S H I

S H I

573

mast; 19, The gunwale; 20, The belfry ; 21, The funnel forsmoke; 22, The gangway gofng off the forecastle; 23, The fore-castle-guns. C , in the forecastle—24, The door of the bulk headforward; 25, Officers’ cabins; 26, Staircase ; 27, t'ore-top-sail-sheet-bits; 28, The beams; 29, The tailings. D, The middle-gun-deck forward—30, The fore-jeer-bils; 31, The oven and fur-nace of copper; 32, The captain’s cook-room; 33, The ladderor way to the forecastle. E. the lower gun-deck forward—34,The knees fore and aft; 35, The spirketings, or (he first streaknext to each deck, the next under the beams being called clamps:36, The beams of the middle gun-deck fore and aft; 37, Thecarlings of the middle gun-deck fore and aft; 38, The fore-bits;39, The after or main bits; 40. The hatchway to the gunner’sand boatswain’s store-rooms; 41, The jeer-capstan. F, The orlop—42 , 43, 44, The gunner’s, boatswain’s, and carpenter’s store-rooms; 45, The beams of the lower gun-deck ; 46, 47, The pil-lars and the riders fore and aft; 48, The bulkhead of the store-rooms. G, the hold—49, 50, 51, The foot-hook-rider, the Door-rider, and the standard, fore and aft; 52, The pillars; 53, Thestep of the foremast; 54, The kelson, or false keel, and deadrising; 55, The dead wood. H, at midships in the hold—56,The floor-timbers; 57, The keel; 58, The well; 59, The chain-pump ; 60, The step of the mainmast; 61, 62, Beams and car-lings of the orlop, fore and aft. I, The orlop amidships—63, Thecable-tier; 64, The main hatchway. K, The lower gun deckamidships—65, 1 he ladder leading up to the middle gun-deck ;66, The lower tire of ports. L, 1 he middle gun-deck amidship—67, The middle-tier of ports ; 68, The entering port; 69, Themain-jeer-bits; 70, Twisted pillars or stanchions; 71, The capstan;72, Gratings; 73, The ladder leading to the upper deck. M, Theupper gun-deck amidships—74, The main-top-sail-sheet-bits; 75,The upper.partners of the mainmasts; 76, The gallows on whichspare topmasts &c. are laid; 77, The foresheet-blocks; 78, Thefennels; 79, The gunwale; 80, The upper gratings; 81, Thedrift brackets; 82, The piss-dale; 83, The capstan-pall. N,Abaft the mainmast—84, The gangway off the quarter-deck; 85,

■1 be bulkhead of the coach ; 86, The staircase down to the middleBun-deck; 87, The beams of the upper deck ; S8, The gratingsubout the main mast; 89, The coach or council-chamber; 90,

* be staircase up to the quarter-deck. O, The quarter-deck—91,

■* he beams; 92, The.callings; 93, The partners of the mizen-94, The gangway up to the poop; 95, The bulkhead ofcuddy. P, The poop—96, The trumpeter’s cabin ; 97, TheWore!. Q, The captain’s cabin. R, The cuddy, usually divided‘°f the master and secretary’s officers. S, The state-room, out of^hich is made the bed-chamber and other conveniences for theCommander-in-chief; 98, The entrance into the gallery ; 99, Theoulkhead of the great cabin ; 100, The stern-lights and after-gal-ories. T, The ward-room, allotted for the lieutenants and marine“Dicers; 101, The lower gallery ; 102, The steerage, and faulk-till^ l be ward-room ; 103, The whipstaff, commanding the(I e R 104, The after stair-case leading down to the lower gun-s 1 r V, Several officers’ cabins abaft the main mast, where thetill lers S enera| ly keep guard. W, The gun-room—105, The« commanding the rudder; 106, The rudder; 107, The stern-l > 108, The tiller-transom; 109, The several transoms, viz.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 110, The gun-room-ports, or stern-chase; 111,

The bread-room scuttle, out of the gun-room ; 112, The main-capstan ; 1 13, The pall of the capstan: 1 14, The partner; 115,The bulkhead of the bread-room. X, The bread-room. Y, Thestewards room, w here all provisions are weighed and served out.Z, The cockpit, where are subdivisions for the purser, the surgeon,and his mates. AA, The platform or orlop, where provision ismade for the wounded in the time of service ; 11 6, The hold abaftthe main mast; 117, The step of the mizenmast; 118, The kel-son, or false keel; 119,. The dead word or rising. Ships of warare fitted out either at the expense of the state or by individuals.Those fitted out at the public expense are called King’s Ships,and are divided into Ships of the Line , Frigates, Sloops,&c. For an account of each of these, see the respective articles.Ships of war fitted out by private individuals are called privateers.See Privateers.

Ships, Store, vessels employed to carry artillery or navalstores for the use of a Deet, fortress, or garrison,

Ships, Stowing and Trimming of, the method of disposingof the cargo in a proper and judicious manner in the hold of aship. A ship’s sailing, steering, staying, and wearing, and beinglively and comparatively easy at sea in a storm, depends greatlyon the cargo, ballast, or other materials, being properly stowed,according to their weight and bulk, and the proportional dimen-sions of the built of the ship, which may be made too crank or toostiff to pass on the ocean with safety. In order to help a ship’ssailing, that she should be lively and easj’ in her pitching and as-cending motions, it should be contrived by the stowage, that theprincipal and weightiest parts of the cargo or materials should lie asnear the main body of the ship, and as far from the extreme ends,fore and aft, as things will admit of.

Ships, 'Iran sport, are generally used to conduct troops fromone place to another.

Ships, variously named from their rigging, &c. Be-sides the different kinds of ships above-mentioned, which are de-nominated from the purpose of which they are employed, vesselshave also, in general, been named according to the differentmanner of rigging them, it would be an endless, and at the sametime an unnecessary task, to enumerate all the different kinds ofvessels with respect to their rigging ; and therefore a few only arehere taken notice of. (PI. CLXIX, fig 4,) is a ship which wouldbe converted into a bark by stripping the mizenmast of its yardsand the sails belonging to them. If each mast, its correspondingtop-mast and top-gallant-mast, instead of being composed of sepa-rate pieces of wood, were all of one continued piece, then thisvessel with very little alteration would be a poleacre. Fig. 5, re-presents a snow ; fig. 6, a bilander; fig. 7, a brig; fig. 8, (PlateCLXX) a sketch ; fig. 9, a schooner ; fig. 10, a sloop ; fig. 11, azebec ; fig. 12, a galliot; fig. 13, (Plate CLXIX,) a dogger;fig. 14, a galley under sail; fig. 15, ditto rowing. Ships are alsosometimes named according to the different modes of their con-struction. Thus we say, a cat-built ship, &c.

Ship, implies to fix any thing in its place; as, to ship the oars,that is to put them in their row-locks; to ship the swivel-guns, isto fix them in their sock; to ship the handspokes, &c.

SHIPBUILDING.

Definitions.

C ARpf BU - ILDING ’ NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, ora parr- Y, is t[ le art G f constructing a ship so as to answer

distin ICular P l,r P ose either of merchandize or war. Some make aforn 1 p tl ? n between shipbuilding and naval architecture. ThePollen L ^ )' e ^ ne the art or manner of constructing ship,, comthey d'J 11 ® sl,T1 piy the work and labour attending it. The latterTo whi ^° e the science or theory of delineating ships on a plane,most oti*" 1 ■ wol h* ‘ s indebted for the invention of ships, is, likefrom ler things ot antiquity, quite uncertain. Yet we are assured

most authentic of all history, that shipbuilding was not

iy H'Jyp , > unv v 1 ail llOfUl.J | llJUk MUl

Vol, ^brought to a high degree of perfection, a con-

siderable time before the general deluge; otherwise it is impos-sible to conceive that the patriarch Noah could have found carpen-ters, capable of executing the directions he had received from theAlmighty, and of erecting so large and capacious a ship as theark, if there had not been many shipbuilders then in the world,previously prepared, bred and habituated to the art, by makingvessels ol a smaller size. We can by no means suppose, that theAlmighty inspired a set of tradesmen to follow Noah’s directionsin building the ark, which must otherwise have been necessary, ifShipbuilding had not been previously a well-known and long prac-tised art. We .shall only add upon this preliminary part of oursubject, that it is highly to the honour of the art of shipbuilding7 G or