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Cambridge , where he took his degrees. In 1609 he became rectorof the parish of St. George, Bololph Lane, in London ; and in1681 prebendary of Pancras, in the cathedral of St. Paul’s . liewas likewise chosen master of the Temple, and rector of Therficldin Hertfordshire . After the revolution he was suspended, for re-fusing the oaths to king William and queen Mary ; but at last hetook them, and publicly justified what he had done. In 1691, liewas installed dean of St. Paul’s . His Vindication of the Doctrineof the Trinity engaged him in a warm controversy with Dr. Southand others. Bishop Burnet says, he was “ a clear, a polite, and astrong writer; but apt to assume ton much to himself, and to treathis adversaries with contempt.” He died in 1702. His worksare very numerous. Among these are, 1. A Discourse concerningthe Knowledge of Jesus Christ, against Dr. Owen. 2. Severalpieces against the Papists, the Socinians, and Dissenters. 3.A practical Treatise on Death , which is much admired. 4. Apraclical Discourse on Providence. 5. A practical Discourse onthe future Judgment; and many oilier works.

Sherlock, Thomas, D. D. bishop of London , the son of thepreceding, was born in 167S. He was educated in CatharineHall, Cambridge , where he took his degrees, and of which he be-came master; he was made master of the Temple very young, onthe resignation of his father; and it is remarkable, that Ibis mas-tership was held by father and son successively for more than se-venty years. He wasatthe head of the opposition against Dr. Iload-ley, bishop of Bangor; during which contest lie published a greatnumber of pieces. He attacked the famous Collins’s “Groundsand Reason of the Christian Religion,” in a course of six sermons,preached at the Temple Church, which he intituled “ The Useand Intent of Prophecy in the several Ages of the W orld.” InJ728, he was appointed bishop of Bangor; and of Salisbury in1734. In 1747, he refused the archbishopric of Canterbury , onaccount of ill health; but recovering, he accepted the see of Lon-don in J748. On occasion of the earthquakes in 1750, lie pub-lished an excellent Pastoral Letter to the clergy and inhabitantsof London and Westminster: of which it is said there were print-ed in 4to. 5000 copies; in 8vo. 20,000; and in 12mo. about30,000 ; beside pirated editions, of which not less than 50,000were said to have been sold. Under the weak state of body inwhich he lay for several years, he revised and published four vo-lumes of sermons in 8 vo. which are particularly admired for theiringenuity and elegance. lie died in 1702, worth 150,000/.“ His learning,” says Dr. Nicholls, “ was very extensive: God had given him an understanding mind, a quick comprehension,and a solid judgment. Iiis skill in the civil and canon law wasvery considerable; to which he added such a knowledge of thecommon law of England as few clergymen attain to.” Dr. Ni-cholls mentions also his exemplary piety, his zeal in preachingthe duties, and maintaining the doctrines of Christianity , and hisdiffusive munificence and charity ; particularly to the corporationof clergymen’s sons, to several hospitals, and to the society forpropagating the gospel in foreign parts: his bequeathing to Ca-tharine Iiall in Cambridge , the place of his education, his valua-ble libraiy of books, ami his donations for the founding a libra-rian’s place and a scholarship, to the amount of several thousandpounds.

SHERRIFFE OF MECCA, the title of the descendants ofMohammed by IIassail Ion Ali. These are divided into severalbranches, of which the family of Ali Biinemi, consisting at least of300 individuals, enjoy the whole right to the throne of Mecca .

SHERSIIELL, a town of Africa, in Algiers , supposed to bethe ancient Jol, which was called Cassarea, by Juba II. in honourOf Augustus Caisar. Lon. 2. 36. E. Eat. 36. 35. N.

SHERW1N, John Keyse, a late eminent English engraver,He was originally a wood cutter, on the estate of Mr. Milford, inSussex ; but going one day to that gentleman’s bouse on somebusiness, be was admitted into a room where some of the familywere drawing, to whom he paid such attention, that Mr. Mitfordasljed him if lie could draw any ? Sherwin replied, “ he could nottel), but should like to try: on which a port-crayon was givenhim, and he immediately produced a drawiijg, that astonished notonly all present, but the Society of Arts , to whom Mr. Mitfordpresented it, and who voted him their silver-prize-medal in conse-uence. Being soon after removed to London , lie entered underaitolozzi, and in three years made such surprising proficiency,

that he obtained both the gold and the silver prize medals givenby the Society. After this he executed many capital engravings;among which, his Finding of Moses is esteemed one of the bestworks of the present age. He died in 1790.

SHERWOOD, a spacious forest in the W. part of Notting-hamshire , which formerly occupied the greatest part of it. It wasso thick that it was hardly passable; but now it is much thinner,and its extent is much contracted. In the twelfth and thirteenthcenturies, this forest was the head-quarter of Robin Ilood, LittleJohn, and their gang of thieves.

SllE'l LAND, or ZETLAND , the name of certain islandsbelonging to Scotland, and lying N. E. of Orkney ; between Lat.59.56. and 61. 11. N. There are many convincing proofs that theseislands were very early inhabited by the Piets, or rather by thosenations who were the original possessors of the Orkneys . 'Fileinhabitants are a stout, well made, comely people ; the lower sortof a swarthy complexion. As they find no difficulty in providingfor a family, they marry very early, and a bachelor is consideredas a sort of phenomenon in morals. Ali that is requisite to enteron a married life in Shetland, is a cow, a small hut, a pot, a yawl,and fishing-tackle, and a rug or blanket. With these, thoughtheir crops could not maintain them above eight months in theyear, yet by the immense quantities of fish they catch, the cheap-ness of provisions in general, and the abundance of fuel, they, liveas comfortably, or more so, than most people of tiie same rank inthe peninsula of Scotland .

SI1EW-BREAD, the loaves of bread which the priest of theweek puls every Sabbath-day upon the golden table in the sanctuary,before the Lord, in the temple of the Jews . They were twelvein number, and were offered to God in the name of the twelvetribes of Israel. They were shaped like a brick, were ten palmslong and five broad, weighing about Mbs each. They were un-leavened, and made of fine flour by the Levites. The priests setthem on the table in two rows, six in a row, and pul frankincenseupon them to preserve them from moulding. They were changedevery Sabbath , and the old ones belonged to the priest upon duty.Of this bread none but the priests might eat, except in cases ofnecessity.

SHIBBOLETH, [nSsttf, Heb. i. c. an ear of corn.] theword proposed by Jepluha to distinguish the Gileadites from theEphramites, as the latter pronounced sh like s. Hence it is stillused metaphorically for the cant criterion, or distinguishing markof a party.

SHIELD, an ancient weapon of defence, in form of a lightbuckler, borne on the arm to guard off lances, darts, &c. The formof the shield is represented by the escutcheon in coats of arms.The shield was that part of the ancient armour on which the per-sons of distinction in the field of battle always bad their armspainted ; and most of the words still used to express the space thatholds the arms of families are derived from the Latin name for ashield, scutum. The French cscu and escussion, and the English word escutcheon, or, as we commonly speak, it, scutcheon,' areevidently from this origin ; and the Italian scudo signifies both theshield of arms and that used in war. The Latin name clypeus, forthe same thing, seems also to be derived from (he Greek wordyXiqmv, to engrave; and it had this name from the several figuresengraved on it, as marks of distinction of the person whowore it.

Shield, in heraldry, the escutcheon or field on which the bear-ings ot coats of arms are placed. See Heraldry.

Shields, North, a sea-port-town of England in Northum-berland , 7j miles E. N. E. of Newcastle. Lon. 1. 12. W. J-at.55. 44. N.

Shields, South, a sea-port-town, opposite to the above, onthe S. hank of the Tyne. Lon. 1. J2. VV. Lat. 55. 44. N.

SHIFTERS, on board a man of war, are certain men employedby the cooks to shift and change (lie water in which the fleshor fish is put, and laid for some time, in order to fit it for th*kettle.

SHIFTING A TACKLE, in sea-language, the act of re-moving the blocks of a tackle to a greater distance from eachother, on (he.object to which they are applied, in order to giy®a greater scope or extent to their purchase. This operation t*otherwise called fleeting.

SI11GGAION, in ancient Hebrew music, is either the name