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in preventing that most fatal disorder in sheep, the rot. Besides,sail is an excellent manure ; as it is equally destructive to weedsand vermin: the most accurate proportion appears to be sixteenbushels per acre; but, if that quantity be exceeded, or doubled, itw ill produce effects diametrically opposite to those intended, andcompletely check vegetation. With respect to its medicinal pro-perties, common salt, when taken in small quantities, promotes theappetite and digestion; but, if given in large doses, for instance,half an ounce, it operates as a laxative. It deserves, however, tobe remarked, that its useful properties are greatly changed in aslate of intimate combination with animal-matters : thus, salt-butterami salt-meat, or fish, are less wholesome than those substances

wuen eaten in a fresh slate, with a due portion of that domesticspice; nay, if used too frequently, the former often lay the foun-dation of tedious maladies, such as leprosy, scurvy, and other cu-taneous eruptions. Lastly, salt is sometimes administered with aview to restrain the operation of emetics, or to carry them off bystool; and likewise as a stimulus in clysters.

. Salt, in a chemical sense, is a crystallizable substance , con-siderably soluble in water, and highly sapid. The term is appliedlikewise by modern chemists to all the crystallizable acids, or -al-kalies, earths, or combinations of acids with alkalies, earths,or metallic oxides; lienee salts in chemistry are distinguishedinto alkaline, .earthy, and metallic, and they take their namesfrom the acid, and alkali, &c. of which they arc combined:thus the sulphate of soda is a combination of sulphuric acid andsoeja ; the sulphite of soda is a combination of sulphurous acid andsoda. The termination ate denotes that the salt is formed of theacid containing the greater quantity of oxygen, and the termi-nation ite of the acid, containing the smaller quantity of oxygen.See Chemistry. I-'or an account of the different genera of saltssee the articles Sulphates, Sulphites, Nitrates, Nitrites,Muriates, Phosphates , &c.

SALTA, a town of South America, in Paraguay , in the pro-vince of Tucuman, 50 miles S.,of St. Salvador, and 37 of Estreco .Lon, (55. 33. W. Lat. 25. 20. S.

SALTASIJ, a borough of Cornwall , six miles N. W. of Ply-mouth and 220 VV.S. W. of London . Lon. 4. 17. W. Lat. 50.25 N.

SALTCOATS, a sea-port-town of Scotland , in Ayrshire, fivemiles N. W. of Irvine.

S>ALTFLEET, a sea-port-town of England, in Lincolnshire ,33 miles N. E. of Lincoln, and 158, or 163, N. of London . Lat.33. 22. N.

SALT-HOLM, an island of Denmark , near the coast of Zea-la "d, in the Sound; five miles S. E. of Copenhagen ,

. SALTIER. See Heraldry, This, saysG. Leigh, in his Ac-c *dence of Arms, page. 70, was anciently made of the height of a*£ a «, and driven full of pins, the use of which was to scale walls,p C - Lpton derives this word from sallus, i. e. a forest. Thet'ench call this ordinary sautoir, from scatter to leap ; because it: a 7 have been used by soldiers to leap over walls of towns, whichof o rmer l ' mes > were low; but some think it is borne in imitationI’t- Andrew’s cross.

k^fri’ETRE. See Nitre, and Nitrates.

.LIZA, a town in Lower Saxony . It is twelve miles fromMagdeburg .

nia SliURG, or SALZBURG , a late archbishopric of Ger-Dn T’ u ® ai ’ ar ‘ a > bounded on the E. by Stiriuand Upper Austria,Bav' 16 ' ' h. v the country, of Tvrol, on the N. by the duchy of

of IT-'. 3 ’ anc ' 0,1 S. by the duchy of Cariuthia and the bishopricof 60 f 011 ’ ^' s a h ol d 100 miles long from E. to W, and upwards

to S. It is very mountainous, yielding, however,4ble f e ? t li! ,ast ' llra “ e > ant ' abounding in cattle, and horses remark-s' 1 ^ e ' r mettle and hardiness.

!)rin T rzB ' JR G, or Salzburg , the capital of the above archbisho-

IXfen - °- K Lat47 ; 15 - N- .

with at ADOR, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo ,It is l )a ' ace where the king and a Portuguese bishop reside.

Sai.vau ° D a c l la SSy mountain. Lon. 15. 39. E. Lat. 5. 0. S.Ani-'-ri,.., - 0R k ^ T - a large, populous, and handsome town of S.

aAi-VADOR T 11 ’ L ,°"’ 4 °'. “>• W - Lat. 13. 30. S.

the kino-don, It J,' or ^ ANzA St. Salvador, a town of Africa , inoti a rockv , . n E°< capital of the province of Pemba, seated

fr °m the coast of tf? \ banks of lbe ^ aue ’ about 1:20 inlies

Salvador, St. a town of Mexico , in the province of Guatimala,12 miles from the Pacific Ocean . Lon. 90. 3. W. Lat. 13,5. N.

SALVADORA, in botany, a germs of the monogynia order*and tetrandria class of plants. Calyx four-cleft; corolla four-cleft; berry one-seeded ; seed covered with an aril. There arethree species found in China ,

SALVAGE MONEY, a reward allowed by the civil andstatute law for the saving of ships or goods from the danger of Ihesea, pirates, or enemies. Where any ship is in danger of beingstranded, or driven on shore, justices of the peace are to commandthe constables to assemble as many persons as are necessary to pre-serve it; and, on its being preserved by their means, the personsassisting therein shall, in thirty days after, be paid a reasonablereward for tiieir salvage ; otherwise the ship or goods shall remainin the custody of the officers of the customs as a security for thesame.

Salvages, a cluster of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, be-tween the Canaries and Madeira, 27 leagues N. of Teneriffe .Lon. 16. 4. W. Lat. 30. 11. N.

SALVATERRA, a town of Portugal in Estremadura , 15 milesS. of Santarem. Lon. 7. 51. W. Lat. 38. 59. N.

Salvatf.rra do Extrema, a strong town of Portugal , inBeira, bordering on Spain , 10-# miles S. E. of Idanha a Velha, and12 N. of Alcantara in Spain .

SALVATIERRA, a town of Spain, in Alava , 30 miles E. ofVittorio. Lon.-2. 17. W. Lat. 42. 54. N.

Salvatif.rra, other tbiee towns of Spain: 1. in Arragon , 22miles W. N. W. of Jaca : 2. in Leon, 12 miles E. S. E. of Civi-dad Rodrigo: 3. in Galicia , on the Minho, 7 miles N, E ofTuy, and 46- S, of Compostella . Lot;. 8. 15. W, Lat. 41.48. N.

SALVATION, the safety or preservation of any thing whichis or has been in danger, and is generally used in a religious sense.Phe Hebrews but rarely make use of concrete terms as they arecalled, but often of abstracted. Thus, instead of saying that God saves them and protects them, they say that God is their salvation.Thus the word of salvation, the joy of salvation, the rock of salva-tion, the shield of salvation, the horn of salvation, &c. is as muchas to say, The word that declares deliverance ; the joy that attendsthe escaping a great danger, a rock where any one takes refuge,and where he may be in safety from his enemy; a buckler, thatsecures him from the arm of the enemy ; a horn or ray of light, ofhappiness and salvation, &c. See Theology, &c.

SALVATORE, St. a town of France , in the department ofMarengo, and late province of the Alexandrine, 6 miles N. W. of.Alexandria in Italy , and 9 S. E. of Casal.

SALVE REGINA, among the Romanists, the name of a La-tin prayer, addressed to the Virgin, and sung after complines, asalso upon the point of executing a criminal. It was composed byPeter, bishop of Compostella .

SALVIA, Sage; a genus of the monogynia order, and digyniaclass of plants; natural order, Verlicillatse. Corolla unequal;filaments placed crosswise on a pedicle. It has seventy-ninespecies.

SALVIN1A, in botany, a genus of the cryptogamia miscel-lanea: class and order. Male, ilowers four to nine, among whorl*ed roots, heaped into a little ball ; calyx sub-globular, pubescent,one-ce!led, consisting of a double membrane ; corolla none, unlessit be the inner membrane of the calyx ; stamen an upright pillar,placed on the base of the calyx : feniale, in the middle of the ball,solitary; cal vx and corolla as in the males; pistils; germs aboutfifteen', obliquely ovate, blunt, ragged with dots, each on distinctpedicles, fastened to the bottom of the calyx ; sty Ie none; stigmaa dot on the top of the germ ; pericarpium none ; seeds as manyas there are germs, and of the same form. The male and fenialetlowers'mav be distinguished in the dry plant before the calyxesopen, bv the size of the protuberant grains.

SALlLM, a river of Africa, one of the branches of the Gambia ,which waters the country of Salum, and runs into the Atlantic byseveral mouths.

Salum, or Bursau, a country of Africa , in Negroland, whichis watered by the above river, and named from it. It extendsabout 36 miles in 'length, along the banks of the Salum and theGambia .

SALVORA,