s counsel. She may likewise sue and be sued alone,without joining her husband. She may also have a separate pro-perty of goods as well as lands, and.has a rigid to dispose of themby will. In short, she is in all legal proceedings looked upon as afemme-sole, and not as a femme-couvcrte; as a single, not as a mar-ried, woman. She has also many exemptions, and minute preroga-tives. She pays no toll ; nor is she liable to any amercement inany court, lint, in general, unless where the law has expressly de-clared her exempted, she is upon the same footing with other sub-jects; being the king’s subject, and not his equal. The queenhas also some pecuniary advantages, which form her .a distinctrevenue. 2. As to a queen dowager, she, though an alien born,shall he entitled to a dower after the king’s demise, which noother alien is. A queen dowager, when married again to a sub-ject, doth not lose lmr regal dignity, as peeresses dowager do whenthey marry commoners. Eoi Katharine, queen dowager of HenryV. though she married a private gentleman, Owen ap Meredithap Theodore, commonly called Owen Tudor ; yet, by the nameof Katherine, queen of England, maintained an action against thebishop of Carlisle. And so the dowager of Navarre marryingwith Edmond the brother to Edward l. maintained an action of(lower bv the name of queen of Navarre. 3. The prince ofWales , or heir apparent to the crown, and also his royal consort,and the princess royal, or eldest daughter of the king, are likewisepeculiarly regarded bylaws. For, by stat. 25 Edward HI. tocompass or conspire the death of the. former, or to violate thechastity of either of the latter, are as much high treason as to con-spire the death of the king, or violate the chastity of the queen-Anil this upon the same reason as was before given ; because theprince of Wales is next in succession to the crown, and to violatehis wife might taint the blood-royal with bastardy ; and the eldestdaughter of the king is also alone inheritable to the crown onfailure of issue male, and therefore more respected by the lawsthan any of her younger sisters. The heir apparent to the crownis usually made prince of Wales and earl ot Chester, by specialcreation and investiture ; but being the king’s eldest son, lie is by

inheritance