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war was rekindled, anil the elector of Saxon v, his brother, offeredhim the command of his forces, which he declined, giving the pre-ference to the French service. He then joined marshal Berwickon the Rhine , and displayed great skill and bravery at the siegeof Phihpsburg, tor which he was made lieutenant-general. In174-1 the count took Prague , Which was followed by the captureof Agria. In 1744 he was made marshal of France, and comman-der-in-chief in Flanders. The. next year he gained the battle of•Fontenoy, though he was so ill as to be carried on a litter. Thisvictory was followed by the fall of several strong towns, particu-larly Brussels. In 174b he gained the battle of Rocoux, and thesame year was appointed marshal oi all the French armies, andgovernor of all the places conquered in the Low.Countries. liedied of a fever, on the 30th November 1750, aged 54. “ 11 is life

had been (he said) an excellent dream.” On his death-bed hereviewed the errors of his life with remorse, and expressed muchpenitence. The best edition of his Reveries was printed at Paris1757, in 2 vols. 4to.

Saxe-Gotha, a late duchy of Germany , in Upper Saxony',about 30 miles long, and 12 broad.

Saxe-Lauenburg, a principality of Germany', in LowerSaxony , bounded on the N. E. and E. by the duchy of Mecklen-burg ; S. and S. W. by that of Lunenburg ; and N. W. by thatof Holstein. The surface is mostly level, and covered withheath ; the soil sandy and barren, though some fertile spots pro-duce corn and flax ; but it abounds with excellent pasture-lands.Laucnburg is the capital.

SAXENi HAGEN, a town in Westphalia , 20 miles N. W. ofHanover. Lon. 9. 36. E. Lat. 52. 30. N.

SAXIFRAGA, Saxifrage; in botany, a genus of the digyniaorder, and decandria class of plants ; natural order, Succulents .Calyx five-parted, five-pelaled ; capsule two-beaked, one-celled,many-seeded. There are fifty species.

S. Punctata, London Pride, or None so Pretty, growsnaturally on the Alps, and also in great plenty on a mountatn ofIreland called Mangevton, in the county of Kerry. The roots oftliis are perennial; the leaves are oblong, oval, and placed circu-larly at bottom. They have broad, flat, furrowed foot-stalks, andare deeply crenated at their edges, which are white. The stalkrises a foot high, is of a purple colour, stiff, slender, and hairy.It sends out from the side on the upper part several short foot-stalks, which are terminated by white flowers spotted with red.

S. Pyramidata, Mountain-Heath, with a pyramidal stalk,grows naturally on the mountains ot Italy '. r l he leaves are tongue-shaped, gathered into heads, rounded at their points, and havecartilaginous and sawed borders. These species are easily propa-gated by offsets, or by parting their roots.

. SAXL1NGHAM, or SAXMUNDFIAM, a town of England,In Suffolk, 89 miles N. E. of London . Lon. 1.40. E, Lat. 52. IS. N.

SAXON ES, an ancient nation of Germany , who inhabited thecountry near theCimbriea Chersonesus.

Saxons, the nati ves of Saxony , ancient and modern. The? n cteii[ Saxons were a brave but fierce people . The Britons, or'miabitants of S. Britain, being deserted by-the Romans, aboutle middle of the fifth century, and threatened with utter extirpa-1011 fiy the Scots and Piets, invited the Saxons over from Ger-lany to assist and defend them; in consequence of which, a nu-44 q 0us bod .V of them came over under Ilengist and Horsa, A. D.

’. ° f mid repeated emigrations of fresh adventurers suc-§ SMV ely arriving afterwards, they soon conquered and divided all

mil Britain , since called England, into seven kingdoms, com-ply denominated the Saxon Heptarchy. SeeENGt.AND.

1 *-'cONY the name of two circles of Germany , an electorate,aiH j a duchy.

Sax' '’ ax 9 ny > Duchy of, or the Electoral Circle ofcircl° NY ’ ' n dle late Germanic constitution, was bounded by theAid C p ^ e:ssi “ n > Leipzig, and Thuringia , the principality ofp a p) a b dle marche of Brandenburg, and T.usatia. The pri'nci-ki'ea/ Anhalt lies across it, and divides it into two parts. Itsthon k 4 ■ le . n SDv and breadth is computed at about 40 miles ; but^Lildp '- S walere< I by tbe Elbe , the Black Elster, and theof sa a q’ 11 ls I10t ver >’ fruitful, the soil for the most part consisting

2 ^ * -p,

Dermif^° NY ’ . lect °Ratf. of, or Saxony Proper, in the latenc constitution, consisted of the duchy, the greatest part of

the margravate of Meissen, a part of the Vogtland , and the north-ern half of the lamlgravate of Thuringia . The Lusatias also, amia part of the country of Ilenneberg, belong to it The soil is- ingeneral exceedingly rich and fruitful,y ielding corn, fruits,and pulse,in abundance, together with hops, flax, hemp, tobacco, aniseed,wild saffron, wood; ami in some places woad, wine, coals, porce-lain-clay, terra sigillata, fullers’ earth , line shiver, various sorts ofbeautiful marble serpentine stone, and almost all the d fferent spe-cies of precious stones. Sulphur, alum, vitriol, free-stone, suit-springs, amber, turf, cinnabar, quicksilver, antimony, bismuth,arsenic, cobalt, and other minerals, are found in it : likewise va-luable mines of silver, copper, tin, lead, and iron ; and aboundsin many places with horned'cattle, sheep, horses, and venison.The principal rivers are the Elbe, the Black Elder, the Mulde ,the Saale, the Unstrut, the White Elster, and the Pleisse . Theserivers, as well as the lakes and rivulets, abound in fish ; and in theWhite Elster are found beautiful pearls.

3. Saxony , Lower, in the late Germanic constitution, a circleboundedon the S. by the circle ot Upper Saxony, ami a part of theUpper Rhine ; on the N.by the duchy ofSleswiik, belonging tothe king of Denmark , and the Baltic: on the IV. by the circle ofWestphalia and tire North Sea ; and on the E. by the circle ofUpper Saxony. The states formerly belonging to it are the du-chies and principalities of Magdeburg and Bremen, Zell, Grttben-hagen, Calenburg, Wolfenbutlle, Tlalberstadt, Mecklenburg-Sclnverin, Mecklinburgh-Gustro, Holstein-Gluckstadt, Ilolstein-Gottorp, llildesheim, iSaxe-Laucnburg ; the archbishopric of Lu-beck ; the principalities of Schwerin, Ratzeburg , Blankenburg,llanzau ; the imperial cities of Lubeck , Gotzlar, Muhlhauseii,Nordhausen , Hamburgh, and Bremen.

4. Saxony, Upfer, a late circle of the German empire,bounded by that of Franconia, ' the L’pper Rhine, and LowerSaxony; and also by the Baltic sea, Prussia, Poland , Silesia, Lu-satia, and Bohemia . It is of great, extent, and contains the follow-ing states, viz. the electorates of Saxony and Brandenburg, Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach , Saxe-Cobouvg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxc-AHen-burg, Saxe-Querfurt, the Hither and Farther Pomerania, Gamin,Anhalt, Quedlinburg, Gernrode, Walkenried, Schwarzburg , Son-dershausen, Sclnvarzburg Rndolstadt, Mansfield, Slolberg, Batby,the counties of Reussen, and the counties of Schonbcrg. Most ofthe inhabitants profess the Protestant religion. This electorate hasbeen recently formed into a kingdom by Buonaparte , constitutingone of the (rowers of the confederation of the Rhine .

SAY , or SAYE, in commerce, a kind of serge much usedabroad for linings, and by the religious for shirts ; with us it is usedfor aprons by several sorts of artificers, being usually dyed green.

SAYCOCK, an island of Japan , separated from Niphon, by anarrow channel. Lon. 132. 28. E. Lat. 34. 0. N.

SAYDA, a town in Upper Saxony, 14 miles SS-E. ofFrevberg.

SAY PAN, one of the Mariana Islands , in the E. Indian ocean,about 20 miles in circumference. Its soil is fertile, and climate se-rene ; and it abounds in all the necessaries of life. Lon. from 140.to 150. E. Lat. 14. 30. to 15. 22. N.

SCABIOSA, Scabious ; in botany-, a genus of the monogyntaorder, and tetrandria class of plants ; natural order, Aggregate.Calyx common, many-leaved ; propel double superior; receptaclechaffy. There are forty-threespecies.

SCABRIILE, in botany, the name of the fifty-third order in.Linnseus’sFragments of a Natural Method,consisting of plants withrough leaves. Among these arc the ficus and moms, which yieldbv incision a milky juice.

'SCLEVOLA, in'botany, a genus of the monogvnia order, andpentandria class-of-plants. Corolla one-petah-il, with the tubecloven longitudinally, the border tWe-clelt and lateral; drupe in-ferior, containing one two celled nut. 'I here are ■ three species,natives of the-East Indies.

Scaffold * a timber-work raised in the manner of an amphithe-atre, for the more commodious viewing of any show or ceremony;it is also used for a little stage raised in some public place, whereonto behead criminals.

Scaffold, among builders, is an assemblage of planks andboards, sustained by tressels and pieces of wood fixed in the wall;whereon masons, bricklayers, &c. stand to work, in building highwalls, and plasterers in islastering ceilings, &r. °

SCAGEN, SKAGEN, or SCAVN, a town of De nmark, at

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